中考英语介词讲解及练习

1、（一）（一）介词介词介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。（二）（二）介词的用法介词的用法 作定语: 介词短语在句中作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。e.g. he is the monitor of class four.他是四班班长。 作状语：介词短语作状语，用来修饰句中的动词。e.g. we do eye exercises at nine every morn

2、ing.我们每天上午九点钟做眼保健操。注意：在含有介词短语作状语的句子中，状语按照先地点（由小到大） ，再方式，最后时间（由小到大）的顺序排列。e.g. he arrived in paris by air at 9:00.他9点钟乘飞机到了巴黎。 作表语: 介词短语作表语时往往与连系动词一起使用。e.g. it sounds like fun.这听起来很有趣。（三）（三）介词的分类介词的分类1. in, at, on 与表示时间、地点的词连用与表示时间、地点的词连用表示时间时，in 后接表示一段时间的词，如：年、月、星期、四季或 morning, afternoon,evening (注意：

3、 noon, night 前用 at)， 但当 morning 或 sunday 等前有 this, that, next, last 等词修饰时，一般不用介词。at 多用于钟点时刻前，所表示的时间大多比较短暂。e.g. at a quarter to eleven在10:45on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。e.g. on mid-autumn day 在中秋节on june 2nd 在六月二日表示地点时，in 与表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方的词连用。e.g. in shanghai在上海in china在中国at 用于小地点前。in 表示“在里面、内部、某一范

4、围内”，on 表示“在上”。e.g. at the desk 在桌子旁on the tree 表示树上长的东西“在树上”。in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”。on the wall 表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。2. in, to, on 与表示方位的词连用与表示方位的词连用in 表示在某地区范围之内；to 表示在某地区范围以外；表示与某地接壤用 on。e.g. shanghai is in the east of china.上海位于中国东部。japan is to the east of china.日本在中国的东边。the

5、pacific ocean is on the east of china.太平洋在中国的东边。3. between 和和 among 表示表示“在在中间中间”between 表示两者之间; among 表示在三者或三者以上之间。e.g. mike sits between peter and me. 迈克坐在彼得和我之间。his parents were among those people.他的父母在那些人中间。4. with 和和 in 表示表示“用用”表示“用工具”用 with; 表示“用材料、语言、声音”用 in。e.g. please write with a pen. 请用钢笔写

6、。say it in english, please. 请用英语说。5. across 和和 through 表示表示“穿过穿过”的区别的区别两者都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across 含有“从表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用 across; through 含有“从内部穿过”之意。e.g. the train is running through the tunnel.火车正穿过隧道。the train is running across the bridge. 火车正穿过大桥。6. but, besides 和和 except 表示表示“除了除了”but 表示“除之外”，常与有

7、否定意义的词连用;except 表示“除之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除 except 所带人或物，前面常有 all, every, any, no 及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except 却没有排斥性；besides 表示“除了之外（还有）”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上 besides 除外的人或物，其前常有 another, other, any other, a few 等词。e.g. weve had nothing but trouble with this car.我们这辆车净出毛病。she knows nothing except english.她除了英语之外，什么也不懂。

8、we all went to visit the zoo except li lei.除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。li lei also went to the park besides you.除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。（四）（四）介词与其他词类的搭配介词与其他词类的搭配1名词与介词的搭配a bit of 有一点儿a couple of 两个、几个a kind of 一种、一类cover an area of 占地面积have pity on sb.怜悯某人huge amounts of 大量的make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 拿开玩笑meet the

9、needs of 迎合的需要one after another 一个接一个；连续地play a trick on 捉弄the week after next 下下周2动词与介词的搭配agree with sb.同意某人的意见apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉arrive at/in a place 到达某地ask for 请求、寻求be covered with 被所覆盖be made of 由制成be made up of 由组成belong to 属于break into 破门而人、闯入call on 拜访care for 照顾、喜欢carry out 执行

10、check in 办理登机come across 被理解；遇见come from 出生于、来自come on 跟我来、走吧communicate with 与交cut down 砍倒deal with= do with 处理depend on= rely on 依靠、依赖die of 因病而死dream of 梦见dress up 穿着、打扮eat up= finish off 吃光、喝完、吞噬enter for 报名参加fall off 从跌落fill in 填充、填写find out 找出、查明、了解get along/on with 进展、与相处get in the way 挡道get

11、in 进入、收集get on 上车get off 下车get rid of 摆脱get ready for 为作准备get to 到达get tired of 对感到厌倦go in for 参加、从事于、酷爱 ，go ahead 先走、向前走；去吧go for a swim 去游泳go on a diet 实行节食go over 复习go on with 继续做某事grow up 长大、成长hand in 上交hear from 收到的来信hear of 听说help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事hold on 等等（别挂电话）hold up 举起hurry off 匆忙离开joi

12、nn 参加、加入keep. from 使不做keep in touch with 与保持联系keep off 阻挡；不让接近knock over 撞倒、撞翻later on 过来；后来laugh at 嘲笑learn., from 向学习leave for 动身去let out 放出line up 整队；排成行live on 靠为生look after 照顾；照料look at 看；观看look for 寻找look forward to 期待着look like 看上去像；显得look out of 从朝外看look up 查寻；抬头看make out 辨认出make up ones min

13、d 下决心meet with 遭遇operate on sb.为动手术pay for 付钱pick out 拾起play with 玩弄point at 指向；指着point out 指出praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人prefer. to(比起来)更喜欢prepare for 准备protect. from 保护免受pull down 推倒put off 延期put on 穿；戴上；上演put out 伸出put up 举起；挂起run after 追捕；追踪run away 逃跑search for 搜寻；搜查see off 为送行sell out 售完set out/

14、off for 出发去；起程去set up 建立；设立shake hands with 与握手share with 与分享show off 炫耀show sb around 带某人参观shut up 住口speed up 加快速度stop.from 阻止做take away 拿走take care of 照料take charge of 负责；管理；take hold of 抓住take in 吸入take off 脱掉（衣物等） ；起飞take out 取出take part in 参加take up 开始从事talk about 谈到talk to/with 与.谈话tell. from

15、区别；分辨think of 想起；想到think over 仔细考虑throw away 扔掉tie up 捆绑try on 试穿turn down（把音量）调低turn into 变成turn off 关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）turn on 开，旋开（电灯、电视、收音机等）turn over 翻车；翻阅；翻身turn out 结果是；证明是wake up 醒来；叫醒wait for 等待；等候write down 写下work out 算出；制定出3. 形容词与介词的搭配be afraid of 害怕be angry with 生气be bad for 有害于be busy with 忙

16、于be careful with 小心be different from 与不同be familiar to 为所熟悉be famous for 以而闻名be fond of 爱好be good at/poor at 擅长be interested in 对感兴趣be keen on 喜爱be late for迟到be located in/on/at 位于be pleased with 对满意be proud of 为而感到自豪be ready for 为做准备be surprised at 对感到惊奇be thankful to 对很感激be used to 习惯于be worried a

17、bout 为而担心far away from 离遥远plenty of 许多4.其他介词1）表示时间的介词after school 放学后at first 起先，开始的时候at once=in no time 立刻；马上at present 现在；目前at the same time 同时at the moment 此时；当时；目前；那时from now on 从此以后from time to time 不时；有时in a minute 一会儿in ones fifties 在某人五十多岁时in the end=at last 最后；终于in the future 在将来in the year

18、s to come 在即将来临的几年中in time 及时out of date 过时2）表示事物之间位置的介词at school 在学校；在上课at work 在工作in front of 在前面in hospital 住院in line 成一排；成一直线in the middle of 在中间next to 紧挨着；紧靠着on ones side 在某人一边on the right 在右边on the other hand 另一方面on show 在展出out of 从里出来；缺乏over there 在那边up and down 上上下下3）表示方式、手段的介词by bus 乘公共汽车b

19、y oneself 亲自by phone= on the phone 打电话by the way 顺便说；顺便问一下in a hurry 匆忙in english 用英语in ones opinion 根据某人的看法in return 作为回报instead of 代替；而不是in surprise 惊奇地in this way 这样on business 有事；出差on foot 步行；走路on holiday 在休假on the/ones way to 在去的路上with great care 非常小心with one voice 异口同声with ones own eyes 亲眼 （目睹

20、）with the help of 在的帮助下4)表示原因、目的的介词because of 因为in order to 为了for example 例如with pleasure 愉快地5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词according to 按照after all 终究；毕竟belong to 属于in all 总共in charge of 负责in fact 事实上in trouble 处于困境中not at all一点也不；根本不of course 当然the sameas 与同样（五）（五）介词练习介词练习1. we traveled overnight to paris and ar

21、rived _ 5 oclock _ themorning.a. on; inb. at; inc. at; ond. in; on2. wheres lily? we are all here _ her.a. besideb. aboutc. exceptd. with3. she sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present.a. onb. asc. ford. of4. jack has studied chinese in this school _ the year of 2000.a. sinceb. inc. ond. by5.

22、 -what is a writing brush, do you know?-its _ writing and drawing.a. withb. toc. ford. by6. english is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world.a. tob. forc. asd. by7. _ the help of my teacher, i caught up with the other students.a. underb. inc. withd. on8. hong kong is _ the

23、south of china, and macao is _ the west ofhong kong.a. in; tob. to; toc. to; ind. in; in9. -youd better not go out now. its raining.-it doesnt matter. my new coat can keep _ rain.a. inb. ofc. withd. off10. japan lies _ the east of china.a. tob. inc. aboutd. at11. china lies _ the east ofasia and _ t

24、he north ofaustralia.a. to; tob. in; toc. to; ind. in; on12. _ the afternoon of march 8, the women in the city had a big party.a. tob. inc.atd. on13. wheres lily? we are all here _ her.a. besidesb. aboutc. exceptd. with14. mum, today is mothers day. mike and i want to invite you to have dinner_ us a

25、t shanghai restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood.a. with; ofb. with; forc. for; tod. to; for15. he has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _.a. on; tob. /; withc. on; /d. /; to16. english is widely used _ travelers and business people all over theworld.a. tob. forc. asd. by17.its kind _ you

26、 to come to see me.its a pleasure. you were so kind _ me.a. of; withb. for; withc. of; tod. for; to18.is the manager in?sorry, he is out. but he will be back _ three oclock.a. inb. onc. untild. before19. _ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.a. atb. beforec. sinced

27、. by20.bob, you are wanted _ the phone.thanks a lot.a. onb. byc. ofd. for21. the soil is made _ the dead leaves of the trees.a. up ofb. ofc. fromd. by22. the writer often sat up far into the night working _ a new novel.a. forb. onc. withd. in23. you must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus.a.

28、on; inb. in; forc. in; ond. on; for24. its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the world cup.a. for; ofb. of; forc. to; ford. of; to25. we should do something to stop sandstorms _ happening again andagain.a. fromb. onc. byd. to26. the foreigners arrived _shanghai _ night.a. atatb. inatc. in. ind. at. in27. wushu is becoming more and more popular _ westerners.a. amongb. betweenc. ind.within28._thehelpoftheteachers,wedecorated.ourclassroom_lanterns,flowers and pictures yesterday.a.under.witho