英汉存在句与思维习惯研究ExistentialsentenceandhabitofthinkinginEnglishandChinese

1、英汉存在句与思维习惯研究（ Existential sentence and habit ofthinking in English and Chinese )Existential sentence and habit of thinking in English and ChineseAbstract: the generation of existential sentences is a focus and controversial topic in language research. This thesis is a study of the formation of exist

2、ential sentences based on the differences of thinking habits between Chinese and english. The Chinese are inclined to the whole thinking, emphasizing the overall orientation, and the whole and part of the relationship in harmony and unity. British and American tend to analyze thinking, from part to

3、whole, emphasizing individual independence. This paper reviews the English and Chinese existential sentences from the perspective of Chinese and Americans' different thinking habits, and gives a reasonable explanation and analysis of the causes of the existence of English and Chinese sentences.K

4、ey words: existential sentence; thinking model; thinking biasFirst, the overall thinking bias and British and American analytic thinking biasLanguage is the most typical and the most important symbolic system, and our thinking is realized and expressed through language. From the perspective of the r

5、elationship between language and thought behind the differences in language structure reflects how different thinking mode? Conversely, different modes of thinking between Chinese and English canlead to the language structure level difference? The corresponding thinking mode of respective language u

6、sers and their respective features of language structures of English and Chinese reflects what is the significance for foreign language teaching the research and practice of this sentence? By study on the existence of English and Chinese to explore.The formation of a national thinking model is gradu

7、ally defined under the long philosophical background and cultural tradition of the nation, and language plays a huge role in solidification. To learn the traditional China all natural phenomena and personnel and all included in the gossip system consisting of two modes of yin and Yang and the sixty-

8、four hexagrams system. Put forward the "easy to Tai Chi, is the world, the view of the whole astrotech students four images, four images and gossip" (Zhang Dainian, Cheng, 1991:23). The idea of "harmony between man and nature" regards man and nature as an organic whole and lays a

9、 theoretical foundation for the formation of the Chinese whole thinking pattern. Later, Xun Kuang, a thinker in the pre Qin period, and Dong Zhongshu, a thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, were also the further development of this mode of thinking. What we call "grasping the mainstream, looking

10、 at the essence", "from the general point of view", "from the overall situation", "macro control" and so on, contain the whole thinking mode.Different from Chinese traditional philosophy, the traditional philosophy of the westerners is to say "two gods, two po

11、ints" and "the host and the guest". They argue that the material and the spirit, society and nature, nature and imagination are opposites. This is no exception from Descartes's individualelements, which determine the whole "idea atomism" to Russell's "logical at

12、omism". Influenced by his philosophical thinking, from sixteenth Century to eighteenth Century many natural scientists should take various things or the nature of the process is decomposedinto various parts, the specific problems from the overall classification, the extremely complex problems i

13、nto simpler form and part, and a part of a part to study, so as to form the analysis of mode of thinking.Two, the bias of the thinking patterns in the English and Chinese Existential SentencesBecause of the influence of the philosophy of the book of changes, the Chinese people pay attention to the w

14、hole harmony and emphasize the idea of normalization. Therefore, the spatial cognition model of the Hannationality is "the first, the whole, the latter", and the spatial arrangement is "first big, later small", and then "far away" and "near"". The specifi

15、c feature is to express things always according to the order of time and reason, from "cause" to "fruit", from "first come", "big" to "small". The cognitive model, which reflects the grammatical structure of the language, does not take predicate as i

16、ts core and is mainly expressed by arranging word order. The word order is in chronological order of the size of the space horizontal narration, form a "more than one" "time syntax". According to this characteristic, the structure of Chinese existential sentence is first to descr

17、ibe the big, prominent place or place, and then narrate the little person or thing.The British and American pay attention to the principle of analysis and emphasize the idea from one to more. Therefore,the spatial cognition pattern of British and American minds is "first part to whole", an

18、d the spatial arrangement order is "first small, later big", first near and far behind". It is characterized by that, due to the large fruit, etc., on the spatial cognitive mode, mode of thinking embodied in the language syntax is often to sentence subject and predicate for the two pi

19、llars of the control center, the other components in the sentence, from primary to secondary, from the near to the distant space. From the "construction method". The mental cognitive model of English and American thinking determines that English existential sentences should express small p

20、eople or things first, and then express large places or places.(1) from whole to part and from part to wholeThe whole thinking starts with the whole situation, from the whole to the part, emphasizes the whole balance, the whole program. Analytic thinking starts from partial, from part to whole, emph

21、asizes form, structure and program.There is an important meeting at 9:00 on Saturday, March 21, 2009.English: There, is, an, important, meeting, at, 9:00AM.Saturday, March 21, 2009.There is a university on the 121 avenue of Yunnan, Kunming province. It is Yunnan Normal University.English: There, is,

22、 an, University, called, Normal, University, at, the, Yunnan, YIERYI, Street, in, Kunming, city, province.,of, YunnanIn chronological arrangement, Chinese sentences are from large units to small units, from year, month, day, week, afternoon, and then to specific time. The arrangement of English exis

23、tential sentences is just the opposite. In place sorting, Chinese ranges from large to small; English is just the opposite, from small to large. The Chinese word order from large to small, from important to secondary meaning, is the reflection of the whole thinking mode of Chinese people from the wh

24、ole to the local. However, the word order from secondary meaning to important meaning is the reflection of the English and American patterns of thinking from the local to the whole in English expression.(two) the whole orientation and individual determine the essenceThe whole mind must make the whol

25、e decision, because the more you know about the whole, the more you will know about the individual. Analyzing thinking requires individuals to decide the essence. Aristotle argued that in general, we should not be separated from individuals, but the essence of things lies in the "individual in

26、general". Expressed in language, Chinese is an overall orientation, emphasizing the importance of location. English sentence atomistic language structure, that is, to form a group of words, words to form sentences, sentences to form paragraphs, to form the overall meaning of the paragraph.itThe

27、re are noodles, rice and bread in the kitchen. Just take whenever you like.English: There, are, some, noodles, rice, and, bread, in, the, kitchen., Take, any, like., if, youWhen we see this Chinese sentence, the first thing we think about is the kitchen, and then the food in the kitchen. That is to

28、say, we focus on the big, the whole. After we have a whole concept, we're going to focus on more detail. However, English sentences are quite different from chinese. Think of the food first, then the big whole. When you see the English sentence, the first thing you are aware of is noodles, rice,

29、 cakes, and then you see these things in the kitchen. From this we can see that different word orders form the same meaning sentence, which reflects the influence of different thinking patterns on the structure of existential sentence. The precise word order in Chinese reflects the general generalit

30、y of Chinese thinking. The flexibility of English word order reflects the individual analysis of British and American thinking.(three) English sentences are hypotaxis and Chinese sentences are ParataxisThere are beautiful girls, enthusiastic boys, and hospitable old people in the village. You'll

31、 be very happy if you comehere.English: There, are, beautiful, girls, warm, boys, and, hospitable, graybeard, in, this, village., If, you, come, here, you, will, be, very, happy.This sentence has two meanings, and the contents in parentheses are omitted. It can be seen that the conjunctions and subj

32、ects in the second sentences are omitted, but the meaning is still complete. The structure of the Chinese loosely verbal expression is clear and complete. It is realized by the harmonious and unified relationship between the sentence and sentence. Chinese sentences emphasize the completeness of mean

33、ing. As long as the meaning is complete, the important words can always be detailed. The logical relationship between sentences is realized by intuition. Look at the English sentence, if it is a hypothetical conjunction, and the subject is not omitted, is to tell us the well-being of the back. Here

34、said the information hypothesis is realized by means of vocabulary, the full performance of the English sentence structure is complete, an indispensable subject and predicate, sentence between the logic level of the interlocking, rigorous clearly.Three. The application of language and thought in for

35、eign language teachingLanguage is the tool of thinking and the direct embodiment of thought; thought is the psychological process of language. Differences in thinking angle determine the differences of language expressions. A comparative analysis of English and Chinese modes of thinking and language

36、 expression can deepen the understanding of the linguistic features of the two ethnic groups. As people live in different regions and uneven development, different nations have different languages and different ways of thinking, since the characteristics of language reflect the mode of thinking of t

37、heir nation.To study a linguistic feature, we must first study the thinking patterns of the nation. The differences between Chinese and English Modes of thinking are the dynamic source of their respective linguistic morphological features. The beauty of individuality, objectivity, analytical and log

38、ical thinking habits objectively requires English language to form series of God, that the shape is legitimate, in the expression of logic must rely on conjunctions, language structure is rigorous, forming a "tree shaped" sentence structure; Han nationality heavy comprehensive integrity, i

39、nspiration thinking habit the objective requirements of the Chinese language in the traditional form, namely parataxis, concise and flexible, sentence like water. Therefore,The differences between Chinese and English Modes of thinking are crucial to the study of the differences of sentence patterns

40、in the two languages and their respective essential features.Understand differences in thinking patterns to avoid negative transfer of language in learning. If a person understands several languages, in general, he is always used to thinking in a very familiar mother tongue. But in communication, ci

41、rcumstances compel him to say that the hearer understands the language. As a result, this target language is different from the native language he uses. For example, Chinese learners of English begin to think in Chinese first when they are communicating in English, and then express it in English. In

42、 this case, he is using the native language, Chinese, and the target language is english. As the two languages are very different in structure and expression, beginners often make some chinglish. Such as: I, every, day, must, hard, study,English., this Chinese English is responding to the influence of beginners' mother tongue on the use of foreign language learning. It is called "migration" in linguistics". Thus, people's thi