2022年2022年英语三大从句综合知识点

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载【考点】高中重点语法 -定语从句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1定语从句的功用和结构；2关系代词和关系副词的功用；3各个关系代词和关系副词的详细用法；【精讲】一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫做定语从句； 被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词 ；定语从句必需放在先行词之后； 引导定语从句的 关联词有关系代词和关系副词；例如： this is the present that he gave me for my birth

2、day.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来； 关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分；关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语；1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一样；例如： i dont like people who talk much but do little.2. 作宾语： she is the person that i met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定语 :关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用； 例

3、如：whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor.4. 作状语 ill never forget the day when i first came to beijing.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的详细用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语；例如： the person who broke the window must pay for it.2. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语；例如： mr lee whom you want to see has come.3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语；例如： t

4、he girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which 指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点例如： a dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5. that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语；例如： i ve readethnewspaper thatwhich carries the important news.6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语；例如： he arrived

5、in beijing on the day when i left.7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语；例如： this is the house where we lived last year.四. 关系代词whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与 which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如：that was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = that was the room which we had lived

6、in for ten years.五. 详细使用时仍要留意以下问题：1. 只能使用 that、不用 which 的情形：(1) 先行词为 all、 few、 little、 nothing、 everything、 anything等不定代词时；例如：all that he said is true.(2) 先行词被 only、 no、 any、 all、等词修饰时； 例如： he is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3) 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰的词；例如：he was the second personthat told

7、 me the secret.(4) 先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词；例如： this is the best book that i have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时；例如： he talked about the people and thethings he remembered.2. 只能用 which,不用 that 的情形：(1) 在非限制性定语从中；例如： the meeting was put off、 which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词 +关系代词引导, 先行词为物时

8、；例如：the thing about whichhe is talking is of great importance.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点高中重点语法之 -状语从句状语从句主要有： 九种时间.地点.缘由.条件.让步.目的.（结果.方式.比较. ）一.时间状语从句1.常见关联词1） . 基本类包括 before、 after、when、 while、as、 since、 till、until、once、 as soon as 等；如：didanyone call when iwas out. 我不在家时谁来过电话吗 .we have knowne

9、ach other since we were children. 我们从小熟悉； you ll feel better after you take the pills.吃完药丸后你会感到好一些； make sure that allthe lightsare offbefore you go to bed.睡觉前肯定要关灯；don tpromise himanything tillwe vehad time to thinkabout it.在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么；2） . 句型类精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载包括 no soonerthan、 hardlywhe

10、n； scarcelywhe等n；如：精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载ihad no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门；hardlywere the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话 刚 说 出口他就开头懊悔了；2.考点1） . when,while ,as 明显都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区分特别大；a.when 可以和连续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while 和 as 只能和连续性动词连用； why do you want

11、a new job when youve got such a good one alread？y （get 为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作,为何仍想再找新的？ sorry, i was out when you called me（ call 为短暂性动词） 对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了； strike while the iron is hot（ is 为连续性动词,表示一种连续的状态） 趁热打铁； the students took notes as they listened （ listen 为连续性动词）同学们边听课边做笔记；2.till .until.not.until

12、的用法the boy didn t smile until he saw his mother not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.it was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.until he saw his mother、 the little boy didn t smile.3.表示 “一.就”的连词1 . once、 as soon as; hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner.than; the minute;

13、the精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点moment; the instant; immediately; directly; instantly 都表示 “一.就” 4）it is/has been +时间段 +since从句（一般过去时）5） while ：1 当时候； 2,然而； 3,尽管,虽然单项练习：1. “you re there、can you get me somsteamps. ” a.asb.whilec.becaused.if2. it's almost three years i last saw her.a. sinceb.whe

14、nc.thatd. after二.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where、 wherever,anywhere、 everywhere引导、地点状语从句常置于主句之后；至于句首,常用逗号隔开,表示强调作用；where i live,there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树许多；wherever i am, i will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你；三.缘由状语从句引 导 词 ： because、 since、 as 和 for 1because 语势最强,用来说明人所不知的缘由,回答why 提出的问题；他可以与强调词 only和

15、just 连用；他可用在it is .that.强调句中i didn't go、 because i was afraid. 2当缘由为显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用 as 或 since；since 有既然的含义, as 引导的缘由状语从句,如强调时仍可以倒装；since /as the weather is so bad、 we have to delay our journey. hard as he studied、 he passed the test with ease.四.条件状语从句连接词主要： if、unless、 as/so long as、 on conditio

16、n that.supposethat/ supposing that、providing/providedthat、in case等；.1.条件状语从句中时态的用法1) 一般现在时表将来unless i am free、 i wont take you to the park.2) if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种；非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述；if i were you、 i would go with him.3主句和条件从句的时态关系i apologize if iyou、 but i assure you it was unintentional. a.offendb.

17、had offendedc.should have offendedd.might have offended 2.unless = if not.let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点if you are not too tied、 let's go out for a walk.you will be late you leave immediately.a. unlessb. untilc. ifd. or五,目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由th

18、at、 so that、 in order that、 lest、 for fear that、 in cas等e 词引导,从句中常有may/might;shall/should;will/would;can/could 等例如：you must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.1.从句一般位于主句后2.lest、 for fear that、 in case引导的目的状语从句, 有时含有否定意思, 意为以免, 以防,生怕better take more clothes in case the weathe

19、r is cold.he wrote the name down for fear thatlest he should forget it.六.让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词though、 although,even though、 even if 1.though 和 although留意： 当有 though、 although时,后面的从句不能有but,但为 though 和 yet/still可连用although it's raining、 they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活；he is very old

20、、 but he still works very hard.虽然他很老, 但仍旧努力地工作；though the sore be healed、 yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了；（谚语）典型例题 she is young、 she knows quite a lot.a. whenb.asc. whiled. unless 2as、 though 引导的倒装句as / though 引导的让步从句必需表语或状语提前（形容词.副词.分词.实义动词提前）；child as /though he was、 he knew what was the right

21、thing to do.= though he was a small child、 he knew what was the right thing to do. 留意：a.倒装时,句首名词不能带任何冠词；b.倒装时,句首为实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后；假如实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前；try hard as he will、 henever seemsable to do the work satisfactorily.= though he tries hard、 he never seems虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意；3. ever if、 even

22、 though.即使we'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4. whetheror. 不管都whether you believe it or not、 it is true.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点5."no matter +疑问词 "或" 疑问词 +后缀 ever"no matter what happened、 he would not mind. whatever happened、 he would not mind.替换： no mat

23、ter what = whateverno matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however留意： no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句；（错） no matter what you say is of no use now.（对） whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了；whatever you say 为主语从句 （错） prisone

24、rs have to eat no matter what they're given、（对） prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么；6） while 引导的状语从句 、意为“尽管”while i agree with your point of view、 i can not accept it.七.结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat 或 suchthat 引导,从句中一般没有情态动词,且从句都要放在主句后,把握这两个句型,第一要明白so 和 such 与其后的词的搭配规律；1比较： so 和

25、 such其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性打算； such 为形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 为副词,只能修饰形容词或副词；so 仍可与表示数量的形容词many、 few、 much、 little 连用,形成固定搭配；sothat 与 suchthat 之间的转换既为so 与 such之间的转换；the boy is so young that he can't go to school. he is such a young boy that he can't go to school2.结果状语从句可倒装so fast dose light travel tha

26、t it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 3.so that 引导的结果状语从句和目的状语从句的区分he turned the radio up、so that everyone heared the news he turned the radio up、so that everyone might hear the news八.方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as、 just asso、 as if、 as th,outhgeh way 等引导；1. as、 just as引导so的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在just ass结o构中位

27、于句首,这时as 从句带有比如的含义,意思为" 正如","就像" ,多用于正式文体,例如：always do to the others as you would be done by. 你期望人家怎样待你, 你就要怎样待人；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点as water is to fish、 so air is to man.我们离不开空气,如同鱼儿离不开水；just as we sweep our rooms、 so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打

28、扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西；2. the way 在考试中的运用；eg:i don't like you speak to her.a. the wayb. the way in thatc. the way whichd. the way of which九.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as 或 than 引起,；这类从句和大多数状语从句不同,它们不修饰动词,而为修饰as,so,less,more 等副词,或其他比较级的词, she is as tall as i （ or me ）he works as hard as his brother （ does）as

29、.as.he woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.他醒来得和入睡一样突然；第一个 as 为副词 i have never seen so much rain as fell that february.我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨； 否定结构常用soas、 也可用as. asthanman developed earlier than people think.人类的显现比人们所想的要早；he moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢；高中重点语法 -名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词

30、作用的句子叫名词从句noun clauses）； 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 、 它在复合句中能担任主语. 宾语.表语.同位语.介词宾语等, 因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句. 宾语从句.表语从句和同位语从句；一.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that、 whether、 if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词： what、 whatever、 who、 whoever、 whom、whose、 which.连接副词： when、 where、 how、 why不行省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词

31、不行省略；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名师总结优秀学问点that she had won the first place made us very happy. we heard the news that our team had won.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it 充当形式主语；it is not important who will go.it is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 名词性 that-从句1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句； that 只起连接

32、主句和从句的作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身也没有词义； 名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主 语.宾语.表语.同位语和形容词宾语,例如：主语： that he is still alive is sheer luck.他仍活着全靠运气；宾语： john said that he was leaving for london on wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去；表语： the fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实为近来谁也没有见过他；同位语：the fact that he has not been seen rec

33、ently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室全部的人担心；2） that-从句作主语通常用it 作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如：it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清晰,整个方案注定要失败；it's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不行真为件憾事；用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. it + be +形容词 + that-从句it is necessary that有必要it is important