外文翻译---汽车车身总布置的方法

1、.附 录Modern cars design always stresses people-oriented, so safety, comfort, Environmental protection and energy saving have been the design theme And target in car design. Ergonomics layout design is not only relate to the effective use of internal space and improve cars comfort and safety Performan

2、ce, but it will also impact internal and external modeling results, and further affects the vehicle's overall performance and marketability.Soergonomicsapplication and research during car design and development process occupy an important position. After more than 50 years of construction and de

3、velopment, Chinas Automobile industry has become the leading power of automobile production and consumption in the world. In particular, with the rise and rapid development of independent brands vehicles, we pay more attention To the development processes and the technical requirements of hard Point

4、s layout.Through the three typical processes such as modern vehicle developing Process, body development process and using ergonomic to progress Inner auto-body layout, describe ergonomic layoationship between design, Aunt design in which stage of the process of vehicle development, the red The impo

5、rtance of working steps.The automobile body total arrangement is the automobile design most initial is also the most essential step, is other design stage premise and the foundation, to a great extent is deciding the body design success or failure. Picks generally in the actual design process With b

6、y forward and reverse two design method (1) to design (from inside to outside law) to design method namely "humanist", is coming based on the human body arrangement tool to define the pilot and the crew member gradually rides the space and the vehicle comes to pay tribute each article the

7、arrangement, take satisfies the human body to ride with the driving comfortableness as the premise, said simply is determined first satisfies the human body to ride under the comfortable premise, carries on the indoor arrangement first, then carries on the complete bikes external styling design agai

8、n. The concrete method and the step are as follows: Determine 5% and 95% manikin H position and the chair by the SAE recommendation's enjoyable line or the region law adjustment traveling schedule, seat back cushion angle; Before definite fixed end department space size H61 and H63, the back row

9、 rides spatial, the crosswise spatial size and so on (this a size and the modelling style are closely related, must consult the determination repeatedly with the modelling personnel) Transfers the automobile body always to arrange the tool and to unify the inner space control size, in definite compl

10、ete bikes minister, width, high size, and carries on pilot's field of vision design as well as the display board, the steering wheel and the control mechanism arrangement; Based on automobile body interior arrangement determination complete bikes external dimensions. the above step often does al

11、ternately repeatedly in the practical application process. (2) the reverse design (method, is suitable in modification vehicle design the reverse design basic philosophy is from outside to inside) in refers to the same type vehicle or based on some platform foundation, designs the experience using t

12、he expert, carries on the complete bikes aberration or the modification design. Is also first determined that complete bikes's rank, always arranges the outside measurement, then based on this, carries on the automobile body indoor arrangement, with every effort reasonably satisfies the complete

13、 bikes comfortableness, the field of vision and the operation conveniences. In fact this is one kind the design method which starts from zero, needs to design repeatedly and to optimize. The modern automobile design uses this arrangement method much from outside to inside, generally first designated

14、 that several sections with the pre-design vehicle type similar (design, complete bikes size, power, efficiency) compete the vehicle type, and uses the existing chassis platform to carry on the design to optimize (security, comfortableness, power and efficient and so on), then carries on the modelli

15、ng to suppose to count, the inside and outside superficial CAS design, CLASSA (A level surface pattern layout), finally determines the complete bikes typical section, the complete bikes automobile body structure.In always arranges in the design process, the key work is determined that the decision v

16、ehicle type technical level and the modelling style always arrange the size. In the total scheme of arrangement's definite process, must take satisfy the man-machine project request as the principle, rides comfortableness, the security, the operation conveniences, on to get out and so on to take

17、 the primary factor consideration conveniences. In the automobile body always arranges in the design, should consider the person - vehicle - road systematic synthesis optimization fully. Reasonable man-machine project arrangement design, not only relates in the effective use vehicle the space and th

18、e enhancement rides comfortableness, will also affect in the vehicle, the external styling and the complete bikes size parameter, will further affect the complete bikes performance and the market competitiveness. The human body engineering design's essential requirements are operate the convenie

19、nce and comfortableness, namely with every effort satisfies the different stature and the posture driver to operates the hand and foot extends and the natural and posture comfortableness as well as the field of vision request. The man-machine engineering design mainly draws support the SAE method an

20、d the tool. Has following several side in automobile design's application the surface: In automobile driving security and vehicle crew member's human body preservation technology; On gets out the conveniences; Vehicle door opening angle, vehicle door channel size; Vehicle doorframe mouth siz

21、e; Vehicle door highly, width and thickness size; First-level steps height above terrain and position; The crew member takes a seat the subsequent party to extend and to close the door knob the size; The door lock inside and outside handle's shape, the size, the position, the hand extend the spa

22、ce and the opening way; Automobile inner space size and chair overall size Before and after R spot position and first R spot regulation band; Forehead space size; First, the back row place rides the space; Back seat comfortable size; The crosswise spatial size (encircles take vehicle door and side a

23、s reference); Pilot field of vision design; Direct front ground field of vision; Traffic light field of vision; A column barrier angle; Outside rear view mirror field of vision; Immediate rear field of vision and indirect rear area field of vision; Display board field of vision; The pilot operates t

24、he conveniences; Foot board (accelerator pedal, clutch pedal, brake pedal) position and activity space; The hand control pole (trades boring bar, hand brake lever, door window glass lifter); In the cockpit serves the part (air conditioning, radio, pole changer, light switch and so on);Body layout of

25、 the whole process is characterized by physical, models, drawings, model, and so to transmit information, at least 1:5 sludge model, full-size model and sludge-like vehicles such as the production stage to a 1:5 model of sludge, 1 : A full-size oil sludge model, real vehicle three wind tunnel tests;

26、 body but also the raw data for the body to retain the main drawing board, the main body model. With the development of computer technology, high-speed graphics workstations and the emergence of terminals, the introduction of CAD / CAM, and other modern methods in the design of vehicle design. This

27、approach (the traditional method of body CAD) one of the main work is to use computer-aided geometric design (CAGD) approach to body geometric design, that is, on a computer model to establish a body surface to replace the traditional design of three-dimensional solid model . However, both the tradi

28、tional manual design, or CAD design of the traditional method of body, a body will inevitably have effects mapping, body oil sludge kind of model, such as Buju This greatly increases the design and development cycle and cost.Therefore, the establishment of a car body computer-aided design and analys

29、is methods - virtual prototype design of great significance. A virtual prototype car body design, is an innovative product development process, shorten the cycle to reduce costs, improve product design quality, improve the efficiency of product development effective way. A virtual prototype design,

30、manufacturing in the first physical prototype before, using computer simulation model to test various design options, manufacturers do not have to waste the time required for physical prototype and funding, can be optimized and the optimal design Programme at the same time on the computer can easily

31、 identify and modify the design defects, and gradually optimize the design, not only to reduce the number of costly physical prototype, but also improve the quality of the product design, greatly shorten the product development cycle.汽车车身总布置的方法现代轿车设计处处强调以人为本，安全、舒适、环保、节能一直是轿车设计的主题和追求的目标。人机工程布置设计不仅关系到

32、有效利用车内空间及提高乘坐舒适性、安全性，而且还会影响到整车内外造型效果，进一步影响整车的总体性能和商品性，所以人机工程学在轿车设计开发过程中的应用研究占据着重要的地位。我国汽车工业经过50多年的建设与成长，已成为世界上主要汽车生产和消费大国。特别是自主品牌汽车的崛起和飞速发展，对汽车产品研发流程和布置硬点的技术要求越来越重视并引起了足够的关注。本文旨在根据人机工程学理论、国内外标准法规和技术要求以及在设计开发工作中积累的数据和实践经验，对轿车人机工程布置设计主要项目进行研究和实车设计，并给出设计经验值及评价指标，为新车型开发设计提供理论依据。通过现代轿车整车开发流程，车身开发过程和应用人机工

33、程学进行车身室内布置设计的程序框图等三个典型流程，说明了人机工程布置设计在整车开发过程中所处的阶段、与造型设计的关系、重要性和工作步骤。汽车车身总布置是汽车设计最初始也是最关键的步骤，是其它设计阶段的前提基础，在很大程度上决定着车身设计的成败。在实际设计过程中一般采用由正向和反向两种设计方法：（1）正向设计（从内到外法）正向设计方法即“以人为本”，依据人体布置工具来逐步地定义驾驶员和乘员的乘坐空间和车内附件件的布置，以满足人体乘坐和驾驶舒适性为前提，简单的说就是先确定满足人体乘坐舒适性的前提下，先进行室内布置，然后再进行整车外部造型设计。具体方法和步骤如下：由SAE推荐的适意线或区域法来确定5

34、%和95%人体模型的H点位置及座椅调节行程、靠背角；确定定头部空间尺寸H61和H63、前后排乘坐空间、横向空间尺寸等（这些尺寸与造型风格密切相关，需与造型人员反复协商确定）调用车身总布置工具并结合内部空间控制尺寸，确定整车内部长、宽、高尺寸，并进行驾驶员的视野设计以及仪表板、方向盘和操纵机构的布置；依据车身内部布置确定整车外形尺寸。在实际应用过程中上述的步骤往往是反复交叉进行。（2）反向设计（从外到内法，适用于改型车设计）反向设计的基本思想是在参考同类型车或基于某一平台的基础上，运用专家设计经验，进行整车变型或改型设计。也就是优先确定整车的级别、总布置外部尺寸，然后在此基础上，进行车身室内布置，尽最大可能合理地满足整车舒适性、视野性及操纵方便性。实际上这是一种从零开始的设计方法,需要反复设计和优化。现代汽车设计多采用这种从外到内的布置方法，一般首先选定几款与预设计车型类似（款式、整车尺寸、动力性、经济性）竞争车型，并采用现有底盘平台进行设计优化（安全性、舒适性、动力性及经济性等），然后进行造型设计、内外表面CAS设计、CLASSA（A级表面模型设计），最后确定整车典型断面、整车车身结构。在总布置设计过程中，重点工作是确定决定车型技术水平和造型风格的总布置尺寸。在总布置方案的确定过程中，必须以满足人机工程要求为原则，把乘坐舒适性、安全性、操作方便性、上下车方便性等作为主要因素考