2022年2022年高一英语语法—直接引语和间接引语人教版知识精讲

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载高一英语语法直接引语和间接引语人教版【本讲训练信息 】一. 教学内容：语法直接引语和间接引语【详细教学过程】观看以下句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换,试着归纳总结其变化规律；1. he said、 “ imgoing to beijing. ” he said that he was going to beijing.2. he asked、 “are you a teacher.” he asked me if / whether i was a teacher.3. she said、 “what are you doing. ” she asked me

2、what i was doing.4. “what a lovely girl she is. ”they said. they said that she was a lovely girl.5. “ followme、”she said to me. she told me to follow her.6. “can you lend me a hand.”he asked. he asked me to lend him a hand.7. he said、 “lets stay here till tomorrow. ” he suggested that we should stay

3、 there till the next day.*直接引述别人的话,叫“直接引语”；用自己的话转述别人的话,叫“间接引语”；间接引语在多数情形下构成宾语从句 ；直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号；1. 陈述句直接引语假如为陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词引导（that 在口语中常省略） ,从句中的人称.时态.指示代词.时间状语.地点状语等要作相应的变化；在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相像之处,因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特殊留意句子的意义；（ 1）人称的变化he said、 “i m going to beijing. ”他说：“我要去北京； ” he said that h

4、e was going to beijing.他说他要去北京；he said to me、 “i broke your cd player. ”他对我说：“我把你的播放器摔坏了；” he told me that he had broken my cd player .他告知我说他把我的播放器摔坏了；（ 2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词为一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词为现在时,从句的时态就无需变化；she often says、 “mr. liu is an honest man. ” she often says that mr. li

5、u is an honest man.直接引语变间接引语时的时态变化：he said、 “ imafraid i cant finish the work. ” he said that he was afraid he couldntfinish the work. he said、 “ imusing the knife. ” he said that he was using the knife.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载she said、 “ ivenot heard from him since may. ” she said that shehad not he

6、ard from him since may. he said、 “ciame to help you. ” he said that he had come to help me.he said、 “hiad finished my homework before supper. ” he said that he had finished his homework before supper. she said、 “ill do it after class. ” she said that shewould do it after class.注：直接引语假如为客观真理,变为间接引语时,

7、时态不变；如：he said、 “light travels much faster than sound. ” he said that light travels much faster than sound.3 指示代词.时间状语.地点状语和动词的变化she said、 “ ill finish the workthis morning. ” she said that she would finish the workthat morning. these those、here there he said、 “it s nine oclock now.” he said that it

8、 was nine o clock then.today that day、yesterday the day before、tomorrow the next / following day she said、 “he left 30minutes ago.” she told me that he had left 30 minutes before.she said、 “ ill come here this evening.” she said that she would go there that evening.注：假如在当地转述,here 不必改为there,动词 come 不

9、必改为go；假如在当天转述, today、 yesterday、 tomorrow 等时间状语也不必转变；2. 疑问句直接引语假如为疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面）,主语的人称.时态和状语等也要作相应的变化；（ 1）一般疑问句：直接引语假如为一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether 或 if引导；主句中的谓语动词为said 时,要改为asked；没有间接宾语的,可以加一个间接宾语（me、 him或us 等）；如：he said、 “are you interested in english. ” he asked me if/whether i

10、was interested in english.（ 2）特殊疑问句：直接引语假如为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原先的疑问词引导；如：“how can i help her. ”he asked me. he asked me how he could help her.3. 祈使句转述祈使句时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式,并在不定式的前面依据句子的意思加上tell、 ask、 order 等动词；另外,在直接引语中的称呼,一般用来作动词的宾语, 其句型为： tell / ask /order someone not to do something.假如祈使句为否定式,在不

11、定式的前面加上not；如：“ donsmtoke in the room、 ”he said to me. he told me not to smoke in the room.注： 转述 let s 开头的表示建议.劝说等含义的祈使句时,可以用“ suggest + that 从精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载句”或“ suggest doing” 结构； 转述句型“ can/could you.will/would you”时,动词多用ask；如： “would you turn down your tv a little、 mary.”tom said to her. t

12、om asked mary to turn down her tv a little.4. 感叹句转述感叹句时,用that 引导宾语从句,语序用陈述句语序；如： “what a hot day. ”he said. he said that it was a hot day.即学即用：1. sarah told me that she there .a. will go 、 todayb. would go、 the next dayc. is going、 the following dayd. is going、 tomorrow2. my e-pal in america sent an

13、 e-mail to me and asked in my new school.a. how i was getting on with my studyb. how are you getting on with your studyc. how am i getting on with my studyd. how was i getting on with my study3. father asked .a. what was wrong with meb. what s wrong with mec. what wrong was with med. what wrong had

14、with me4. i wonder why jenny to us recently. we should have heard from her by now.a. hasnt writtenb. doesnt writec. won t writed. hadn t written5. he said that many soldiers gave their lives in the war、 and we should always remember them.a. thatb. c. whend. which6. our math teacher told me with my c

15、lassmates in class.a. not talkb. don t talkc. not talkingd. not to talk7. when asked they needed most、 the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.a. whatb. whichc. whomd. that 8. the companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21 st centur

16、y.a. whichb. thatc. whatd. who答案： baaaadacunit 3 预习导学（一）重点单词.短语预习：单词：considervt. 考虑,照料,认为meansn. 手段,方法transportationn. 运输,运输boardvt.上（船.车.飞机等） experiencen. & vt. 体验,经受,体会精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载simpleadj. 简洁的vacationn. 假期,休假naturen. 自然,自然界,本性basicadj. 基本的n. 基本,要素equipmentn.装备,设备poisonousadj.有毒的,有

17、害的,恶毒的normaladj. 正常的,正规的,标准的n.正规,常态excitementn. 刺激,兴奋,兴奋 adventurousadj. 喜爱冒险的,布满危急的 similarityn. 类似,类似处particularadj. 特殊的,特殊的separateadj. 单独的,分开的vt. 分开,隔离combinevt.&vi. （使）联合,结合短语：to experience life体验生活get away from逃离be/get close to接近,靠近watch out for当心,留意,提防 protect sb./sth. from/against爱护免于 as

18、 with正如,正像go no a holiday去度假be off to外出（去）see sb. off给某人送行say “hi/hello ”to sb. for me代我向某人问好as well as也,仍,而且combinewith把和结合起来on the other hand另一方面（二）观看以下句子中现在进行时的使用,试着归纳总结其用法：1. how are you getting to the airport. is anybody seeing you off .你准备怎么去机场？有人送你吗？2. the president is leaving for a visit to

19、america next month.下个月总统要去拜访美国；3. we are having an english evening tonight.今晚我们要开一个英语晚会；4. how long are you staying in xi an.你将在西安待多久？总结：现在进行时表将来【模拟试题】（答题时间： 60 分钟）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载 . 句型转换：依据上句完成下句,使上下句意思相同或相近；1. “i will remember this lesson forever、 ”said bob.bob said that remember lesson for

20、ever.2. she asked john、 “where are you going for your holidays. ”she asked john going for holidays.3. mother asked her daughter、 “have you finished all the homework. ”mother asked her daughter finished all the homework.4. my father asked、 “how can you solve the problem. ”my father asked me solve the

21、 problem.5. the teacher said 、 “the earth moves around the sun.” the teacher said around the sun.6. “please take off your shoes、”the waitress said to us.the waitress take off shoes.7. “could you turn down your tv a little.”she said. she me turn down tv a little.8. “don t be so proud、 bob、 ”said mr.

22、white.mr. white bob so proud.9. my father said to me、“do be careful when you walk across the road. ”my father told me careful when across the road. . 单项填空：1. your mother told me that you to see a film with your sisters yesterday.a. are goingb. goc. will god. went2. the mother asked her son all his e

23、-mails.a. if he has checkedb. whether he had checkedc. if had he checkedd. that he had checked3. can you tell me .a. who is that gentlemanb. that gentleman is whoc. who that gentleman isd. whom is that gentleman4. they want to know do to help us.a. what can theyb. what they canc. how they cand. how

24、can they5. the girl asked if they some food and drink with them.a. tookb. takec. takesd. will take6. the officer ordered this man .a. not to moveb. don t movec. didn t moved. not moving7. they can t understand quite a number of people are going abroad.a. thatb. asc. whyd. when8. would you please tel

25、l me is good at typing.a. thatb. whoc. whomd. what9. i think it s going to be a big problem yes、 it could be. i wonder we can do about it.a. ifb. howc. whatd. that10. as soon as he comes back、 i ll tell him when and see him.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. you will comeb. will you comec. you comed. do you

26、come* .完形填空：when pat jones finished college、 she decided to travel around the worldand see as many foreign places as she could 1 she was young. pat wanted to visit latin america 2 、 so she got a job 3 an english teacher in a school in bolivia. pat spoke a little spanish、 4_she was able to communicat

27、e with her students even when they didn t 5_ much english.a sentence she has read somewhere stuck in her mind:ifyou dream 6a foreign language、 you have really mastered 把握 it. pat repeated this sentence to her students and 7_ that some day she would dream in spanish and they would dream in _8 _.one d

28、ay、 one of her _9 students came up and explained in spanish that he had not done his homework. he had 10 _ early、 and had slept 11 _.“what does this have to do with your 12 . ”pat asked.“idreamed all night 、 miss jones、 and my dream was in english. ”“in english. ”pat was very 13 _、 since he was such

29、 a bad student. she was _14 secretly jealous 嫉妒的 . her 15 was still not in spanish. but she encouraged 勉励 her young student、 “well、 16 me about your dream. ”“all the people in my dream 17 english、”the student said. “and all the signs were in english. all the newspapers and magazines and all the tv p

30、rograms were in english.“thats 18 _、”said pat. “what did all the people say to you. ”“ imsorry、 miss jones. that s 19 islept so badly. i didnt 20 a word they said. it was a nightmare 噩梦 . ”1. a. becauseb. whilec. ifd. since2. a. firstb. at firstc. lastd. at last3. a. forb. ofc. asd. like4. a. andb.

31、butc. sod. yet5. a. sayb. knowc. readd. write6. a. inb. aboutc. ofd. for7. a. thoughtb. realizedc. hopedd. wanted8. a. englishb. spanishc. russiand. german9. a. brightb. excellentc. bestd. worst10. a. got upb. gone to bedc. fallen asleepd. woken up11. a. wellb. soundlyc. badlyd. heavily12. a. englis

32、hb. languagec. dreamd. homework13. a. surprisedb. worriedc. pleasedd. excited14. a. yetb. seldomc. alsod. still15. a. studyb. classc. workd. dream16. a. answerb. writec. telld. ask17. a. readb. likedc. spoked. learned18. a. wonderfulb. terriblec. funnyd. strange19. a. howb. whyc. whend. because20. a

33、. hearb. understandc. knowd. remember . 阅读懂得：精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载（一）a man named li went on a fishing holiday. fishing was his favorite sport、 and he had many prizes for fish he had caught.this summer the weather was beautifuland the fishingwas supposed to be good 、 so he decided to travel around

34、the country、 spending a few days fishing in each of the rivers.unfortunately、 he didn t have much luck、 and he caught only a few small fish. he was quitedisappointed and was going to go back home when he heard of a large river that was full of fish nearby.he found the river quite easily and followed

35、 it through the country to a place where it flowed through 流经 a farm. he decided to ask the farmer s permission 许可 to fish in the river.“you have my permission、 ”the farmer said、“but you should be careful. for years i sopped my kids from going near that river. ”“is the river dangerous. ”li asked.“it

36、 s not the river、 ”the farmer said、 “it s the fish. they re huge. they re so big that my kids couldn t hold them. ”li was very excited. allfishermen want to catch reallybig fish. “how big are they . ”he asked.“well、 ”the farmer told him、“last week i lost one over three feet long、 and yesterday i los

37、tone over four feet long. ”“what bad luck、 ”li said. “ihate losing a big fish once i ve hooked 钩住 it. ” “who s talking about losing a fish. ”the farmer said. “its two of my kids that i lost. ”1. what did the fisherman want to ask the farmer.a. how long the river was.b. where the nearest river was.c.

38、 for permission to fish in the river.d. if the farmer had permission to fish in the river2. for years the farmer had stopped his children from .a. fishing in the riverb. talking to strangersc. holding fishd. going close to the river3. li want to .a. catch a big fishb. hold the farmer s kidsc. stop t

39、he farmer s kids from disturbing the fishd. measure the fish4. what happened to the farmer s two children.a. they got lost near the river.b. they were killed by the fish.c. they were fishing.d. they were late. 二the united states is full of cars. there are still many families without cars、 but some f

40、amilies have two or more . however、 cars are used for more than pleasure. they are a necessary part of life.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载cars are used for business. they are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. when salesmen are sent to different parts of

41、the city、 they have to drive in order to carry their products. farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.sometimes small children must be driven to school. in some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile away from the school. when the children are too young towalktoo far、 their mothers take turns drivingthem to school. one mother drives on mondaystaking her own children and theneighbors children as