2019届中考英语二轮复习《第2讲动词分类与谓语动词》讲义

1、动词分类与谓语动词【知识点睛】一、动词种类_动词_情态动词用法：没有人称和数的变化；不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形 构成谓语部分；变否定，情态动词后直接加not ；变疑问，情态动词直接提前。can & could 表_ he can speak english. he could ride a bike when he was 7. he is so young that he cant look after himself. he couldn t write when he was only 2.i will be able to speak german fluently s

2、omeday. 表_ can you pass me some paper? could you please tell me where the bookstore is? you can go now. 表_ who is singing in the next room? is it lucy? it can t be her. she has gone to new york.may & might 表_ may i know your name? might i know your name? yes, you _. no, you _. you may go now. 表_

3、 she may know the answer, but im not sure. have you decided where to go for your weekend? not yet. we may go to qingdao. must & have to _ the movie is boring. i must go now. drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. this is the traffic rule. my mother called me. i have to go now. dad, must

4、 i practice the piano today? yes, you _. no, you _./ no, you dont have to. you may do it tomorrow._ you mustnt nip off the flowers.you dont have to be in a hurry.（没必要）表_ whose notebook is this? it must belong to tom. i saw he used it just now. he must have known the truth. need _ you need not get he

5、re early. need i repeat it? yes, you _./ no, you _. _ she needs a dictionary to help her study. i need to make a phone call. the room needs cleaning. 情态动词表推测一肯，一否，三个不一定whose notebook is this? it must belong to tom. i saw he used it just now. who is singing in the next room? is it lucy? it can t be h

6、er. she has gone to new york. she may/might/could know the answer, but im not sure.情态动词 +现在完成时1、表对过去的猜测、可能性must have done“一定做了”用于肯定句，语气最强。the light is off. he must have slept. may/ might have done 可能做了，语气弱，可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不”，如： he might not have been in. 他可能不在家。might 比 may可能性更小。can (could) not have do

7、ne“不可能做了” ，语气强， can, could也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：could he have left? 2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有”。should (ought to) have done. 本来应该做，而没做到如：you should have asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙) could have done 本来能够，如：he could have passed the exam. (结果没通过 ) might have done 本来可以 neednt have done 本来没必要 you neednt have

8、 taken a taxi. it is not far. (事实上坐出租车了) had better have done sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。表示 would rather have done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事” ，表示“后悔”的意思。should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。二、时态（一）时态分类_按分_（二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）一般现在时：反复性规律性经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现一般过

9、去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.) 现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段过去进行时：过去某一时刻( 段) 正在进行、过去频繁发生现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来过去完成时：过去的过去_the film before? yes. i _it the day before yesterday. a. have you seen; saw b. did you see; have seen c. have you seen; have seen d. have you s

10、een; was seeing （三）易混时态区分：一般过去时vs现在完成时一般过去时现在完成时侧重点过去的时态；侧重表示过去的动作，与现在无关现在的时态；侧重过去的动作对现在的影响例句i saw a movie last night. 强调昨晚上看电影的动作i have seen the movie before. 强调我了解电影内容时间状语ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等before, already, yet, so far, ever, never, just, recently, since, for, lately, still等（不

11、能与一般过去时的时间状语连用）_(see) the film the day before yesterday ? yes, i _(see) it already. it is really interesting. （四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总瞬间动词 _（有 / 无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与_连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词your sister looks very happy! yeah, she has finally bought the dress she wants most. wow, your watch looks nic

12、e. is it new? no, i _ (buy) it since 3 years ago. 将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：close _ come _ go _ finish _ die _ put on _ lose _ join _ get up _ buy _ borrow _ open _ leave _ fall asleep _ wake up _ arrive/reach _ start/begin _ catch a cold _ 三、语态（一）主动语态和被动语态主动语态：动作的 _ 作主语。 i bought a book. 被动语态：动作的 _ 作主语。 a

13、 book was bought by me. （二）被动语态用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者3.动作的发出者不是人（三）被动语态基本结构：_ （四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时一般将来时【小试牛刀】1.the building can_ (see) from every part of the city. it _ (build) many years ago. 2.yesterday tom _ (tell) me that his bike _ (bre

14、ak) last week. 3.the students _ often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 4.now he _ (be) asked if the meeting _ (hold) next friday. 5.my teacher gave me a new book yesterday. _ 6.she is looking for her keys at the moment. _ 7.i saw some girls playing tennis on the playground when i pas

15、sed. _ 8.in the old days, the employer made their employees work in the factory from morning to evening. _ （五）主动表被动1.that book is really _(值得一读 ). 2.harry potter _(卖得很好 ). 3.my bike _(需要修理了 ). 4.great changes _(发生了 ) in the countryside in recent years. 【精讲精练】一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其属于什么动词1.he often drew pi

16、ctures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop. 2.li jun, a 17-year-old girl from shenzhen foreign language school, still cant believe her 10-day free training camp in the alps in switzerland last month was true. 3.the american offici

17、al, the french, japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in shame, and did not dare to answer. 4.it s ok if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people. 5.the drunken man asked the police if they knew where mabel was as he was put into the

18、 back seat of the police car. 二、单项选择( )1.choosing the right circle of friends will _ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret. a. save b. share c. keep d. bring ( )2.it is helpful to _ a good habit of reading in language learning. a. take b. show c. develop d. match ( )3.t

19、he cloth _ very soft and comfortable. a. smells b. tastes c. feels d. sounds ( )4.the plane will _ from beijing capital airport and land in london. a. take up b. take out c. take away d. take off ( )5.how does the animal get food? it doesn t need to do anything. the zookeeper will _ it with food and

20、 drink. a. offer b. provide c. divide d. give ( )6.where are you going? i m going to the airport to _ my friend, mary. she is going to london on holiday. a. see off b. put off c. take off d. send off ( )7.my grandma is ill in bed. sorry to hear that. why not _ a doctor? a. send for b. send up c. sen

21、d away d. send out ( )8.do you miss your son who is at university, mrs. zhang? no. i often _ him, and make telephone calls to him. a. think about b. hear from c. look after d. learn from ( )9.we must act now because time is _. yes. let s start.a. coming out b. giving out c. putting out d. running ou

22、t ( )10.do you still have a headache, bill? no, its _. im all right now, mum. a. dropped b. ran c. left d. gone ( )11.you _ smoke in the hospital. a. needn t b. oughtn t toc. ought to not d. may not ( )12.another cup of coffee? no, thanks. i _ be off. mary is waiting for me. a. can b. may c. must d.

23、 might ( )13.may i watch tv for a while? no, you _. you have to finish your homework first. a. shouldn t b. needn tc. mustn t d. wont( )14.i can t give up smoking, doctor. for your health, im afraid you _.a. may b. can c. have to d. must ( )15.mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show u

24、p.a. should have arrived b. should arrive c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving ( )11.when winter comes, _ spring be far behind? a. should b. need c. must d. can ( )12.will you answer the telephone? it _ be your mother. sorry. i _. im very busy. a. can; mustntb. will; cantc. may; can td.

25、need; will ( )13.you _ drive your car so fast. its very dangerous. a. wouldn tb. shouldn tc. couldn td. mightn t ( )14.shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.? in fact we _. the train _ until 10 a.m. a. mustn t; doesn t leaveb. mustn t; leavesc. neednt; won t leaved. needn t; will leave( )15.are you

26、going anywhere? i _ about visiting my sister, but i have changed my mind. a. think b. have thought c. will think d. thought ( )16.does this bus go to the beach? no. you _ the wrong way. you want the number 11. a. go b. were going c. are going d. would go ( )17.is tom at home? no, he _ to town. a. ha

27、s been b. has gone c. goes d. will go ( )18.the official said they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year. a. makes b. would make c. made d. have made ( )19.it _ usually _ at this time of year, but today it is raining heavily. a. is; raining b. wont; rainc. has; rained d. doesn t; rain( )

28、20.i _ my hometown for a long time. i really miss it! a. left b. went away from c. have left d. have been away from ( )21.when we hurried to the cinema, the film _ for ten minutes. a. had been on b. had begun c. has begun d. begun ( )22.what language _ in that country? german and english. a. are spe

29、aking b. are spoken c. speak d. is spoken ( )23.the mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. a. invents b. was invented c. is invented d. invented ( )24.bamboos can _ paper. a. used to make b. be used make c. be used to make d. be used to making ( )25.would you mind my sitting here

30、? sorry, it _ already. a. has taken b. is taking c. has been taken d. took 【参考答案】【知识点睛】动词种类：主动词，分为系动词（状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词）和实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）助动词分为助动词(do/does/did/doing/done, is/are/am/was/were/being/been, have/has/had/having/had, will/would/shall/should)和 情态 动 词(will/would/shall/should, can/could/

31、may/might, need/must/have to/had better/ought to)表能力表请求许可表猜测表请求许可can/may; can t/may not/mustnt表猜测（可能性）必须（主客观） must; needn t禁止（否定）表肯定猜测（一定）需要情态动词must; needn t需要实义动词时态分类：按时间分：过去、现在、将来过去：一般过去（v-ed ） 、过去进行（ was/were doing） 、过去将来（ would+v. ） 、过去完成（had+done）现在：一般现在（v. ） 、现在进行（ am/is/are+doing） 、现在完成（ have/has+done ）将来：一般将来（will+v. / be goi