高一英语定语从句讲解和习题

1、考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数定语从句、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meet ing just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成帧？引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系畐U词有： whe n, where, why.二、关系词的用法：(

2、一) 关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如:He is the man who/that lives n ext door.The train which/that has just left is for Shen zhe n.2. 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that,女口：The man (whom/who/that) we have just see n is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词wh

3、o whom, that通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略；用于指物的关系代词 which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3. 作定语用 whose,女口：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注："whose+名词中心词"这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上 a句)，又能作宾语(如上 b句)。whose的 先行词常用来指人，但有时

4、也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是：名词+of which ，"如：They came to a house whose back wall had broke n dow n. (= the back wall of which)He' s written a book the name of which I' ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)4. 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no Ion ger the man that he use

5、d to be.This is no Ion ger the dirty place (that) it used to be.(二) 关系副词的用法：1. when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date whe n Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he

6、 came, he did his best to help us.But help n ever stopped coming from the day she fell ill.考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数2. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等，如：This is the hotel where they are stay ing.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：This

7、 is the place (where) we met yesterday.3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：That is the reas on why he is leavi ng so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reas on he did it.(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during )+ which;where = in (at, on )+ which;why = for which. 女口：I

8、was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reas on why (=for which) we did it.2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语 或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where,试比较：I ' ll never f

9、orget the day when my hometown was liberated.1 ' ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。三. 限制性定语从

10、句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不 可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2 .非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a m

11、ome nt ago.As a boy, he was always making thin gs, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数并列句或简单句来表达。如:I told the story to Joh n, who later did it to his brother.=I told the story t

12、o Joh n, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happe ned to see Joh n, who was eager to have a talk with you.=Yesterday I happe ned to see Joh n and he was eager to have a talk with you.唯一性，这在理解和翻译3 两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有 时应特别注意。试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful p

13、ictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.(只有一个)(不止一个)而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用 whichHis brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.4 有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词， 或as来引导。如：He pas

14、sed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.注：(1) as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而 which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwa n is a part of China.(2) 从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成就象那样”(3) 如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as,如：She stole her friend'

15、s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.5.在正式文体中，以 the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或that引导，如:The way in which you an swered the questi ons was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I don ' t like the way (that) you laugh

16、 at her.四. 关系词的选择1. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom(口语中有时用 who)指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。2. 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talk ing?Do you know the boy (that) she was talk ing to?Th

17、e pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数(1) 当先行词是 all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing All that can be done has bee n done.In this factory I saw little /

18、much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被 all, any no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Han gzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)

19、当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?That ' s the most expensive hotel that we' ve ever stayed in.This no vel is the sec ond best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want t

20、o find.(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at t he ChildrenShe described in her compositi ons the people and places that impressed her most. 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?4. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或th

21、at，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1) 当先行词是 one, on es, any, few, anyone, an ybody, some one, somebody, every one, everybody等词时。如：Is there anyone who can an swer this questi on?He was among the few who man aged to live through the en emy pris on camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You' re the one that knows where

22、 to go.)(2) 当先行词是 he, they, those, people, person 等词时。如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are aga inst the proposal put up your han ds.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that女口：He that promises too much means nothing.(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glass

23、es who is speak ing at the meeti ng?(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you Germa n.There ' s only one stude nt in the school who/whom I wan ted to see.等词时。如:s Palace.考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 两个定语从句

24、同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.5. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is readi ng the n ewspaper over there?Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：He is the gre

25、atest man that has ever lived.(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如：She is the only pers on that un dersta nds me.6. 当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same inst

26、rument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：(1) 使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用 that时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：Wome n received the same pay as men.Wome n received the same pay that men received. 在“the samethat构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调相同”

27、that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same in strume nt that I used yesterday.=This is the same in strume nt I used yesterday.=This is the in strume nt I used yesterday.但在"the sameas结构中，same和as都不能省略。 当“the samethat构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。如：He lives in the same building that I live.

28、=He lives in the same build ing as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?=Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7.当先行词前有 such, so, as时，关系词应当用a®如:t un dersta nd.A wise man seldom talks about such things as he does n 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数He spoke in such e

29、asy En glish as everybody could un dersta nd.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passe ngers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let ' s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.定语从句专项练习题及详解50题1. The placein terested me most was the

30、Childre n's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. i n which2. Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the yearthe Chin ese

31、Communist Party was foun ded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the dayI'll n ever forget.A. which B. on which C. i n which D. whe n6. The factorywe'll visit n ext week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. i n which7. Great cha nges have take n place since the n

32、in the factorywe are work ing.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this year B. that have show nC. that has bee n show n this year D. that you talked9. Ca n you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about

33、 that you talked D. that you talked10. The penhe is writing is mine.A. with which B. i n which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which

34、D. with whom13.lt there anyone in your classfamily is in the coun try?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.1'm in terested inyou have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数15.1 want to use the same diet ionarywas used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isn'

35、;t such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at En glish,we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. whatA. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.l went with him19.1 don't likeas you read.A. the no vels B. the such no vels C. such no vels D. same no vels20. He ta

36、lked a lot about things and pers onsthey remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.ln our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare wome n.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the

37、only pers onve ever metcould do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.1 lost a book,I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,Han gzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26

38、.1 have bought such a watchwas advertised on TV .A. that B. which C. as D. it27.1 can n ever forget the daywe worked together and the daywe spe nt together.A. whe n; which B. which; whe n C. what; that D. on which; whe n28. The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29. This i

39、s the reas onhe did n't come to the meet ing.A. i n which B. with which C. that D. for which30. This mach ine,for many years, is still worki ng perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31. The reas onhe did n't come

40、washe was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32. He is work ing hard,will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33. That is not the wayI do it.考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.1 have two grammars,are of great use.A. all of which B

41、. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.1 want to use the same toolsused in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My n eigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very ki nd of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37. This is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38. He is not such a manwould leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39