2022年2022年初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解练习及答案VIP

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载定语从句 1关系代词引导的定语从句一. 考点.热点回忆【词汇辨析】1. every day & everydayevery day “每天”,作时间状语；everyday 为形容词,“每天的,日常的”；eg: she learns some everyday english every day.她每天学一些日常英语；he goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚；2. between & amongbetween常用于表示两者之间,或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间among 一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物

2、之中；eg: tom is between ann and mary.汤姆在安和玛丽之间；they talked among themselves while they waited.他们一边等着一边相互谈话【固定搭配】 to do / doing在英语中,有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同1. forget to do遗忘做某事i msorry i forgot to post the letter.forget doing做过某事忘了i forgot telling him the news the other day.2. stop to do 停下来做

3、某事he stopped to talk to me when he saw me in the street yesterday. stop doing停止做某事please stop talking loudly in the library.3. try to do尽力做某事i tlrly to get there before sunset.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里；try doing试着做某事why not try knocking at the back door.为什么不试一试敲后门？4. regret to do遗憾地将做某事i regret to say that i can

4、 gto with you.regret doing懊悔做过某事i regret missing such a good chance of practising my spoken english.【关系代词引导的定语从句】（一）.定义： 在复合句中,修饰某一名词 或代词的从句叫做定语从句；定语从句为指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后；如： 1 the man who lives next to usis a policeman.2 you must do everythingthat i do .上面两句中的man 和 everything 为定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行

5、词,定语从句放在先行词的后面；引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that、 which、 who 宾格 whom、全部格 whose和关系副词 where、 when .why关系词常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）.关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 指人,在从句中做主语(1) the boys who are playing footballare from class one. 2yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way .2. whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略；(1) mr. liu

6、 is the personwhom you talked about.留意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替,可省略；1精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载(2) the man who/whom you met just nowis my friend.3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. which在句子中做主语(2) this is the pen which he bought yesterday. which在句子中做宾

7、语4. that 指人时,相当于who 或者 whom ；指物时,相当于which ；在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略；(1) the people that/who come to visit the cityare all here. 在句子中做主语(2) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning. 在句子中做宾语5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i lived in a house whose roof has

8、 fallen in.whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) the classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=the classroom the door of which is brokenwill soon be repaired. 4do you like the bookwhose color is yellow.=do you like the bookis yellow .【总结】：一.关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语.宾语.定语等句子成分；如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom w

9、howhichthat定语whose（ of whom ）whose（ of which ）1. this is the doctor who came from london.2. the book which that i am reading is written by thomas hardy.3. the desk whose leg is broken is very old.4. this is the room that which shakespeare was born in.二.使用关系代词时应留意 以下几点：1假如先行词为all , anything , somethi

10、ng, nothing , everything , little , none 等不定代词,关系代词一般 只用 that ,不用 which ；例如： all that arepresent burst into tears.2假如先行词被形容词最高级以及first ,last,any,only ,few, much,no,some,very 等词修饰,关系代词常 用 that , 不用 which ；例如： the first lesson that i learned will never be forgotten.2精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载3 which 仍有一种

11、特别用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中,which 可以 作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情形下意思与and this 相像；例如： he succeeded in the competition、 which made his parents very happy.4先行词中 既有人又有物时,关系代词应当用 that ；例 如 ： the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 5 “介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句；此结构中的介词可

12、以为 in、 on、 about、 from、 for、 with、 to、 at、 of、 without等,关系代词经常只可用 whom 或 which ,不行用that ；例如： the room in which t here is a machine is a workshop.像 listen to , look at , depend on , pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开；例如： this is the boy whom she has taken care of.二. 典型例题1 . -do y

13、ou know the man is talking with your father？-yes, he s our headmaster.a. heb. whoc. whichd. whom2.the girl is reading under the tree my sister.a. which ； isb. whom ； wasc. who； isd. who ； was3.have you seen the film titanic actors are very famous.a whob whosec thatd whom4.ann asked the policeman he

14、worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.a with himb with whomc whod whom 5.a child parents are dead is called an orphan.a whichb hisc whosed with 6.this is the reason he told me.a .thatb .whyc.on whichd .for that 7.do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now.a. whob. whomc. whichd

15、. whose 8.this is the dictionary mum gave me for my birthday.a. whichb. whatc. whosed. whom精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载9.shaolin temple abroad.lies in the west of zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. whereb. whichc. whod. what10. do you know the girl is standing under

16、 the tree. she is my little sister.a. whob. whomc. whosed. which3精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载三.课后练习1. beijing is the 29th city holds the olympic games.a. whereb. thatc. whichd. what 2. have you read the book i gave you yesterday.a. thatb. whenc. where3. the man came to our party with a present is my old

17、friend.a. whenb. whichc. who 4. i like writers write short stories.a. whichb. whatc. whomd. who5. this is the question we are talking about now.a. thatb. whoc. whered. when 6. what are you looking for. i am looking for the book i bought yesterday.a. whob. whichc. whose7. jack、 there is someone in th

18、e office would like to speak with you.a. whob. whichc. whom8. if a bag is filled with books and pens、 it must belong to someone works hard.a. whichb. /c. whomd. who9. many young people prefer the songs have great lyrics.a. whichb. whoc. whered. whom10. even teachers can t understand some expr_e_s_s_

19、io_n_s_ their students use in daily life.a. whoseb. whoc. thatd. whom 11. the bridge a big ship can go has been built.a. under whichb. under thatc. in whichd. on which12. the book is torn is mine.a. the cover of whichb. the cover of thatc. which the coverd. whose cover of13. he talked about the clas

20、smates and the school he had visited.a. whob. thatc. whichd. about which14. you have seen the girl sister is a chinese teacher.a. whomb. of whomc. whosed. of which 15. we should do all is useful to people.a. /b. thatc. itd. which 16. we came to a place they had never paid a visit before.a. whichb. i

21、n whichc. on whichd. to which17. those finished doing it put up your hands.a. who haveb. who hasc. which haved. have4精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载19. the man was a friend of mine.a. that you just talked tob. whom you just talked to himc. who you just talked to himd. which you just talked to 20. i went to

22、the school my father once worked.a. thatb. whichc. whered. on which21. i shall never forget those years i lived in the country with the farmers、 has a great effect on my life.a. that; whichb. when; whichc. which; thatd. when; who22. the weather turned out to be very good、 was more than we could expe

23、ct.a. whatb. whichc. thatd. it23. carol said the work would be done by october、 personally i doubt very much.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. itb. thatc. whend. which 24. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play、 unhappy.a. whob. whichc. thisd. what、 of course、 made the others精品学习资料精选学习资料

24、 - - - 欢迎下载25. have you seen the film "titanic"、 leading actor is world famous.a. itsb. it'sc. whosed. which5精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载典型例题1b2c3b4b5c6a7a8a9b10a课后练习1b2a3d4d5-9abada10c11 解析：考查定语从句随便性关系引导词；基本常识：定语从句随便性关系引导词由搭配介词+which/whom 构成,先行词指人用前者,先行词指事/ 物用后者；定语从句引导词的判定方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句,使

25、从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句；此句中, 先行词为 the bridge; 从句为 a big ship can go、 二者构成的完整句为a big ship can go under the bridge.因此,答案为 a12 解析：考查定语从句随便性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词； 此句中先行词为 the book、 从句应为 cover is torn、 二者构成的完整句为 the cover of the book is torn. 因此随便性关系引导词结构为 the cover of which 或所属关系引导词结构 whose cover. 因此,答案为 a13 解析：考查

26、先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同意思引导词；定语从句相同意思引导词基本要点,无论限定性仍为非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词；先行词指事物的情形,用引导词which. 此句中,先行词为the classmates and the schoo,l从句为 he had visited、 二者构成的完整句为 he had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不难发觉先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited 的宾语使用,先行词既指人又指物；因此,答案为b14 解析：考查定语从句所属关系引导词；此句先行词为the girl ,定语从句为sist

27、er is a chinese teacher,二者构成的完整句为 the girl's sister is a chinese teacher. 先行词的 's 全部格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语；因此,答案只能为c.定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句中除作从句主宾表成分以外的成分,均为相关意思引导词,其中包括固定关系引导词和随便性关系引导词；固定关系引导词只有 when 时间关系 ,where（地点关系）, why 先行词为 the reason、 缘由关系） whose（所属关系,包括 's 全部格关系和 of 全部格关系,由 whose 修饰的

28、名词成分前不能用冠词成分, whose 应为名词的前置性定语成分） ；随便性关系引导词为相关搭配介词 +which/whom 构成的引导词结构充当；15 解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词；此句中先行词all 为不定代词,从句为is useful to people,从句缺主语,二者构成的完整句为all is useful to people. 为了便于懂得,all =all the things/ everything.所以从句的完整句仍可以写成everything is useful to people;或 all the things are useful to

29、people.因此,答案为b16 解析：考查定语从句随便性关系引导词；此句先行词为a place、 从句为 they had never paid a visit before、 二者构成的完整句为 they had never paid a visit to the place before. 因此,答案为d ；此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查,题干为we came to a place they had never visited before.其答案可以为which/that/ 省略引导词；17 解析： 考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量； 此句中, thos

30、e 为定语从句的先行词, 相当于 those students/clerks、 finished diong it 为定语从句成分, 从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词； 主语指人, 用一般引导词 who、 引导词数量与先行词一样为复数； 因此, 答案为 a19 解析：考查完整的定语从句；此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语,先行词相同意思用引导词充当,先行词指人；因此,答案为 a20 解析：考查定语从句相关意思引导词；此句先行词theschool、 定语从句 my father once worked、 二者构成的完整句o 为my father once worked in the school. in