不定式与动名词

1、不定式与动名词不定式 Infinitive一、成份：可作谓语外的任何成份：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语二、五种形式：（否定式：not to do ）1） to do He seems to know this. （ 一般式）2） to be doing He pretended to be listening attentively. （进行式）3） to be done（被动式）4） to have done I msorry to have given you so much trouble. （完成式）5） to have been done（完成被动式）6）to have bee

2、n doing We have been working on this problem for many hours.(完成进行式)三、成份1、宾语a） want, wish, decide, learn, manage, promise, expect, pretend, refuse, fail 等动词后接不定式作宾语，需要记忆！2、状语：a）表目的例： We study hard to build our country better.b）放句首例： To pass the examination, youdbetter study hard.c） in order to/ so as

3、 toin order to 可放句首，也可放中间。例： We must study hard in order toIn order to ,we must study hard.so as to 只放句中例： He spoke so clearly as to make everyone hear him.He spoke clearly so as to make everyone hear him.d） tooto 太而不能例： He is too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cantgo to.3、宾语补足语aask,

4、want, tell, order, wish, expect, promise, offer, advise, allow, permit, persuade, fire, forbid止） , get, warn, long for （渴望）等动词后可以接sb to do，不定式作宾语补足语。但动词 hope to do，不可用hope sb. to do sth.）（禁b）在某些及物动词的复合宾语中，动词不定式可省 “to ” 五 “看 ”：watch, see, notice, observe, look at三 “使役（动词）：make, let, have 但 get sb to

5、do二 “听 ”：hear, listen to一 “感觉 ”： feeleg. feel sb do doing半 “帮助 ”： helpeg. help sb. (to) do4、主语： To talk with him is a great pleasure通常用： It is a great pleasure to talk with him.5、定语：She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后动名词 Gerund动

6、名词具有名词和动词的特征：一、形式：以do 为例一般式： doing被动式： being done例： I remember being taken towhen I was a child.完成式： having done例： He was given a medal for having completed sixtyyear softeaching.被动： having been done否定式： not doing例： Tom made his mother angry by not taking his medicine.复合结构：物主代词/名词所有格 +动名词例： Would yo

7、u mind my smoking here?Tomscoming late made his teacher angry.但：在口语中作宾语时，可以用例： Would you mind me smoking here?二、成份：1、主语：谓语用单数例： Reading aloud is very important in learning English .Seeing is believing.2、表语：例： His hobby is collecting stamps.Seeing is believing3、定语：例： He is in the reading room.This is

8、 a swimming pool.4、宾语：某些及物动词之后只能用动名词作宾语finish, enjoy, mind, practise, imagine, risk, keep, prevent, suggest, consider, allow, advise, permit, avoid dislike, appreciate三、综合：（一）动名词与不定式作宾语的比较动名词表示的动作在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式则常表示某个具体动作。例： I like swimming.Would you like to swim today? （指今天这一回）I pr

9、efer going by bike to walking to the office.（指一般性动作）I prefer to go by bike rather than walk to the office today.（指一次性动作）有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语：1、在意义上没有太大区别，只有具体和抽象之别例： begin, start, continue, prefer, love, like,hate但是，我们常这样表示：He is beginning to do(因为 begin 用了进行时， 则后面接不定式)2、意义不同例： stop, try, go on to do

10、/doingstop to do (停下来做某事)stop doing（停止做某事）二、动名词与分词作定语的区别：分词与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系， 动名词则表示它所修饰的名词的用途。 分词则表示所修饰的名词的动作状态。A sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping （分词）A sleeping car =a car for sleeping （动名词）A swimming girl （游泳的女孩）A swimming pool （游泳池）The running water = the water that is running流水The running tr

11、ack = the track for running四、练习与检测不定式练习姓名学号1. I will not let my friends _ in that way.A. to be treatedB. be treatedC. being treatedD. treated2. I mgoing to have her _ with me soon.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. be living3. Although I have often heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it.A. sing, to

12、 singB. sung, singC. being sung, singingD. sung, to sing4. I asked the boy _ near the door.A. to seatB. seatedC. satD. to be seated5. Mary needs a friend _.A. to playB. playingC. playedD. to play with6. He gave orders for the visitors _.A. to showB. to show inC. to be shown inD. shown in7. She had n

13、o money _ a birthday present for her children.A. to buy withB. buyingC. boughtD. with which to buy8. Would you be _ lend me your bicycle?A. very kind toB. kind enough as toC. so kind toD. so kind as to9. I am sorry _ you up yesterday.A. to wakeB. to have wakenC. wakingD. waken10. He was nowhere _.A.

14、 to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen11. _ maps properly, you need a special pen.A. DrawnB. DrawingC. To drawD. Be drawing12. “Whywas the class meeting called?”“_new chairmen. ”A. ElectB. Because electC. ElectingD. To elect13. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. si

15、tB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on14. He is said _ a new book now about the university students.A. to have writtenB. being writtenC. to be writtenD. to be writing15. This is _.A. you to decideB. your decidingC. of you to decideD. for you to decide动名词练习姓名学号1.I wontgo to the party _.A. without invitingB.

16、 without being invitedC. unless invitedD. Both B and C2.He suggested _ English every day.A. me practisingB. I practise speakingC. my practisingD. All of the above3.He insisted _ to the front to defend his country.A. on goingB. on being sentC. he be sentD. All of the above4. - That would mean _ a lot

17、 of labour.- Really? I dontmean _ any labour.A. wasting, to wasteB. wasting, wastingC. to waste, wastingD. to waste, to waste5. Laws have been passed to prevent rivers _.A. to be pollutedB. pollutedC. being pollutedD. from being polluted6. Have you finished _ the violin?A. practising to playB. to pr

18、actise playingC. practising playingD. practising to be playing7. Tom has delayed _ to his friend till today.A. writingB. to writeC. to be writtenD. writes8. I remember _ him _ the hair needed _.A. to hear, say, to be cutB. hearing, say, cuttingC. hearing, to say, to be cutD. to hear, say, cutting9. His advice is worthy _.A. consideringB. of consideringC. to considerD. of being considered10. He had a little trouble _ his car.A. to fixB. to be fixedC. fixingD. fixxing11. Please excus