高中英语语法系列定语从句

1、高中英语语法系列定语从句i. 引入首先我们要对句子成分有一个简单的认识，如：(1 ) the man gave me a book in the classroom yesterday .(2 ) the kind man gave me an interesting book .(3 ) the man with glasses gave me a book about english (4 ) the man living next to us gave me a book (5 ) the man who teaches me english gave me a book 从(2 ) (

2、3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 )我们知道形容词，介词短语，分词短语，定语从句可以充 当定语，修饰一个名词。ii. 简介修饰一个名或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词，先行词和从句之间有关系 词连接，关系词起连接作用，并在从句中充当成分(主语，宾语，定语，状语)。(6 ) the man who sells books lives next to us (7 ) the school where he studies is far from here .(8 ) i will remember the day that we spent together .(9 ) the boy whos

3、e father died last year is very poor请指出上面句子的定语从句，先行词，关系词以及关系词在从句中充当的成分。特别提示:从句和先行词不能隔开，从句只起连接作用，须要有主句。下面句子错误(10 ) chengdu zoo which is the largest in the southwest(11) the man lives here , who sells books iii关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词：that, which , who , whom , whose , as ,关 系副词:when , where , why特别提75

4、:关系词没有what, how .that人 和 物which物who人whom人whose 人和 物when 时间where 地点why 原因as 人 和 物主 语宾 语定 语状 语a关系代词1 . that在从句中代人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省;(12 ) john has an unclehas a store in ny .(13 ) the mani know well is my teacher (14 ) this is the schoolwe are going to visit next week .2 . which在从句中代物,作主语或宾语,作宾语可以省；(15

5、) the paper/they are looking at was 500 years ago (16 ) the building/near the river is our school.3. who在从句屮代人,作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省；whom在从句中代物,作宾语, 可以省；(17 ) this is the man/helped me .(18 ) the doctor/you are looking for is in the house 4 . whose在从句中作定语，一般而言whose前后的名词有所属关系(19 ) i have an unclestore is in

6、ny (20 ) the girlhandwriting is very good lives next to me .5 . as代人或物,作主语或宾语,一般和the same as , such .as , so .as搭配；(21 ) i have the same book as you have (22 ) he is such a girl as we all like 6 . that和which都可代物作宾语,但在下列情况下只能用that;a . 先行词为不定代词 something , nothing ,everything , anything .all 时(23 ) al

7、lis needed is a lot of money .(24 ) he handed everythinghe stole (25 ) is there anythingyou want to buy ?b 先行词被 all ,any , every , no , some 修饰时 (26 ) i have read all the booksyou gave me .c.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时，(27 ) the first placewe visited yesterday was the great wall.(28 ) the most interesting b

8、ook _ i have read is "gone with the windd .先行词被 the only , the very , the last 修饰时(29 ) the only bookinterested me is jane eyre .e.先行词既有人也有物时(30 ) the car ran over a dog and a boywas crossing the street 7从句动词带有介词时，如果不是固定搭配，可以把介词放在先行词和关系词之间， 词是关系词用which或whom ;(31 ) the girli shook hands with is

9、my classmate .cf the girl withi shook hands is my classmate .(32 ) the man toyou talked is a friend of mine b关系副词关系副词when , where和why代时间，地点和原因,在从句屮作状语,如果先行词 是时间,地点和原因时,从窃缺主语或宾语，仍用that,which .(33 ) i will remember the dayi joined the army .(34 ) the factoryhe works is far away (35 ) he explained the

10、reasonhe was late (36 ) he works in a factorymakes toys (37 ) i will never forget the dayswe spent in cq (38 ) the schoolhe studies /he will visit / he will visit his teacher is very good .特别提示:定语从句差主语，用that , which , who , as 差定语用 whose。差宾语用 that , which , who , whom , as 先行词为 时间，地点，原因时，要特别注意从句的动词

11、为及物还是不及物动词，及物动词带宾语或不及物动词，要选when, where,和why iv限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的内容，而非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，和 主句之间用隔开。(39 ) this is the best film that i have ever seen .(40 ) i saw the film “ gone with the wincf： which is about the civil war in the usa . 特别提示:关系词的选择和限制性定语从句一样，但是没有that,如:(41 ) gone with the wind

12、 , which is about the civil war in the us , is very interesting .(42 ) he likes his brother , who works in the army .cf he likes his brother who works in the army (43 ) bj , which is our capital, is very beautiful.cf bj , where he studies , is very beautiful.重要考点:先行词为整个句子时，关系词用which或as, as可置于句首有“正如,

13、 就像”的意思，(44 ) she married again soon , which surprised us (45 ) as we know , the earth is round (46 ) he must be from africa , which can be seen from his skin .(47 ) his father died last year , which made him sad all the time .名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+关系代词的用法(48) we have read five books，one of which is writt

14、en by tom .(49 ) he has two sons，both of whom are teachers (50 ) there are five islands , the smallest of which attracts people most.记住:非限制性定语从句和并列句的关系并列句指两个分句用连词and , but, or , so等连接。非限制性定语从句一般可以和并列句 互换。这是高考的考点，一定要认清有并列连词没有。没有并列连词要用关系代词。(51 ) i told him not to go out many times , but it didn't

15、work (52 ) i told him not to go out many times , which didnt work .iv其他1先行词为the way关系词用that, in which或不要.(53 ) i don5t like the way he spoke to me 2注意主谓一致(54 ) he was one of the students wholate for class .(55 ) he was the only the only one of the students wholate for class3看清有先性词没有(56 ) is this the

16、 placeshe was born ?(57 ) is this the schoolwe are going to visit tomorrow ?练习:1 we visited the best factorymakes the toys for children .a where b . which c this d what2.1 don9t likeyou speak to her a the way b . the way in that c . the way which d . the way of which3 is known to us , the earth is r

17、ounda . as b . it c . that d . this4 tom was often speaking highly of his role in the play , of course , madeothers unhappy .a who b . which c . this d . what5 she heard a terrible noise ,brought her heart into her throat.a . it b . which c this d that6 he paid the boy 10 yuan for cleaning ten windo

18、ws , most of hadn't been washed for at least a year a these b . those c . that d which7 the weather turned to be very good ,was more than we could expect.a what b . which c . that d it8.1 can still remember the sitting roommy mother and i used to sit in the evening .a what b . which c that d . w

19、here9 the car ran over a dog and a boy _ was just crossing the street.a which b that c who d . whom10 his uncle works in a factorybikes are made a that b which c . where d there11 the old man has two sons ,are lawyers a . both of whom b . both of who c . both of whod both of they12 . he is a great manwe can learn a in whom b about whom c from whom d of whom1