纺织品后整理纺工类复习资料

1、纺织品后整理 （ 纺工类 ）复习资料Noun interpretation1, cellulose intergrowth: cotton fiber in the growth process, cellulose content increased with the increase of maturity. In addition, there is a certain amount of cotton fiber growth plays a protective role in the matter, impurity and biological metabolism, the t

2、otal length of the fiber material and symbiosis.2, wool plasticity: refers to wool in hot and humid conditions can makeits internal stress quickly attenuated, and can change the existing state of external force, and then by cooling or drying, so that shape maintained.3, mercerizing, refers to the fa

3、bric under certain tension under the influence of concentrated alkali solution processing, and maintain the required size, the result of cotton fabric to obtain silk luster.4. Dye: refers to the organic compoundthat can makethe fiber dye, and to dye the fiber to have affinity, and have certain color

4、 fastness.5. Color fastness: refers to the dyeing product in the process of use or dyeing process, in a variety of external factors, can maintain its original color and luster ability.6 dyeing: the process of dye transfer to fiber and into the fiber inside the dye bath.7, printing: refers to a varie

5、ty of dyes or pigments into printing paste, local applied to textiles, so that they get all kinds of patterns, patterns of processing.8. Direct printing: the printing paste is directly printed on the white fabric or light colored fabric, and the processing process of various patterns and patterns is

6、 obtained.9, blank space effect: in blended or interwoven fabric dyeing, only one fiber, while the other fiber to avoid dyeing.10, discharge printing: in dyed fabric, printing method to eliminate the local printing process, the original color was white or color pattern.11, resist printing is the fir

7、st printing: after staining with anti - in the printing paste and get local anti staining of disperse dyes.12, finishing of textiles: refers to the physical, chemical or physical and chemical combination method, improve the textile appearance and inner quality, improve the process performance or oth

8、er application performance or give the product a certain special function.13: Shrink: fabric in the relaxed state or after washing, will occur shrinkage deformation.14, resin finishing (finishing): the use of resin fiber and fabric to change the physical and chemical properties, the process provides

9、 shrink-resist, anti wrinkle performance.15, crystallinity: crystalline part of the total fiber content.16 、 orientation degree: the crystal in the fiber has a certain orientation in the process of natural growth, the angle between the long axis of the crystal and the fiber axis is smaller, the heli

10、x angle is bigger, the orientation degree is bigger.17, surfactant: at a very low concentration, can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquid or interphase tension between two substances.18 surface tension: the force on the surface of a liquid by the length of a unit on the surface of the

11、liquid and is tangent to the page.19. Setting: to eliminate internal stress, so that it is in a stable state, such as mercerizing, fixed amplitude, mechanical pre shrinking, resin finishing.20, the original paste: a certain viscosity of the hydrophilic dispersion system, is a dye auxiliary dissolved

12、 or dispersed medium, and as a delivery agent to dye chemicals transfer to the fabric, to prevent the pattern of infiltration.21, pretreatment: with a certain concentration of weak alkali dipping, so that sericin fully puffed, remove someimpurities.22, temporary hardness: after boiling hot water, im

13、purities in the boiling water can be precipitated, this water is called temporary hard water, and its hardness is called temporaryhardness or carbonate hardness.23 permanent hardness: in the form of sulfates, nitrates, or chlorides, calcium and magnesium present in water are called permanent or non

14、carbonate hardness.24, critical micelle concentration: the minimumconcentration required for micelle formation by surfactant, expressed in CMC.25. Transfer printing: a kind of printing method that transfers some dye onto paper and other materials, and then uses hot pressing to transfer the pattern o

15、nto the fabric.26, migration: refers to the padding dye fabric in the drying process, the fabric dyes can be shifted with the water movement.Technological processOriginal: cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching - opening, rolling water, drying - mercerizingOriginal: ramie c

16、loth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching semi mercerizingSilk: embryo silk ready - Pretreatment - refining - (initial refining - refining) - washing(3 times) - bleach - washing (2times) (or - whitening - dehydration - drying)Original: viscose cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouri

17、ng- bleaching and washing - Pickling - washing dechlorinationOriginal: polyester cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring- bleaching water - steam - waterOriginal: Polyester / cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching and mercerizing - heat settingChapter 1 Structure and ma

18、in properties of textile fibers1. what are the main chemical and chemical properties of natural cellulose fibers?Answer: chemical composition: beta - D - glucose residue basis, each other by 1, 4 glycosidic bond link.Chemical properties: 1 and alkali: glycoside bond is relatively stable and the effe

19、ct of acid alkali: cellulose fiber with acid, feel hard, strength decreased seriously, because of the acid hydrolysis of glycosidic bond played a catalytic role in the oxidant: susceptible to oxidizing oxidized cellulose, makethe fiber degeneration damagestrength decreased, so the oxidation bleachin

20、g agent, process conditions must be strictly controlled to ensure the fabric and yarn strength.2. what are the main companion organisms in cotton fiber? Why do they have to be removed before dyeing?Answer: the main ingredients of cotton fiber are pectic substances, nitrogenous substances, waxy subst

21、ances, ash, natural pigments and cottonseed hulls, etc.The removal of water, because these creatures in the dyeing and finishing of cotton fabrics in effect dyeing, whiteness, so before treatment in dyeing and finishing of the need to be removed, in order to meet the needs of the dyeing and finishin

22、g processing and wearing.3. what is the reason for the difficulty of dyeing ramie fiber? What is the solution?Answer: reasons: hempfiber crystallinity, orientation degree is high, macromolecular chain arrangement is neat and tight, the pore is small and less, swelling difficult. At the sametime, hem

23、p fiber contains a certain amount of lignin and hemicellulose and other impurities, dyeing dye diffusion difficulties, poor performance, low exhaustion, dyeing dyeing cellulose fiber dyeing, low yield, easy to stain.Solution: (1) pretreatment of linen fiber, such as mercerizing, to reduce the crysta

24、llinity of fibers. (2) modify the linen fiber, such as cationic treatment, so that the fiber has a positive charge. To improve the affinity of the anionic dyes.4. what are the chemical structures and main properties of wool fibers?Answer: answer: the chemical structure of wool: in addition to the ma

25、in component of keratin,Also contains suet, suint, sand and vegetable matter and other non protein substances.The main properties of wool: 1 with plasticity, poor heat resistance; 2, 3.; with a strong hygroscopicity, moisture absorption swelling; 4, acid is relatively stable; 5, the alkali stability

26、 is poor; two disulfide bond 6, wool can react with reducing agent; 7, wool fiber sensitive to oxidant.5. what is the chemical composition of mulberry silk? The main properties of sericin and silk fibroin are described respectively.Answer: chemical composition: silk fibroin, sericin, wax, pigment, i

27、norganic substance.Main performance:Fibroin: hygroscopic: good heat resistance and the strong acid resistance: acid strong alkali resistance and alkali resistance than the oxidizing agent: the case of oxidizing agent, silk fibroin peptide bond cleavage in the molecule, but serious when silk complete

28、ly decomposed the reducing agent of silk fibroin function is very weak, no the dyeing performance has obvious damage: the dyeability of commonacid and reactive dye etc.Sericin: moisture absorption: higher than silk fibroin, swelling after water, then dissolved. Second, the role of acid and alkali: i

29、n strong acid or strong alkaline medium, can dissolve quickly, in which the heating of alkaline medium is more powerful.6. try to analyze the action mechanismof polyester and alkali.Answer: Polyester ester bond in alkaline hydrolysis, hydrolysis of acid and alkali action to produce sodium salt, so t

30、hat hydrolysis reaction has been carried on, so polyester alkali resistance is poor. In concentrated solution or high temperature dilute alkali solution, the fiber will gradually reduce the hydrolysis, lower molecular weight, strength, but the pet have greater hydrophobicity, crystallinity and orien

31、tation degree is high, so the hydrolysis reaction occurs only in the surface of the fiber, and from the outside to the inside, whenthe hydrolysis degree of fiber, basically keep the round, just fiber gradually fine, using this method, the polyester "alkali peeling", the fibers become thin

32、and soft. A fabric made of real silk.The second chapter: dyeing and finishing water, dyeing and finishing auxiliaries1) noun explanation (omitted)2) what is the influence of water quality on textile dyeing and finishing?Answer: Requirements: transparent, colorless, tastelessEffects: 1. When scouring

33、, hard water meets caustic soda to produce insoluble calcium, magnesium deposits, deposits on fabrics, thereby wasting caustic soda. Whensoap meets calcium and magnesium ions to produce insoluble calcium and magnesium soap, it not only wastes soap, but also affects fabric feel and luster. The iron a

34、nd manganese ions in water not only affect the whiteness of fabrics (such as embroidered spots, black silk fibers, etc.), but also cause fiber brittleness during bleaching. The dyeing, hard water can cause somedye additives precipitation caused by uneven dyeing, dye waste. Calcium and magnesiumions

35、affect the treatment of softeners. If the boiler with hard water, is easy to form scale, reduce the thermal conductivity, fuel waste, serious thermal explosion accidents can be uneven.3) what is a surfactant? A brief overview of the basic role of surfactants.Answer: surfactant: surfactant is a subst

36、ance that can significantly reduce the surface tension or interphase tension between two phases at very low concentrations.Its functions are as follows: 1 wetting and osmosis; 2 emulsification and dispersion; 3 solubilization; 4 washing; 5 foaming and defoaming.4) a brief description of water soften

37、ing methods. What are the advantages and disadvantages?Answer: 1.Precipitation method: use lime water and soda ash to make calcium and magnesium in water produce calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide precipitate. Soda ash, sodium phosphate three is commonly used as softener. 2. complexing with six

38、sodium metaphosphate as softener, the formation of stable water soluble complex. 3. ion exchange resin method: common ion exchange resins are sulfonated enzyme and ion exchange resin.Merits and demerits:Precipitation: low cost, but not a high degree of softening.Complexing: softening effect is good,

39、 but the cost is high.Ion exchange resin softening: softening effect is good, but exchange resin will fail after a certain period of time, need to be recycled.The third chapter deals with the pretreatment of textiles1. what is the purpose of Textile Pretreatment?Answer: the removal of natural impuri

40、ties contained in the fiber and the slurry and the contamination of the applied in textile processing on the oil, makethe fiber and give full play to its excellent quality, and makethe fabric with white, soft performance and good permeability, in order to meet the requirements of taking, and provide

41、 reasonable dyeing, semi-finished products printing and finishing.2. what are the auxiliaries used in scouring of cotton fabrics? The functions of various additives in scouring are briefly described.Answer: scouring agent:Main agent: caustic soda (NaOH)Additives: surfactant, sodium sulfite, sodium s

42、ilicate, sodium phosphateEffect: 1: practice the main agent, caustic soda can make wax saponification and emulsification removal, the hydrolysis of pectin, nitrogen removal, the cottonseed shell swelling, loose, after washing and rubbing to remove. The surfactant, sodium soap. It is beneficial for s

43、couring liquid to damp the fabric and penetrate into the fabric. It is helpful to remove impurities and improve scouring effect. Results: sodium sulfite helps remove cottonseed shell; prevent alkali cotton fiber in high temperature by air oxidation fade bleaching effect certain damage. The adsorptio

44、n of sodium silicate and iron impurities in the liquid scouring and decomposition products, improve water absorption and whiteness. The sodium phosphate: softening water, enhance the scouring effect, saving additives.3. what is mercerizing? The mechanism of mercerization of cotton fabric is briefly

45、described.Answer: mercerizing definition: mercerizing refers to the fabric under certain tension, processed by concentrated caustic soda solution, and maintain the required size, the result of cotton fabric to obtain silk luster.The mechanism is: produce alkaline cellulose cotton fiber in caustic so

46、da concentration effect, and makethe fiber swelling dramatically irreversible, sodium ion is mainly due to small size, the amorphous region not only can enter the fiber, and part of the crystalline region can also enter the fiber; at the sametime because it has manysodium ions around the water, the

47、water a thick layer, when the sodium ion into the fiber, and combined with fiber, large quantities of water are being brought into the severe swelling caused by fiber.Mercerizing change: cross section from round to round, the crystallinity decreases, the degree of orientation increases.4., try to wr

48、ite cotton, linen, viscose, silk, polyester, polyester cotton blended fabric pretreatment process.Answer: answer: Original: cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching - - - opening, rolling water, drying - mercerizing.Original: ramie cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching -

49、- - semi mercerizing.Flax: Joint - - - singeing desizing scouring - bleaching - drying - semi - mercerized singeing.Silk: embryo silk preparation - Pretreatment - refining -(initial practice - re training) - water (3 times) - bleach - water (2 times) (or - whitening - dehydration - drying).Original:

50、 viscose cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching - - - - - - dechlorine washed pickling washed.Original: polyester cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching and washing - - - steaming - washing.Original: Polyester / cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching merceriza

51、tion - - - - heat setting.5. The characteristics of three bleaching processes, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite, are analyzed.Answer: sodium hypochlorite bleaching must be carried out after dechlorination, bleaching equipment can not use iron material, bleach should not con

52、tain iron, also should avoid direct sunlight to prevent rapid decomposition of sodium hypochlorite solution, resulting in damageto the fiber. Its cost is lower, the equipment is simple, and its desizing and scouring requirements are higher. The hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cotton fabric is in alka

53、line environment, and has a certain scouring effect, can remove the cottonseed shell and other natural impurities in low boiling requirements, using hydrogen peroxide bleaching pollution-free, can improve the labor condition, but the high cost of bleaching. Sodium chlorite bleaching has high require

54、ments for equipment, but good bleaching effect, feel good, damageto fiber, bleaching process suitable for high-grade cotton fabric, but the release of toxic gas sulfur dioxide bleaching, need good protective measures, but the cost is high.The fourth chapter: dyeing of textiles1 what is dye? What 11

55、categories can be classified according to the application classification?Answer: dye: an organic compound that dyes fibers, has an affinity for dyed fibers, and has a certain color fastness.According to the application can be divided into 11 categories: direct dyes, reactive dyes, vat dyes, soluble

56、vat dyes, sulfur dyes, insoluble azo dyes, acid dyes, acid mordant dyes, acid mordant dyes and anionic dyes and disperse dyes.2, how to name domestic dyes? Try to illustrate.Answer: three namewith domestic dyes, the first section is the highest in the first, said the application categories of dyes;

57、second, color, said after the presentation of dye color names; the third section is the suffix, numbers, letters color, dyeing properties, application, status, purity etc. For example:"acid red 3B" where the "acid" is the highest in the first, said the acid dye, "red" i

58、s the color that shows that fiber dyed color is red, "3B" is "B" suffix, dyeing color is blue, "3B", "B" ismore than blue. This is a large blue red dye.For example: the reduction of green 2FB dye: very fast, green blue hair dyes.3 what is called color fastness

59、? What are the main types?Answer: color fastness: refers to the use of dyeing products in the process, or after dyeing in the process of processing, in a variety of external factors can maintain the original color of the ability (or do not fade). Color fastness is one of the important indexes to evaluate the quality of dyeing products.The main types of light fastness, weather fastness, washing fastness, perspiration fastness and frictio