中考英语-简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

1、1 / 10 简单句的五种根本句型讲解与练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语： 表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：country music has become more and more popular.名词we often speak english in class.代词

2、one-third of the students in this class are girls.数词to swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式smoking does harm to the health.动名词the rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.主语从句it is necessary to master a foreign language. it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定

3、式2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1) 简单谓语： westudy forthepeople. 2) 复合谓语： i canspeak alittleenglish. we are reading books. he has gone to beijing. 3、表语 : 它位于系动词 ( 比如 be) 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。mysisterisanurse . is it yours?代词the weather has turned cold. 形容词the speech is exciting.分词three times seven

4、is twenty one?数词his job is to teach english. 不定式his hobby 爱好 is playing football. 动名词the ruler must bein your box.介词短语time is up. the class is over. 副词the truth is that he has never been abroad. 表语从句 4 、宾语 : 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在与物动词之后，welike english . how many dictionaries do you have? i have five. 数词they

5、 helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化形容词it beganto rain. 不定式短语i enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词短语i thinkthat he is fit for his office.宾语从句有些与物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。hegavemesomeink. 有些与物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：wemake himourmonito r( 班长 ). 5、宾补 : 就是

6、宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 i see you crossing the street his father named him dongming. 名词they painted涂漆 their boat white. 形容词let the fresh新鲜的 air in. 副词you mustnt force him to lend his money to you.不定式短语we saw her entering the room. 现在分词we found everything in the lab in good order.介词短语6、定语 : 在句中修饰 名词或代词 的成分叫定

7、语。 heis anewstudent. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，那么放在被修饰的词之后 。thebike intheroom/over there/ismine. guilin is a beautiful city.形容词2 / 10 china is a developing 开展中 country; america is a developed 兴旺 country.分词there are thirty women teachers is our school.名词his progress进步 in english made us surprised.代词our mon

8、itor班长 is always the first to enter the classroom. 不定式短语he is reading an article(文章 )about how to learn english. 介词短语7、状语 : 修饰动词，形容词，副词以与全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 helivesinlondon . light travels most quickly. 副词与副词性词组he has lived in the city for ten years. 介词短语he is sorryto

9、 trouble(麻烦) you. 不定式短语he is in the room making a model plane.分词短语once 一旦 0 you begin, you must continue.状语从句状语种类如下：how about meeting again at six?时间状语last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因状语i shall go there if it doesnt rain. 条件状语mr smith lives on the third floor. 地点状语sh

10、e put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式状语she came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随状语in order to catch up with the others, i must work harder.目的状语he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语she works very hard though she is old. 让步状语i am taller than he is. 比拟状语一、指出以下句子划线局部是什么句

11、子成分：1. the students got on the school bus. 2. he handed me the newspaper. 3. i shall answer your question after class. 4. his job is to train swimmers. 5. he took many photos of the palacesin beijing. 6. his wish is to become a scientist. 7. hewantsto finish the work in time. 8. tom came to ask me f

12、or advice建议 . 9. he found it important to master english. 10. do you have anything else to say? 11. would you please tell me your address? 12. he sat there,reading a newspaper. 13. it is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 14. he noticed注意到 a man enter the room. 15. the apples tasted swee

13、t. 简单句的五种根本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个根本句式。这五个根本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个根本句式生成的。这五个根本句式如下：s十 v主谓结构主语 不与物动词s十 v十 p主系表结构主语 连系动词表语s十 v十 o主谓宾结构主语 与物动词宾语s十 v十 o1十 o2主谓双宾结构s十 v十 o十 c主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：she came she likes english. she is happythe teacher asked me to read the passage.she bought a book f

14、or me. 3 / 10 she gave john a book my head aches. she makes her mother angry the sun was shining. the moon rose. they talkedfor half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。the dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。he is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。his face turned red. 他的脸红了。who knows the

15、answer? 谁知道答案？ he enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。i want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 he bought you a dictionary. she ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。she cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。i showed him my pictures. i gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。he showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器

16、。what makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？the children are playing happily. the greens enjoy living in china. he became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。the apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。根本句型一：s十 v主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不与物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise, 1). 学生们学习

17、很努力。_ 根本句型二 : s十 v十 p主系表结构 常见的系动词有：be( 是) ； get( 变得 ), become(成为 ), turn(变得 ), look( 看起来 ), feel(感到 ), smell(闻起来 ), taste(尝起来 ), sound(听起来 ), seem(似乎 )a.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。8) we should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.b.表示转变或结果的系动词

18、。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) spring comes. it is _.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。根本句型三 : s 十 v十 o主谓宾结构13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.16they have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。根本句型四 : s 十 v十间接宾语 “人 十直接宾语 “物 结构间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer,

19、pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏 ) ， sing,等。18yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) the old man _ _ _ _ _ in the long march.(正在给孩子们讲故事) 4 / 10 这种句型还可转换为：动词直接宾语for/ to sb.20)

20、 please show me your picture. =please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 i _ _the salt. = i _the salt _ _. 我把书递给他。根本句型五 : s十 v十 o十 c主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是与物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call 叫 , choose选 , find 发现 , make, name, ( 命名 )22keep _, please.请让孩子们安静下来。23they painted _ _ _. 他们把门漆成绿色。we must _ _

21、 _ _. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。he asked me _ _ _ soon. 他要我早点回来。24我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_. 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to 。如： 25the boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他劳动 ) we saw _ _ _. ( 他出去 ) 。考点突破训练1、i am sorry to have kept you_ a to wait b wait c waited d waiting 2、 i felt somebody _ me

22、 a touch b touched c to touch d touches 3、 he taught me _ speak english a how should b how c how can i d how to 4、 i shall make your dream _ a coming truly b come true c to come true d comes true 5、 he told _ home a us not to go b we not go c us not go d us to not go 6、 i think _ a good habit to get

23、 up early a this b it c that d its 7、 roses in bloom smell _ a sweeten b sweetly c sweet d sweetness ( )1. the weather _. a. wet and cold b. is wet and cold c. not wet and cold d. were wet and cold ( ) 2. the apple tasted _. a. sweets b. sweetly c. nicely d. sweet ( ) 3. he got up _ yesterday mornin

24、g. a. lately b. late c. latest d. latter ( )4. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest. a. we, us b. us, we c. we, our d. we, we ( )5.i think _necessary必要的 to learn english well. a. its b. it c. that d. that is ( ) 6. the dog _ mad疯的 . a. looks b. is looked c. is being looked

25、d. was looked 判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. we often study chinese history on friday afternoon. 2. the boy who offered me his seat is called tom. 3. there is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. my brother and i go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the 5 / 10 evening

26、. 5. he is in class one and i am in class two. 6. he was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. what he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. the farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. both tom and jack enjoy country

27、 music. 简单句的五种根本句型讲解与练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个根本句式。这五个根本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个根本句式生成的。这五个根本句式如下：s十 v主谓结构s十 v十 p主系表结构s十 v十 o主谓宾结构s十 v十 o1十 o2 主谓双宾结构s十 v十 o十 c 主谓宾补结构说明： s主语； v谓语； p表语； o 宾语； o1 间接宾语； o2 直接宾语； c 宾语补足语根本句型一： s 十 v主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不与物动词，这些动词常见的有： run, study, arrive, come, happ

28、en,等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。 _ 2). 她跑得很快。 _ 3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _ 补充 : 少数不与物动词后面能跟一个一样意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是一样的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。6 / 10 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：4). with the help of his families and neighbors, the farmer lives a happy life. _。5). i

29、dreamed a terrible dream last night. _ 。6). our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the japanese many years ago. _。7). he died a glorious death. _ 。根本句型二 : s 十 v十 p主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为以下两类：a. 表示状态的连系动词。 这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。如：8) we should _ _ any tim

30、e. 我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_. b. 表示转变或结果的系动词。 这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：10) spring comes. it is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。7 / 10 11) dont have the food. _. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。12) the fact _ _. 这个事实证明是正确的。根本句型三 : s 十 v十 o主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为与物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中

31、有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部电影。 _. 14) i never said i would come back._。15they finally decided to get along with us. _。16they have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。17i don t like watching too much tv._。根本句型四 : s 十 v十 o1十 o2 主谓双宾结构， o1 间接宾语； o2 直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人，直接宾语常常指“物

32、。如：18 yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) the old man is telling the children stories in the long march. _。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：a. 动词 直接宾语 for sb.；b. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。20) please show me your picture. =please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。21) ill offer you a good chance as l

33、ong as you don t lose heart. =ill offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。根本句型五 : s 十 v十 o十 c 主谓宾宾补结构这种句型中的宾语补语可统称为“复合宾语 , 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：22keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23他要我学好英语。 _. 24他把书放在书架上。 _. 25) 他把墙漆成白色。 _. 26) 我发现我的钱包被偷了。 _. 27) 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_. 注意：动

34、词 have, make, let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to ； 动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带 to 的不定式或动名词做宾补，如：28the boss made him do the work all day. _。29我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。_. 8 / 10 第 2/4 页根本句型翻译练习根本句型一 : 主+系+表1. 当时他看起来不高兴。 _ 2. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。_ 3. 我擅长英语。 _ 4. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。 _ 5. 这故事听起来很有趣。 _ 6. 收到你的来信我很高兴。 _ 根本句

35、型二 : 主+谓(不与物动词 ) 1. 2011 年至 2013 年我在广益中学学习。 _ 2. 今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去了那里。_ 3. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。_ 4. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。 _ 根本句型三: 主+谓( 与物)+宾1. 去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。_ 2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。_ 3. 几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。_ 4. 我们也在校园和周围种上了许多树。_ 5. 晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。 _ 根本句型四: 主+谓( 与物)+双宾间宾 +直宾1. 去年王教师教我们英语。 _ 2. 在我 14 岁生日时，爸

36、爸给我买了一辆新自行车。_ 3. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。_ 4. 对不起，能问你一个问题吗？ _ 根本句型五: 主+谓( 与物)+复合宾语宾 +宾补1. 那时我正看到那些孩子在河边玩。_ 2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。_ 3. 当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。_ 4. 我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。_ 5. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。_ 根本句型翻译综合练习：1. 那噪音太大，我无法继续学习。_ 2. 得知你 9 月份要来我很高兴。 _ 3. 是一个品尝新食物的好地方。_ 4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。_ 5. 我已决定明天下午3：30到机场接他。 _ 9 /

37、 10 6. 所有父母都希望看到他们孩子们的成功。_ 7. 志愿者常给贫穷的孩子们提供很多学习用品。_ 第 3/4 页1. he looked unhappy at that time. 2. my favourite sports are swimming and skating. 3. i am very good at english. 4. the food tastes delicious. 5. i was so pleased to hear from you. 6. the story sounds very interesting. 1. i studied in guangyi middle school from 2011 to 2013. 2. this morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 3. great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 4. the car didnt stop