首字母填词解题技巧

1、学习必备欢迎下载首字母填空解题思路探寻给首字母填空类短文题是近几年上海市中考试题常常采纳的题型之一，由于它有特别好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度；这种题型属于才能测试的范畴，它考查的范畴极广， 可以是英语学问的方方面面，仍可能涉及其它学科；它要求考生在充分懂得短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范， 符合短文需要；这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必需是该字母开头的单词；这既是一种限制，又是一种提示；可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严峻；同学要认真阅读全文，利用上下文供应的有关信息，再认真阅读相关句子，判定所缺单词的句子成分，才能完成练习； 完型填空

2、式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的才能；要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言学问储备和较大的 词汇量；一、上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计名词动词时态和语态形容词副词代词连词 /连接词介词感 叹情态词动词02（ 6）03（ 7）04（ 7）05（ 7）06（ 16） 从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类；二、首字母填空阶梯训练法不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到抱负的训练成效，为了帮忙同学们解决燃眉之急，在平常的教学中我采纳了下面的“台阶式”教学法，而且经过试验，我发觉这的确是比较有

3、效的方法之一，对提高同学的解题才能很有帮忙；详细做法如下：step1：把握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系；通过对单一成分的分类练习，把握该句子成分与何种词性相对应；词性正确是答案正确的前提；(1) 对主语的判定1. are helpful to students. teach 2. is more important to me than money. healthy 3. some famous are going to give lectures in our university in august. science4. is my favorite sport. fish 5.

4、stamps is my hobby. collect key: 1. teachers2. health3. scientists4. fishing5. collecting分析： 以上练习中， 所填的词均为句子的主语；主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（ 1- ）；动词不能直接用作主语，必需转化成其对应的名词或动名词（-）；此外，形容词前加the 以及带连词的句子也可作主语；例如：the rich are not always happy.句中 the rich指“有钱人” ，因此可以作主语；what i wanted was just your help.句中 what i wa

5、nted 是一个带有连词what 的句子，因此也可以作主语；(2) 对谓语的判定john was standing on the step of a house. an old woman c over to him.“ my学习必备欢迎下载boy,” she a , “ is your father at home. ” “ yes,” a john. the woman b ringing the bell. she rang and rang, but there was no answer. at last she t back to john ands angrily, “ didn

6、 t you s that your father was at home. ”“ i did ”, answered john,“but this i my house. ”key: cameaskedansweredbeganturnedsaidsayisnt分析： 语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词；谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺； 当一个主谓结构中同时显现两个或两个以上动词时，仍要判定他们之间的相互关系， 对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判定只有在娴熟把握相关学问的基础上，才能作出正确的判定；平常练习和周练中，我常常让同学做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的

7、判定；(3) 对宾语的判定1. mr. chen was surprised to see the fast in shanghai after his long absence from the city. develop 2. the front is in great need of medical . work 3. thank you for your . kind 4. at last he sold his . invent key: 1. development2. workers3. kindness4. invention （ s）分析：宾语是动作的承担者，分动词宾语与介词

8、宾语两种；宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是假如代词作宾语时就必需用其宾格；(4) 对表语的判定1. it is for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. possible2. the sick man is getting . ill 3. patrick is going to be an when he grows up.engine4. such cold weather is quite （ usually）in june and people have to wear warmclothes again.5. it s a to have

9、a picnic with all the members.（ please ）key: 1. impossible2. worse3. engineer4. unusual5. pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分；词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语；假如是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必需改成to do ,doing或 done 的形式；(5) 对定语的判定1. the exams usually take place at the end of june. finally2. on a night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky

10、. clearly3. in weather, the old had better stay at home. freeze 4. the french artist said,“ it is my time to visit shanghai. i love this city so much. one 5. most people don t like food. freeze 6. who is your teacher. chemical key: 1 final 2 clear 3 freezing4 first5 frozen6 chemistry分析 :定语是修饰名词与代词的成

11、分；词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主；名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途；如：stamp show / physics teacher；假如是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必需改成to do ,doing或 done 的形式；(6) 对状语的判定1. the old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to hong kong so easy学习必备欢迎下载2. watch , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. care 3. a

12、fter flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed at last. safe key : 1 easily2 carefully3 safely分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，缘由，方式，目的，结果，条件和相伴情形的成分；词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语；假如是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必需改成 to do ,doing或 done 的形式；(7) 对连词的判定1. work harder, you ll make great progress in english.2. my job is to pr

13、otect the innocent find the guilty.3. you he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because i have only one ticket.4. can you tell me you are from.5. i ll give you a call i get to japan.key: 1and 2 as well as 3 eitheror4 where5 as soon as分析：在英语中 , 并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, e

14、itheror, neithernor, as well as, bothand 等连接并列的词,词组和句子 ; 而从属连词就连接主句与从句； step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空” ，有利于提高对句子成分的判定才能；娴熟把握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填 空 的 第 二 步 ； step3：锤炼自己的发散和归纳思维的才能，或称为“猜谜”的才能； exercise : guess the missing word.1. are helpful to students.2. are helpful to students. they giv

15、e them knowledge.3. are helpful to students. in class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents.4. are helpful to students. they keep them healthy.分析： 按次序做你会脱口而出地得出答案，1-4 均为 teachers，全部解完后再摸索，好像第一题答案不仅仅只有teachers；按判定主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎规律，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发觉books 也可，继而得出结论： “一切

16、有益于同学的复数名词均为正确答 案，如： exercises、doctors 、police、parents”；其次题受后一句knowledge 的限制，答案要少一些，如：teachers、books，第三题限制更多，从“care for ”判定主语只能是人，即:teachers；第四题受healthy 的限制，最好填doctors / nurses ；以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：1. 对所缺词的句子成分必需作出精确判定，然后填入正确的词性，即必需娴熟把握句子成分与词性的对应关系；2. 必需训练自己扩散性思维才能，犹如猜谜，由于词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判定得出；3. 良好的语

17、法基本功； 在确定完词性与词义后，名词单复数、 形容词的比较等级和动词时态的确定等等建 立在良好的语法基本功之上；step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判定阶段，即综合运用阶段mr. wu is getting old. he is l the school soon. the s in his class have given h a lot of p . among t are cards, note-books, photos and books. most of the cards are m by the students themselves.photos will h mr. wu

18、 remember the happy t when he was with his students.next week, t will have a p to s goodbye to him.学习必备欢迎下载分析：通读短文以后发觉mr. wu是一位老师；从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以“l ” 应为谓语动词leaving;“ s ” 是第三句的主语, 结合have 判定为students; “h ”是 give的宾语 , 判定为 him ; “ p ” 的内容是cards, note-books, 所以判定为名词presents; “t ” 是介词 among 的宾语 , 应为 th

19、em ; “ m ” 处于 be doneby 的结构中 , 应为过去分词 made;“ h ” 位于情态动词 will 之后 , 应为动词原形 help; “t ” 是 remember 的宾语 , 并且受到 happy 的修饰应为 time ；“ t ” 是主语 , 名词或代词 teachers / they;“p ” 是 have 的宾语 , 前面有冠词 , 所以是名词party ；“ s ” 前有to, 分析成分为目的状语to do 即 to say ；step5：熟能生巧阶段；要做到举重如轻，必需在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述学问演化为解题技能；自己动手试试下面的练习：1o

20、ften, doctorstell some people to go on diets 节 食 . the doctors hopethe diets willmake the people feel b . they hope the diets will make the people healthy.alana was on a d iet, but she didn t like it at all. she was not a to eat her favoritefood by the doctor. while her brother frank ate chocolate,

21、she had to eat an apple. alana was onthe diet for two months. her doctor was p with her.“ you have been very good, said.“ you can eat some of the foods you like best. but only a little. don t eat too many s don t eat too much ice cream. if you do, you will get a lot of weight a .”then the doctor put

22、 frank on a diet. it was a differ ent kind of diet. “ youceatchicken or eggs, frank,” said the doctor.“ these foods will make you in t .“ how long will i have to be on the diet.” asked frank.“ a long time,” said the doctor.“ maybe for the r of your life.” “ but i really like chicken,” said frank.“ y

23、ou said it is one of the best meats to eat.“ it is a very good food for most people,” said the doctor.“ but when you eat it, it makes you sic it is not a good food for you.”“ you re right,” said frank.“ well, i ll eat more cake i .” key： better;allowed;pleased;again;cannot/canttr;ouble;rest2bob and

24、jim o worked in the same factory. one day, bob l jim ten dollars, but then jim left his work w giving back the money.bob didn t see jim for a year. then he l from a friend that jim was in another townthose days and s at a hotel. so he went there to see him late in the evening.when he g to jimrosom,

25、he saw his shoes near the door.“ wheell,must be in the room, ” he thought, and knocked at the door. there was no a. he knocked again and said,“ i know you are in, jim. your shoes are out here.”“ i ve gone out in my boo靴ts子 ” a jim.key: once; lent; without; learned; stayed; got; answer; answered三、常用解题步骤和技巧以下是经过试验归纳总结出来的一些解题步骤和技巧，信任对很多老师指导同学解题方法有所帮忙：（1） 通读全文完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互连接，因此， 在落笔作提前肯定要学习必备欢迎下载先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意；（2） 依据词组的搭配考虑有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平常所积存的词组搭配来考虑填什么词；（3） 运用语法学问剖析结构，判定所需的词是什么词类；如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修饰动词一般用副词