社会符号学翻译法要点

1、社会符号学翻译法Eugene A. NidaCharles Morris符号是由三个方面组成的实体，即1）符号载体（a sign vehicle） 2）符号所扌旨（a represent of the sign） 3）解释者（an interpretant）o这三部分之间的关系产生了符号学的三种意义: 形式意义（符号与其他符号之间的关系）、存在意义（符号与所指对象的关系）和实用意义（符号与解释者的关系）。符号的完整意义为二方面意义的总合。Charles Morris应用于语言研究时也就相应地将语言意 义划分为三种： 1）言内意义（符号与符号之间的关系所 体现的意义）； 2）指称意义（符号与所指

2、对象之间的关 系所体现的意义）； 3）语用意义（符号与解释者之间的关系 所体现的意义）。P 研究这三方面意义的学科分别为 ! 句法学(syntax)H 语义学(semantics). 语用学(pragmatics)C 它们是符号学的三个分支。翻译就是翻译意义(Translation means translating meaning) 1)指称意义(designQtive meaning). 2)言内意义(linguistic meaning) 3语用意义(pragmatic meaning)。指称意义 指称意义是语言符号和它所描绘或叙述的 主观世界或客观世界的实体和事件之间的 关系，是词语、

3、句子和篇章所反映的客观 世界。例如：father （父亲” table cloth （桌布），The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。）指称意义几乎每个人都认为，住豪宅开名车、大把花钱、吃山珍海味是享受。 An almost universal belief is that a grand house, a luxury car, a lot of money at disposal, delicacies and dainties are the ultimate enjoyment.指称意义而很少有人留意骑车、散步、种花养鸟、亲朋相聚、与爱人相濡以沫 生的享受

4、。者H是人 Few people realize the pleasures/happinesses of hiking, walking, planting flowers, raising birds, getting together with friends, caring for loved ones, etc.指称意义其实，享受和金钱无关，然而认识享受, 全看我们有怎样的情怀。 In reality, enjoyment in life does not necessarily have to do with money. How we can enjoy life depends

5、 entirely on our attitude towards it.言内意义融蠶是靛符讒聽蠶威具体体语音层次主要包括各种音韵（如头韵、元音 迭韵、和声、押韵）、格律及重读等方面；词汇层次有谐音双关、一语双叙等；句法层次有组合关系、排比、倒装等； 霍黔句式的变化、段落的安排和衔接、言内意义他用押头韵的方式把这种要求描 绘成“虚幻、虚妄和虚构”的混合物。 He described the claim in alliteration fashion as a composite of fantasy, fallacy and fiction.（头韵）参议员捡起了帽子鼓起了勇气 The sena

6、tor picked up his hat andcourage as well.（一语双叙）言内意义读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽 信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句， 而应推敲细思。 Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.（排比）千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 From hill to hill no bird in flight,From path to path no man

7、 in sight.言内意义 春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡烛成灰濟始干。' The silkworm till its death spins silk from love-sick heart; The candle only when burnt has no_ tears to shed.（双关）言内意义如果我能够，我要写下我的悔恨和悲哀, 为子君，为自己。 I want, if I can5 to record my remorse and grief, for Zijun's sake as well as for my own.（倒装）言内意义 诗中有画，画中有诗。Q The

8、re is poetry in the paintings, . and there are paintings in the poetry（回环格）言内意义哼！你别看我耳朵聋，可我的心并不聋 啊！ Humph! My ears are deaf, but my mind is not.（拈连）Z语用意义 表征意义(indexical meaning)(指话语中 揭示发讯人的身份、性别、年龄、阶级和 . 教育背景以及在交际中的态度) 表达意义(expressive meaning)(指语言符号表达说话人的感情) 社交意义(social meaning)(指语言符号在交际过程中建立或保持人际关系

9、的-种特殊功能)祈使意义（imperative meaning）（指发讯人企图改变收讯人的行为或心态的意向）联想意义（associative meaning）（指附加在 指称意义上的意义，是语言符号唤起收讯人对 其他事物的联想）。例如woman就有frail （脆弱的）、prone to tears（爱哭的）、emotional （易动感情的）、 gentle （温柔的）、compassionate（有同情心 的）、hardworking（勤劳的）等联想意义。语用意义人有时非常矛盾。本来活的好好的，各 方面的环境都不错，然而当事者却常常 心存厌倦。 People are forever in

10、dilemma. They live a fairly good life and their circumstances are as good as can be, but from time to time they grow tired of all this.我的感觉是熟悉的地方没有风景。 My realization is that when one becomes too familiar with something, one stops enjoying it.语用意义作家孙犁曾有一个出国机会，众人垂涎 欲滴,但他轻易就放弃了,原因竟是： 他不会打领带。 Whe n a mu

11、ch en vied opport unity presented itself to famous writer Sun Li, he nonchalantly gave it up and the reason given was that he did not know how to put on a tie.严志和一见了土地，土地上的河流，河 流两岸的涯田，涯田上青枝绿叶的芦苇, 心里就漾着喜气。 At the sight of the land, the river, the marshes along the river and the green reeds in them, Y

12、an Zhihe's heart was overflowing with great joy.采菊东篱下、在这里，确是可以悠然见南山 的；大概把“南”字变个“西”或“北”， 也没有多少了不得的吧。 “Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, I calmly view the southern hills： To adopt it from the ancient Chinese poet Tao Yuanming to life in Peiping, I might as well substitute the word “

13、westerrT or "northern for the word "southern in the line.语用意义I 您吃了吗？R Hi!巴您这是上哪儿去？ How are you doing?Z语用意义J 海上花园（厦门）Q Flower Garden by the Sea.：!海上仙山（长山列岛） Fairyland on the Sea d 我为人人，人人为我。r_ One for all, all for one.语用意义过去，从斋堂到北京靠羊肠小道,需要 六七天的时间。 In the past, it took six or seven days to g

14、o from Zhaitang to Beijing through a winding trail.语用意义争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收。 For a good harvest both in sports and morals.For better athletic records and sportsma nship.语用意义 她在戏里演包公。Q She played the male role of Judge . Bao (the just and impartial judge in Chinese history) in the opera.Z语用意义J 鄙人当尽力而为。Q Yo

15、urs truly will do his best.我给他来个“徐庶进曹营一语不发” O I will hold my tongue.咱骑着毛驴看书走着瞧！O Let's wait and see!Example谁来养活中国的问题，实际情况究竟怎样呢？ 看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看 市场。 What about the facts about who is going to provide food for China? To know the food provision situation in China we have to take a full view of her agriculture, for which we should first look at her market.我们中华民族有同自己的敌人血战到底的 气概，有在自力更生的基础上光复旧物