美国小学四年级英语单词词库

1、short a 一 long ageneralization:comparison of the short a and the long a sounds.short along aamaddgavesadrantablefastcarftaprilclassbrassbagelstandrattlenativemagiccattlespacetragicbattlevaporblackplanetapronjacketstrandbasinsplashtabletagentbasketlanternstamenladderhappentomatodazzlechaptercapabletr

2、ashcanafternoonfamousbackgroundflashlightalligatorbasketballratherbehaviorgadgetcanvasarrangecannonattackable cradle basic fatal labor state became radio yesterday stranger station potato favorite angel dangerous sacred ancientmanners access happily average captain package handsome accurate valuable

3、 calendar amorousaccept attic happiness answer bandage applesauce alphabet accident asphalt vacuum animositypatterns for long ageneralization:the following patterns can produce a long /a/ sound cvce, ai, ay, eia-e (cvce)aiayeijadedailystayreingratestainmayveilquakefaithhayneighawakepraisepaywayfazeq

4、uainttraysleighestatestraightlayreignlocatestraitnayeightbecamewaifgrayweightrenametrainerawayfreightfemaleafraidstrayeighthbaseballdaintysprayreindeercavemansailboatlayerneighborsomeplacerainbowdelayneighborhoodairplaneremaindecaygrapefruitremainderfrayparaderaisinbetrayengagecontaindismayupgradeex

5、plainpaymentdecadecomplainfreewaydebatedetaintuesdayvibrateobtaincrayonsmistakereclaimhooraylemonaderefrainanywayhomemadeacquainteverydaylandscapedisdainplaymatecelebrate bracelet teammate hurricane coitelate cooperate escalate dissipate contemplatepatterns for long egeneralization:the following pat

6、terns can produce a long /e/ sound: ea, ee, ieeatgreenfieldleakfeelthiefleashcheesechiefeasecreepbeliefpealsweetgriefpeakspeedbriefmeanwheelbriefcaseseamfleetshieldsteamsweepshriekstreamstreetpriestcleansleekyieldreachqueenpiecepeachsleevegrievebeachsneezerelieveweavefreezebelievepleagreedachieveple

7、adspeechsiegepleasewheezefiendbleatsqueezegrievanceceaseseepcreasebreedgreasepeekwheatreelscreamreedsquealsteelseatbeltsucceedee (cvvc)iedefeat repeat peace feat knead league breathe reallygeneralization:when you have a short vowel followed by a single consonant, double the consonant when adding -ed

8、 and -ingpatted dotted rubbed wagged shopped dropped clapped stopped wrapped rapped tripped stepped planned grinned trimmed grabbed spotted plotted throbbed stripped plodded knotted shrugged admitted regretted cancelled hiccupped referred excelled controlled transmitted committedgetting digging runn

9、ing popping wagging running jogging hopping stopping skipping planning swimming clapping dragging bragging wrapping sledding trimming strumming grinning stripping plodding throbbing quitting upsetting beginning enrolling hiccupping forgetting excelling preferring fulfillinggeneralization:when a verb

10、 ends in silent e, drop the e and add -ed. when a word ends in two consonants (cvcc) or ends in two vowels and a consonant (cvvc), add ed.remove silent -e add -edadd -edused baked moved lived tired smiled closed chased shoved traded proved praised escaped excused amused adoredwalked talked worked ma

11、rched reached tracked peeled cheered finished belonged climbed laughedignored decided divided arrived refused quoted promoted rattled bruised argued continued grieved seized rhymedpast tense verbs - irregulargeneralization:some verbs have irregular spellings.irregular verbsgo/went get/got pay/paid l

12、ay/laid fly/flew see/saw have/had tell/told fall/fell draw/drew grow/grew know/knew hold/held sing/sang drink/drank meet/met feed/fed feel/felt keep/kept weep/wept sweep/swept send/sent lend/lent kneel/knelt mean/meant leap/leapt deal/dealt leave/left sleep/slept hear/heard wear/wore write/wrote spe

13、ak/spoke buy/bought teach/taught bring/broughtvccv at juncturegeneralization:the syllable break in words with the vccv spelling pattern occurs between the two and double consonants (sur-vive, ap-pear).double consonantstwo consonantsuntil into sister center chapter market order person basket garden m

14、ember harvest plastic postage signal formal sentence insect subject canyon surface window elbow whimper seldom margin certain chimney husband reptile costume admire estimate picture injure capturemitten sudden attack attic matter winner slipper ladder dollar traffic office cabbage message village ch

15、annel flannel vessel quarrel squirrel mammal blizzard blossom common scissors raccoon college arrange grammar pressure surround different happened unhurried associate finally leggingsgeneralization:in words with the vcv spelling pattern, a consonant between two vowels tends to go with the second vow

16、el unless the first vowel is accented and short (open syllable: bro ken; closed syllable: wag-on).openclosedlazyriverevenrapidpapershiveritemmagicopencometcraterplanetmeterpetalcloverpresentbaconcleverbasinpropercupidpunishcubicfamilytulipdrivenhumancamerahumidregularspiderliquidcloverenergydinertro

17、picssilenttenantmomentrapidminuspalettesecretmaliceyogurtcloselynavelvitalspokenchosenvaporrazormajorminorclimatemotivebridalcomparative (-er) and superlative (-est)generalization:to make a comparative adjective add -er. to make a superlative adjective, add -est-fewer newer older colder bolder coole

18、r slower faster calmer nearer meaner louder lighter harder cheaper smaller quicker younger smarter cleaner sweeter blackerfewest newest oldest coldest boldest coolest slowest fastest calmest nearest meanest loudest lightest hardest cheapest smallest quickest youngest smartest cleanest sweetest black

19、estcomparative (-ier) and superlative (-iest)generalization:to make an adjective ending in -y comparative or superlative, add (-ier) or (-iest), respectively.words that end in -y-ier-iestdrydrierdriesteasyeasiereasiestlazylazierlaziestluckyluckierluckiestdirtydirtierdirtiesthappyhappierhappiestfunny

20、funnierfunniestprettyprettierprettiestscaryscarierscariestheavyheavierheaviestangryangrierangriestwindywindierwindiestcloudycloudiercloudiestglossyglossierglossiestwittywittierwittiestdeadlydeadlierdeadliestthirstythirstierthirstiestwealthywealthierwealthiesthealthyhealthierhealthiestjuicyjuicierjui

21、ciestnoisynoisiernoisiestlonelylonelierloneliestending elgeneralization:the following words end in -elangel bagel camel cancel channel chapel flannel tinsel towel gravel hazel kennel kernel label level model panel parcel shovel ravel vessel novel jewel bushel nickel morsel barrel swivel squirrel shr

22、ivel sequel satchelending -legeneralization:the following words end in -le<-leable simple sample double trouble couple single triple turtle purple jungle hustle middle hurdle handle marble amble buckle bundle chuckle cycle gentle eagle dimple gamble grumble freckle fumble bottle bubble cuddle doo

23、dle fiddle kettle needle noodle paddleendings -ge and -dgegeneralization:sort words ending in -ge and -dge with the /j/ sound.,age page cage wage large rage huge stage village baggage beverage cottage package rummage change orange strange urgeedge wedge judge ledge pledge badge ridge fudge bridge he

24、dge dodge budge lodge nudge smudge knowledgewords ending in -er, -ar, and -or (one who)generalization:the following words end in -er, -ar,o匚 the suffix means "one who'，or "person.-erworker owner waiter painter helper writer singer father sister mother brother teacher preacher rancher b

25、aker rider jogger robber swimmer runner drummer gardener prowler butcher archer grocer partner pitcher carpenter customer character employer treasurer distiller cashier traveler grandmother-ar-orliardoctorfriarminorburglarsailorbeggartailorregistrarmayorscholarpastor editor author protector inventor

26、 creditor debtor dictator director senator sponsor sculptor operator survivor professor educator navigator governor spectator inspector conductor commentator investigator instigator agitatorwords ending in en，in, on，and angeneralization:the following words ending in -en, -in, -on,an make the schwa s

27、ound.-en-in-onanevencabinwagonwomansevensatindragonhumangivenrobinbaconorganoftenraisinmelonorphankittenbasinpersonslogansirenpumpkinlessonurbandarkennapkincottonindiangoldencousincannonmexicanwidendolphingallonamericangardenoriginbuttonrepublicanshaipenmarginprisoncalifornianthickengelatinpardonswe

28、etenviolincanyonsoftenapronchickenseasonchildrenreasonhardencommonsuddensummonwoodenweapondozenpoisonkitchencinnamonbrokenonionchosenpigeonspokensalmonstolen frighten frozen fasten hasten glisten pollen swollen citizen oxygen specimencompound wordsgeneralization:a compound word is a word formed from

29、 two or more smaller words. there are three types of compound words: closed: the smaller words form one whole word (baseball). open: the smaller words are separated by a space (milk shake). hyphenated: the smaller words are joined by a hyphen (twenty-five).anything another good-bye newspaper life ja

30、cket somehow drive-in ice cream housework basketball classmate touchdown waterfall overcome downstairs everything everywhere grandparent wastebasket earthquake background handsome honeycomb kneecap grown-ups turn signal paper towels roller skatesnobody nothing cowboy afternoon sleeping bag snowstorm

31、 sometimes vice-president middle school baseball homemade homesick shinbone newscast railroad understand everybody whenever sweatshirt seaweed shoreline wholesale highway knapsack babysitting hearing aid shower curtain rain forestprefixes com-, com, co-generalization:a prefix is a syllable, group of

32、 syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or create a new -con-cocombatcontestcoworkercompactconcertcopilotcomfortconsentcoauthorcomfortercontrastco-chaircomputercontractco-actorcompassconfirmco-directcompressconcreteco-starcompeteconcaveco-capta

33、incompletecontextco-createcompanyconstructco-anchorcompelconstructionco-co unselcomposecontinentcooperatecompareconservecoordinatecombinecondensecompoundconnectcompileconfercomplainconsumecomprehendconcludecompartmentcondemncompromisecontributecompassionconcentratecomplimentcongregatecompetitionconf

34、erencecompulsivecongestedcompensateconsignmentcompanionconjunctioncommitconversationcommencecongratulatecommerceconfiscatecommotioncommissioncommendableprefixes ex-, e-generalization:word to alter its meaning or create a new word.exitexactexactly exampleexist exile expelexplainexclaimexcuse exclude

35、express except expect expenseexpensive exchangeelect eject emit erupt eraser erode elude elope election electron electric electrician elaborate eloquent emission emigrate enunciate eradicateexplode explorer excellent experiment exercise excitable exceed execute executive excrete excursion existence

36、exclamation exempt exaggerate extension explanationprefixes dia-, trans-generalization:a prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or create a new word. the prefix dia and trans- generally mean through, across, and beyond.di

37、a-transdiagramtransmitdiamondtransmitterdiagonaltransparentdiametertranslatedialecttransferdialoguetransplantdiabolictransformdiabolicaltransformerdialysistransformationdiagnosetransactdiagnosistransactiondiagnostictransportationdiabetestransitdiaphragmtransistorgeneralization:a prefix is a syllable

38、, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or create a new word. the prefixes semi/hemi generally mean half, poly/multi mean “many二 uni/mono mean "one".semi-, hemipoly-, multiuni-, monosemicirclepolygonunicyclesemifinalpolygraphuniform

39、semisweetpolyesterunicornsemicolonpolychromesemiprivatesemiseriousmultiplymonoclesemiannualmultiplexmonorailsemimonthlymulticolormonologuemultipurposemonotonemultiplicationmonocyclehemisphere hemisphericgeneralization:a prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a r

40、oot or base word to alter its meaning or create a new er-= betweenmid-= middleintro/intra = inside, withinintermidintro-, intraintercommidairintrovertinteractmiddayintroduceinteractivemidwayintroductioninterfacemidnightintrospectiveinterviewmidyearinterestmidtermintrastateinterceptmidstreami

41、ntramuralinteractionintravenousinterested interesting interrupt interval interfere interior interpret interpreter intermission intermediate intersperse interrogate international intergalacticim-imprison immigrant impeach improve impress implant impose imposition impersonate imminent imply implicate

42、implicationprefixes im，ingeneralization:a prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or create a new word-im-= in, into, onin-= in, into, oninindent inside ingest inhale inmate inject inflate intrude insert income inspect inl

43、and innate intuition inspire insight invoke invade invite incarcerategeneralization:a suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end of a base or root word to form (derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. the addition of a derivational suffix often changes the

44、part of speech of the original word. spelling, syllabication, and derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words.-ist=one who-ian, cian = a person who-istian9 -cianartistcomediandentistlibrariananthropologist pathologistelectricianradiologistmagicianzoologisttechni

45、cianpsychologistcardiologistcolumnistideologistarchaeologistmeteorologistneurologistpaleontologisthypnotistelitistdermatologistperfectionistecologistastrologistgeologistbiologistnovelistscientistsuffixes -sion, tiongeneralization:a suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end

46、 of a base or root word to form (derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. the addition of a derivational suffix often changes the part of speech of the original word. spelling, syllabication, and derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words-sion,

47、tion = act, condition, result-sion-tiontensionstationdimensionnationextensioncaptionsuspensionmentioncomprehensionattentionapprehensionconvention intention invention retention detention intervention affection collection connection election infection injection addition audition nutrition position tra

48、dition tuition fiction vacation operation restrictioncavity gravity levity captivity ability capability humanity finality minority brutality locality totality vitality fatality security insanity majority normality nativity divinity serenity brevity regularity popularity originality similarity inferi

49、ority familiaritysuffixes ment，itygeneralization:a suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end of a base or root word to form (derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. the addition of a derivational suffix often changes the part of speech of the original word

50、. spelling, syllabication, and derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words.-ment, -ity = act of, state of, resultmentpayment shipment fragment movement enjoyment treatment department apartment monument punishment measurement agreement document repayment argument

51、 replacement employment development prepayment wonderment amusement government improvement appointment arrangement rearrangement commitment achievement-altotal dental vital vocal nasal royal rural normal formal vandal central scandal global feudal musical manual refusal fictional functionalsuffixes

52、al，ousgeneralization:a suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end of a base or root word to form (derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. the addition of a derivational suffix often changes the part of speech of the original word. spelling, syllabication, a

53、nd derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words.-al = relating to, character of-ous = full of, having-ous nervous famous fabulous enormous humorous poisonous glamorous cancerous courageous spacious vicious ridiculous mysterious studious incredulous ambitious anonymous unanimouswe'd weed well wheel its ifs gate gait jeans genes time thyme o