Unit5TheUKEconomy

1、1 unit 5 the uk economy period six teaching aim: enable students to have a good knowledge of the uk economy. teaching important points: 1. absolute decline and relative decline of british economy (英国经济的绝对衰败和相对衰败 ) 2. the privatization in the 1980s (20 世纪 80 年代的私有化 ) 3. the main sectors of the uk eco

2、nomy (英国经济的主要部门 ): primary industries (第一产业 ): agriculture ( 农业)& energy production ( 能源生产) secondary industries (第二产业 ) : the manufacturing industry (制造业 ) eg. the aerospace industry (航空和航天工业 ) tertiary industries / service industries (第三产业 /服务业 ) 4. the city of london (伦敦金融城 ) 5. the london st

3、ock exchange (伦敦证券交易所 ) teaching method: lecturing teaching times: 2 periods teaching procedures: lead-in first, greeting the whole class second, review unit 4. ask the following questions: 1. by whom is a “ vote of no confidence” decided? 2. how many seats in the house of commons should a party hol

4、d at least in order to win the election? 3. who is the leader of the labor party at present? 4. what s the importance of general elections? suggested answers: 1. the house of commons 2. 326 3. gordon brown 4. the importance of general elections: they provide opportunities for people to influence fut

5、ure government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders. explanations 1. absolute and relative decline of the british economy1) by the 1880s, dominant in the world- 1/3 of the worlds manufactured goods; 1/2 of the worlds coal, iron and cotton; shipping greater than the sum of the

6、rest of the world. 2) by 1900, overtaken by the u.s and germany. 2 一直到 19 世纪 80 年代，英国经济一直在世界上居于主导地位。但是到20 世纪时，它被美国和德国超过。3) from 1945(the year when wwii ended) until present, thought of as relative decline because of steady economic growth and rapidly increasing living standards and still remaining o

7、ne of the group of seven industrial economies( 七大工业国 :us, uk. germany, france, japan, italy and canada), but other countries developed more rapidly, so it slip from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th. 自 1945 年二战结束以来， 英国经历了经济衰退， 但是这是一种相对衰退， 而不是绝对衰退。英国比1945 年更富有了，生产力更强了，且仍然是七大工业国之一，这七大工业国是

8、美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、意大利和加拿大。但是由于其它国家发展得更快，所以英国经济从第2 位下滑至第 6 位。4) causes for the relative decline 相对衰退的原因 britain has gone into heavy debt to finance the war (selling many accumulated overseas assets, borrowing large amounts from the us and canada)为了给战争筹集资金，英国已经背上了沉重的债务 british colonies which used to prov

9、ide raw materials and big markets gained independence the end of the era of empire. 过去常常为英国提供原材料和广阔市场的英国殖民地纷纷独立。britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of decolonization. 教材编者还认为英国在非殖民化的过程中因为巨额的军备开支而重负不堪。it was still forced to maintain a substantial and exp

10、ensive military presence in many overseas locations until the process was completed (mostly by the end of the 1960s). and as one of the shapers of the post-war world required substantial military contributions (member of nato and un security council). britain lacked the investment in modern equipmen

11、t and new products 英国也缺少对现代化设备和新产品的投资。(britains industry survived comparatively unaffected. it continued with its older factories and pre-war products. while the main losers in the war, germany and japan, had to start from nothing, so they could invest in the most modern equipment and new products,

12、which was sufficient.) summary of the decline : the uk has experienced an economic decline since 1945. but this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being th

13、e 2nd largest economy to being the 6th. 2. privatization in the 1980sthe british economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high 3 rates of inflation and devaluation of he currency.(forced the labour government to borrow money from imf) therefore, in the 1980s, when the conser

14、vative party under margaret thatcher was in power, an extensive program of privatization was carried out. many state-owned businesses(such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace) were turned into private companies. the author thinks that privatization was successful in controlling inflation but at the sa

15、me time unemployment rate increased rapidly. 在 20 世纪 70 年代，英国经济经历了一个特别糟的时期，通货膨胀率很高，货币贬值。因此，在20 世纪 80 年代，在玛格丽特 撒切尔夫人领导下的保守党执政期间，广泛实施了私有化改革。许多国有企业（例如钢铁、电讯、天然气、航空制造）等都变成了私有企业。 本教材编者认为这次私有化改革成功地控制了通货膨胀，但同时失业率也迅速上升。* after the recession 1990-1992, the economy had a steady growth. the uk is the 2nd only t

16、o the u.s as a destination for international direct investment. 3. the 3 main sectors of the uk1) primary industries , such as agriculture (crop and grazing)(small in relation to national health1.4%, but efficientproducing 58% of the food need with 2% of the workforce; 3/4 of the land for agricultur

17、e1/4 of that for crops, the rest for grazing animals of which sheep are the most numerous livestock), fishing( 渔业), and mining energy production: oil, gas, nuclear energy, coal mining etc. *3 of the 10 biggest companies in britain: shell(half dutch), british petroleum (bp), and british gas 英国三大能源公司

18、:壳牌公司 (与荷兰合资 ),英国石油公司 ,英国煤气天然气公司; the worlds largest mining company, rtz, is a uk company 世界上最大的采矿公司；利奥锡锌公司是一家英国公司。2) secondary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products 第二产业，是用第一产业的产品制造复杂的商品。英国的制造业尤其在药品、化工产品生产和航空制造业方面实力很强(producing 22% of the national wealth, particula

19、rly strong in pharmaceuticals药品the british company glaxo-wellcome (英国的格兰素 -威尔康公司 ) is the biggest drug company in the world; chemicals化工产品 ici is the 2n largest paint manufacturer in the world英国化学工业公司是世界第二大油漆制造商; aerospace ( 航空制造业 )the 3rd largest in the world inferior to the u.s and russia, produci

20、ng the full range of aerospace products from civil and military aircrafts to missiles, satellites and jet engines( 英国的航空制造业仅次于美国和俄罗斯，居于世界第 3 位，生产航空业的系列产品， 从民用和军用飞机到导弹， 卫星和喷气式发动机等 ), producing 2% of uk national output, accounting for 8% of manufactured export goods; when an englishman frank whittle d

21、eveloped the worlds first practical jet engine in 1937, the foundations had been laid for the 3 major branches of the aviation industry: aircraft, engines and aviation electronics, with british companies prominent in each 4 field; the comet was the world s first jet- powered civil airliner; lynx hol

22、ds the world speed record for helicopters; and food and drink. big electronics industry: the 4th largest in the world, but foreign-owned like car industry. high-technology engineering industry. british steel is the worlds 4th largest steel company)1)2)3) tertiary industries (or service, producing 65

23、% of the national health 生产国民财富的 65%), such as banking, insurance, tourism, advertising and the selling of goods 第三产业包括银行业、金融业、旅游业、零售业等(financial sector is important with london as one of the top 3 financial centers in the world; the worlds largest foreign exchange market; one of the busiest share-dealing centers in the world the london stock exchange 金融业尤其发达， 因为伦敦是世界三大金融中心之一和世界上最大的外汇交易市场。另外，伦敦证券交易所是世界上业务最繁忙的股票交易中心.) 4. the city of london 伦敦金融城“the city ” refers to the historic area at the center of london. it is on