应用光学课程设计例子(学生)(共22页)

1、应用光学课程设计一.题目：8倍观察镜的设计二.设计要求全视场： 2w=7°；出瞳直径： d=5mm；镜目距： p=20mm；鉴别率：a=；渐晕系数： k=0.55；棱镜的出射面与分划板之间的距离：a=10mm；棱镜：别汉屋脊棱镜，材料为K10；目镜：2-28。三.设计过程（一）目镜的计算1.目镜的视场角2.由于目镜存在负畸变（3%5%），所以目镜的实际视场角为：3.目镜的选型：目镜2-28如下图所示：相应的系统参数为：；其结构参数如下表所示：rdnD效5.31.552463.324.1-25.240.225.450.935.51.552463.327.5-50.930.227.525

2、.5310.01.487470.026.1-25.531.81.728028.324.217.9896.01.487470.021.8-157.0421.64.目镜倒置目镜倒置后的结构参数如下表所示：rdnD效157.046.01.487470.0-17.9891.81.728028.325.5310.01.487470.0-25.530.250.935.51.552463.3-50.930.225.245.31.552463.35.手动追迹光线，求出倒置后的Sf 用表进行目镜近轴光的追迹，如下表所示：通过光线追迹得到Sf=18.276mm6.计算出瞳距p望远系统的结构图如图所示：由于孔径光阑

3、是物镜框，则孔径光阑经目镜所成的像为出瞳，则求得的出瞳距与设计要求较接近，因此选择的目镜满足要求。（二）物镜的计算1.物镜焦距2.物镜视场2=7°3.物镜入瞳直径4.物镜的相对孔径5.物镜的选型本设计的相对孔径和视场角都不大，可以选择较简单的双胶合物镜结构形式。如图所示：（三）分划板的计算1.分划板直径：分划板放置在物镜的像方焦平面处，如图所示：2.分划板厚度d分及其公差分划板直径厚度及其公差到101.5±0.3>10182±0.3>18303±0.5>30504±0.5>50805±0.5根据分划板直径D分=

4、19.7834mm，查下表得d分=3±0.5mm3.鉴别率因此，满足要求。（四）棱镜的计算1.棱镜的选型别汉屋脊棱镜，材料为K10，如图所示：2.棱镜的展开长度3.的求取，如图所示：由于棱镜需要安装固定，因此棱镜的实际使用应在求得值基础上适当增大，可取增量2mm，将值进行规整得：，4.求b值初步确定系统的结构形式如图所示：四.像差计算望远镜物镜属于小像差系统，因此只考虑球差、正弦差及位置色差。（一）棱镜初级像差（1）如图所示：（2）如图所示：（3）棱镜的球差（4）棱镜的正弦差（5）棱镜的位置色差（6）拉赫不变量（二）物镜初级像差（1）物镜的球差（2）物镜的正弦差（3）物镜的位置色差（

5、三）双胶合物镜的结构参数（1）像差系数球差系数：正弦差系数：位置色差系数：（2）规化的、由于望远系统对无穷远成像，因此有，（3）选取玻璃对组合光学仪器设计手册第108页有不同的玻璃对组合，选择与值最接近的玻璃对组合作为双胶合的材料。玻璃对的选择采用内插法如图所示：（至少选择8组）综上，第三组K9+F4求得的值与要求最接近，因此选择该玻璃对作为双胶合物镜的玻璃材料。（4）玻璃对确定后，记录下该组合所对应的参数量值：、，同样采用内插法，求出所对应的、值K9+F4C1=0.002C2=0.005C=0.12.1.2.09534A2.2.2.4114K1.1.1.7057Q0-4.-3.-4.5408

6、1W0-0.-0.-0.（5）形状系数值选取与接近的值，即（6）求双胶合各面的曲率半径 （7）半径缩放（8）手动光线追迹用表进行双胶合物镜近轴光的追迹。123l-r-108.2843318.015663.056518.349202.7002l-r×u÷rh=10108.2843381.0720.-63.056721.050.-202.7002i×n/n0.1/1.5163-0.1.5163/1.6199-0.1.6199/1i×r÷u=(u+i-i)0.108.28430.-0.-63.0560.-0.-202.70020.l-r+r209.7

7、313108.2843581.405-63.056364.426-202.7002l318.0156518.349161.726lu÷uh=100.h=100.h=100.l-d318.01560518.3490161.726l318.0156518.349（9）透镜外径由于透镜需要安装固定，因此，透镜的外径需比通光口径大一些，其增量如下表所示：通光口径（D）外径用滚边法固定用压圈法固定到6D+0.6->610D+0.8D+1>1018D+1D+1.5>1830D+1.5D+2>3050D+2D+2.5>5080D+2.5D+3>80120-D+3

8、.5>120-D+4.5多采用压圈法，则（10）双胶合两片透镜的中心厚度求各面的矢高、，如图所示： 当凸透镜边缘最小厚度凹透镜的边缘最小厚度第一块透镜中心厚度第二块透镜中心厚度由于凹透镜中心薄边缘厚，因此，取增量1.5mm，则。（11）修改半径对于三个折射面求修改后的半径 （i=1,2,3）求得的半径根据光学仪器设计手册第356页规化。，（12）手动光线追迹5个面的近轴光线的厚透镜光线追迹；12345l-r-108.39310.026362.23496.818199.0780.940715.182l-r×u÷rh=10108.39372.2560.-62.23695.

9、8880.-199.070.0.i×n/n0.1/1.5163-0.1.5163/1.6199-0.1.6199/1-0.1/1.5182-0.1.5182/1i×r÷u=(u+i-i)0.108.390.-0.1759-62.230.-0.-199.070.-0.0.-0.0.l-r+r209.9363108.39564.348-62.23355.944-199.07l318.3263502.118156.874lu÷uh=100.9.739260.9.636430.4.972010.0.0.l-d318.3263-8.3502.118-5.3156.

10、874-75.9333122.884-107.70210l310.0263496.81880.940715.1825个面的主光线的厚透镜光线追迹；12345l-r2.10555-108.39-5.1390762.23-10.7593199.0780.94115.183l-r×u÷r-106.284-0.108.3957.0909-0.-62.23188.3107-0.-199.07-0.-0.i×n/n0.05991/1.51630.1.5163/1.61990.1.6199/10.1/1.51820.1.5182/1i×r÷u=(u+i-i)

11、0.108.39-0.0.-62.23-0.0.-199.07-0.0.-0.0.-0.l-r+r105.228108.3956.7707-62.23192.288-199.07l213.618-5.4593-6.782lu÷u-0.-0.0.-0.0.41212-0.-4.91835-0.-0.-0.l-d3.16093-8.3-5.4593-5.3-6.7822487.723122.885-107.70210l-5.13907-10.759380.94115.1835个面的边缘光线的厚透镜光线追迹。12345L-r-108.39309.435862.23496.818199.07

12、80.940715.182L-r×sinU÷rH=10108.39371.66580.-62.23695.8880.-199.070.0.sinI×N/N0.1/1.5163-0.188151.5163/1.6199-0.1.6199/1-0.1/1.5182-0.1.5182/1sinI×r÷sinU0.108.390.-0.-62.230.-0.-199.070.-0.0.-0.0.L-r+r209.3458108.39564.348-62.23355.944-199.07L317.7358502.118156.874122.88410U+

13、I05.29361.80528-10.84481.10414-3.86243U+I-I5.29363.48832-9.03956-10.1437-2.75829-6.26447U1.805281.104143.50618L-d317.7358-8.3502.118-5.3156.874-75.9333122.884-107.702L309.4358496.81880.940715.182（四）像差容限（1）球差：（2）正弦差：（3）位置色差：五.建立数据文件00111,3,5,0,0.,3.5,20.,108.39,2.10555,1.,1.,1.,-62.23,8.3,1.5163,1.52

14、195,1.51389,-199.07,5.3,1.62004,1.63209,1.61504,0, 75.933,1.,1.,1.,0,107.702,1.51817,1.52428,1.51549,0.,0.,1.,1.,1.,4444六.上机进行像差校正七.实际光学性能计算1.实际放大倍率：2.实际出瞳距：3.实际出瞳直径：4.鉴别率：八.绘制F光、C光及D光的球差曲线、正弦差曲线、OPD曲线九.设计心得体会交：1 封皮1张2 B5本1本3 B5坐标纸2页4 小l表5+2页5 大L表1+1页6 档案袋1个准备：1 计算器2 工程光学书3 光学设计指导书4 光学仪器设计手册5 尺、铅笔、橡

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