中西体态语差异的文化透析对比研究

1、华a讼夂a contrastive analysis of body language inchinese and english from the perspective ofculture中西体态语差异的文化透析对比研究学生姓名专 业学 号学 院班 级指导老师职 称abstractas one of the most common nonverbal languages，body language is an essential approach to express our thought and feelings. as with verbal language，body langua

2、ge is also the part of culture. and with the advancement of our society growing along with globalization, cross-cultural communication has gradually been more frequent, and what is more，people have increasingly realized the subtle and profound impact exerted by body language， and the misunderstandin

3、gs in cross-cultural communication, especially the understanding caused by nonverbal language have brought about a growing number of cultural conflicts (birdwhistell，r.l，1952). therefore, in cross-cultural communication, it is crucial to us to acquaint with the speakers body language，such as gesture

4、，facial expression and behaviors in the target culture as well as the function so as to eliminate cultural conflicts and then improve the ability of cross-cultural communication. this paper will give research on body languages in chinese and english from the perspective of culture，and start from the

5、 analysis of similarities and differences of body languages in different part of the world, and then find out the contributing factors, and finally illustrate the crucial function of body language. i hope this paper will offer some reference value for the analysis of body languages and the analysis

6、of cross-cultural communication.key wordsbody language; contrastive analysis; culture摘要体态语是人类交际中最常见的一种非语言交际手段，是人们交流 思想和感情的重要手段。体态语和语言一样，也是文化的一部分。随 着社会的发展和经济全球化，跨文化交往越来越频繁，人们也日益认 识到文化对交流微妙而深刻的影响。在跨文化交际过程中，巾于不同 的文化对非语言行为的不同解释，体态语的意义并不完全相同，往往 会产生误解。因此，在跨文化交际时就必须掌握目标文化说话人的手 势、面部表情、举止等所表示的意思和体态语的功能，从而减少文

7、化 冲突，提高跨文化交际能力。因此，本文就从文化透析角度出来来分 析中西体态语的异同。从分析异同点出发，在找出这些体态语不同的 文化原因，最后指出体态语的重要功能作用，希望本文能对体态语的 相关研究和跨文化交际的研宄提供参考价值。关键词体态语；对比分析；文化contents1.introduction11.1 the significant role of body language in communication11.2 the purpose of this paper11.3 literature review12 the similarities and differences of

8、 body language in chinese andenglish32.1 the similarities42.2 the differences42.2.1 gesture52.2.2 facial expression62.2.3 setting posture72.2.4 eye language73 the reasons of the differences in culture83.1 the differences in religious beliefs83.2 the differences in values93.3 the different social cus

9、toms93.4 the national characteristics104 the crucial role of bodylanguage in cross-culturalcommunication114.1 communicative function124.2 expressive function134.3 symbolic function145 conclusion15acknowledgement错误!未定义书签。references18hia contrastive analysis of body language in chinese andenglish from

10、 the perspective of culturel.introductionmessages have been transferred to another all the time between human beings. during the process of entire communication，the power of language is very weak but most of the time is the body talking. body language is one of the most common non-verbal behaviors i

11、n the course of interpersonal communication and interactions; it includes eye contact，gesture，posture, facial expression, touching behavior and so forth. due to the existence of the cultural differences，the same body language may be interpreted as the different signals and information by those whom

12、are of different cultural background. as a consequence, a little carelessness could cause conflicts in the cross-culture intercourse (sun meiqin，2011). therefore，it is absolutely necessary to understand the importance of body language during communication. this paper starts with the introduction to

13、the significant role of body language and some typical literatures associated with it with an aim to establish a theoretical basis for the later analysis.the significant role of body language in communicationall this time，learning of language for people only emphasizes oral language and written lang

14、uage. however, for means of non-language (body language) communication are not paid much attention to, according to "body effect'1 research of american psychologist albert: information people get is 7% from the text，38% from the language，55% of the autologous state language. it can be seen

15、that the positive role of language and body language is particularly important. the soviet educator kalinin said: "there is no one like the childs eyes can capture all the subtle things. childrens behavior on the teachers behavior has its own unique sensitivity.obviously，body language plays an

16、important role in practical communication and english teaching in primary schools.body language，as its name implies，refers to the meaning of the information expressed by the state of human body. this body language is the movement, expression，posture, eyes and other forms of transmission of informati

17、on. in daily life, the communication function of body language cannot be ignored. good body language not only can enhance the teaching effect of knowledge，but also plays the role of teaching students through the influence of emotion, inspire students to stimulate students non intellectual factors. p

18、ure teaching language is like this and body language known as silent language is more of unique charm.the purpose of this paperthis paper will strive for making a detailed analysis of the body language in chinese and english together with my own opinion on this research object. through the compariso

19、n of the differences as well as similarities of body language in chinese and english，it will lay the stress on the differences. it is widely known that different cultures bring about differences in a variety of aspects. accordingly，this paper will select several kinds of common body language in our

20、daily life to accentuate the differences of body language in chinese and english, therefore，it is clearly to see that the major method in this paper is the comparison method. having analyzed the differences and similarities of the body language in both chinese and english，this paper will find out th

21、e relevant reasons causing the differences and similarities on the basis of the previous research fruits. last but not least，in cross-cultural communication, what kinds of function does body language has is the main innovation point in this paper, which are communicative function, expressive functio

22、n as well as symbolic function. body language penetrates in our daily life，thus the analysis of it is not rather difficult to some extent. besides，globalization shortens the distances between our human beings all over the world，which contributes to the fact that the analysis of body language in diff

23、erent culture is rather conducive, and also it is rather practical.literature reviewthere is no doubt that the completion of one study is inseparable from the accomplishments of predecessors. therefore, this thesis definitely is supposed to have a literature review of the relevant study objects so a

24、s to enrich and cement the analysis of this thesis. the following part is the literature review of the analysis of body language both at home and abroad.as a matter of fact，the study of body language has a much longer history than verbal language for the reason that it occurs in our smile，in our fro

25、wn. just like what ledger bronahan states that human communication is generally divided into three parts: oral，written and body. because of the cultural education of prejudice，most educated people tend to think that the most important written language，spoken times. as for the body，it is the last of

26、the arrangement. in china, as for the definition of body language, hu wenzhong had made an illustration in his book named dictionary of british and american culture that body language is the expression and gesture that could convey communicative information. and furthermore，in his another book named

27、 cross-cultural non-verbal communication (1999)，he gave an introduction of some basic knowledge of non-verbal communication from the perspective of intercultural communication. he explored cultural conflicts as well as differences of customs in chinese and english and the role nonverbal communicatio

28、n played in cross-cultural communication and foreign language teaching. actually，the analysis of body language in china enjoys a long history in ancient china, our famous scholar confucius began to lay heed to nonverbal behavior two thousand years ago. from his perspective，people should take advanta

29、ge of gestures，postures as well as facial expressions to communication with others. bi jiwan believes that in communication， the amount of information provided by the persons appearance and manner is much more than the amount of information provided by the speech.foreign studies of body language can

30、 be broadly divided into three categories: the first category is the study of the origin of body language. it is generally believed that darwin is the father of modern nonverbal communication n. it is works he published in 1872 the people and animals about emotional expression "caused biologist

31、s attention of nonverbal behavior，scholars began to study people in to external stimuli to respond when the speech and non speech connotation. and later，numerous researches related to it were presented based on darwins study. for instance, rl birdwhistelts publication of introduction to body languag

32、e in 1952 and the silent language wrote by edward t. hall in 1959, whose findings all were the continuation of darwins study. famous scholar birdw istle thinks that in meaning and emotion expression means, there are more than 65% by facial expressions，movements, gestures，posture, such as the complet

33、ion of the body. apart from this，nonverbal communication written by loretta a. malandro and larry l. barker in 1980s laid out a more systematic introduction of nonverbal means of communication. some researches in the united states also show that in the expression of emotions and attitudes，language a

34、ccounts for only 7% of communicative behavior，and acoustic harmonic facial expressions for the transmission of information is up to 93%. meanwhile, the study of nonverbal communication began to integrate with other disciplines，such as psychology, sociology and was gradually being extended and applie

35、d to other fields.the similarities and differences of body language in chinese and englishhuman body language has a certain commonality，people with different language barrier，geographical differences and cultural differences can be carried out to a certain extent by the effective exchange of body la

36、nguage. however，the common body language is mainly refers to some congenital action (such as the happy smile, pain cry) and spontaneous action (such as arms in, legs cross)，and more body language is acquired and rooted in the nation's history of social and cultural traditions and religious envir

37、onment, and have their own national characteristics，cultural differences in body language naturally arises (xu chenlu，2011). china has a long history of the ceremonies and also the one with the stabilized and longest feudal central autocratic pattern and the traditional-subject culture. complete feu

38、dal ideas， rigorous hierarchical order，and system of music education and heart-shaped introverted cultural pattern that has influenced chinese people to be modest，sincere, conform，restraint, heavy etiquette, and ethics and with subtle national character. while for english speaking countries，due to t

39、he more developed transportation，the invasion of alien races and frequent migration，its ancient culture is difficult to maintain strong historical continuity, showing a full of change and expansion of multicultural mixed pattern. these countries have earlier defeated autocracy into a modern social s

40、ystem. such historical culture and social conditions enable the english speaking countries to be rich in spirit of adventure, be fond of advocating independence, publicity personality and pay more attention to personal performance， such as the formation of an outward, confident，straightforward，casua

41、l and other national characteristic.the similaritiesthere are many body language behaviors that convey the same meaning all over the world. such as people will make their eyebrows move then greeting，smile when happy and cry when sad, call for help in danger. lets see more examples. making a circle w

42、ith thumb and index finger while extending others is to say its ok. when you lift your forefinger near your lips with the sound hshhhh that shows you want somebody to be silent. i dont know，its a shake or wave. shrug his shoulders and say，hcome here” hand stretched out，palm open down，crooked in the

43、call of all the fingers movement. hand reach people, clenched hand，palm up，with the index finger only move back and forth, you are really shameful!" (half a joke，the index finger of one hand) to extend, the tip of the touch of your face several times faster， similar scratches，but the index fing

44、er of each hands index finger extended, in front of a person's body under the palm of a finger to do a few brushing movements of the index finger back punish yourself to give yourself a slap in the face to the box，to congratulate the applause. clap and bite your fingers. one hand or two hands af

45、ter a meal to open my very full"，gently patted his belly. raised his hand to the throat, fingers straight，palm down or high praise，it is best to play a closed hand，the index finger. nno, don't do that” -move the side of the index finger from the side of the side of the side of the head. tha

46、ts crazy! "he / she is crazy! "move index finger from one side to the other side of the index finger in a circle in front of the ear.the differencesour facial expressions and gestures，legs，feet and torso posture all belong to body language. therefore，from the four aspects of gestures，facia

47、l expressions， setting postures and eye language to make research on the detailed demonstration of chinese and western cultural differences and communication barriers caused thereby(xu chenlu，2011).gesturegesture language is a highly expressive body language，it is not only rich and diverse, but also

48、 is simple and intuitive, so it is used in a wide range in high frequency and with good results (long xiaoming，2010). a good example is the "avalokitesvara” which won the audience favorite song and dance show special award in 2005 cctv spring festival gala, 21 silent girls in the silent world w

49、ith their gestures to the hundreds of millions of viewers to transmit information expressed the blessing of the chinese new year. but in ethnic groups of different countries，there are a lot of gestures and lot of differences. if you do not understand the differences，it is easy to cause communication

50、 barriers. the chinese and the british people have some of the same gestures，but the meaning of the expression is different. chinese people say ”2"，often stretch out middle finger and index finger，anglo american, this gesture said victory (now the china also cited the notation); chinese people

51、said eight out of the index finger and thumb, and british and american people usually use this gesture said ”2. an american who had a business negotiation in shanghai had a beer at the restaurant，and the service asked him to take a few bottles，and the business man extended his index finger and thumb

52、. soon service staff to send eight bottles of beer, the united states businessmen looked stunned.the difference of expressions of numbers between the chinese and english is significant. english-speaking people will break a finger, chinese is bent a finger. english speaking countries，the number of na

53、n stretch out his right index finger，the number ”2” and then stretching the middle finger, the further extension of the ring finger said n3n，plus a small finger said n4h finally stretched out thumb said n5h for the most part，the chinese people counting is starting from the right hand thumb and one f

54、inger bending. the thumb bent said nln，n2n and then bent forefinger，in turn said ”3”， 4"，"5” (wu yaping, 2006) it can also be used in the index finger of the left index finger snapping the right hand index. of course, now there are many methods chinese used to break finger counting. in eng

55、lish speaking countries, said 6” to ”10n must use two hands，that is，with one hand，n5n，the other hand from the ” 1 to ”5". chinese people also use their hands to say h6h to ”10"，but generally only for childrento use.facial expressiondarwin once said: "expressive movements of facial and

56、 body can greatly exert the power of language.” roman roland，a french writer，said: "facial expression is the language of the success of many centuries of culture and is more complex than the mouth to speak the language of thousands of times." indeed，with the help and the use of facial expr

57、essions can better express and convey their thoughts and feelings. but the same facial expressions may have different meanings in different countries. in some western countries，for example，in the blink of an eye，it is interesting to show that，in some parts of china, the blink of an eye is a provocat

58、ion. if you do not understand these differences, it is likely to cause misunderstanding. in china and the english speaking countries，whether smiling or laughing, usually express friendship, approval，satisfaction，happy，happy，but in some occasions，the chinese peoples laughter will cause resentment in

59、the west (long xiaoming，2010). an example of this，in the dining room, a foreigner accidentally fell a plate. he originally felt very embarrassed, and the presence of chinese laughter made him feel more not the taste， and angry，and repulsed.of course，this kind of laughter for chinese，whether to the locals or foreigners， is not to laugh at the people involved and not to gloat but with lots of meanings. it can be interpreted as: "dont be so seriously，"joking it away' "never mind”