《【中考命题研究】（怀化）2020中考英语 语法专题突破 专题八 动词（无答案）》

1、专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词词义辨析202038动词词义辨析call/pay/bring1分39动词词义辨析hate/dislike/love1分202033动词词义辨析make/buy/sell1分202028情态动词词义辨析may/must/can1分31动词词义辨析call/send/help1分35动词词义辨析shouted/smiled/cried1分202031动词词义辨析leave/stop/give1分38动词词义辨析buying/borrowing/selling1分39动词词义辨析took/paid/co

2、st1分202027情态动词词义辨析might be/may be/can't be1分33动词词义辨析stop/begin/keep1分37动词词义辨析came/died/arrived1分39动词词义辨析laugh/dance/cry1分29非谓语动词辨析doing/do/to do1分怀化中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及情态动词和非谓语动词及动词时态。完形填空中主要涉及实义动词词义辨析而短文填词中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。预计2020中考怀化单选仍会从情态动词，非谓语动词，动词时态方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。,怀化中考重难点突破动词的分类实义动词是否接宾语及物

3、动词不及物动词是否延续性延续性动词短暂性动词系动词助动词情态动词动词分类【考点抢测】()1._ everyone here today？now let's begin the meeting.abebarecis()2.he _ pale at the meeting this morning.agot blooked cturned()3.i _ go to bed until i finished my work.adon't bdid cdidn't()4.he said that he dropped his bag when he _ running for

4、the bus.awas bwere care()5.he _ an english club last year and has made great progress in english.aprotected bproducedcjoined()6.if you want to change the world，you have to _ yourself first.aenjoy bcheck cchange()7.the man over there _ be mr. smith.he has gone to hong kong.amust bmay ccan't()8.ac

5、cording to the new traffic law，everyone in a car _ wear the belt.acan bmay cmust【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂

6、性动词。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：he reached canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：they asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。i saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词

7、间接宾语直接宾语。如：i will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。i am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作

8、及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：we study english.我们学习英语。(及物)we study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)the little girl is singing an english song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物)the little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物)(2)系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态。am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。kee

9、p，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词。look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：it's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。

10、此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题

11、的第三节情态动词)2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式。be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加­s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加­es。gogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加­es。flyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加­ed。workworkedstaystayed在以­e结尾的

12、动词后只加­d。closeclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加­ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加­ed。stopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加­ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加­ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加­ing。sitsittingd

13、igdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加­ing。diedyinglielying动词辨析【考点抢测】一、词语运用joinwearsmellcost1we need to buy a computer that _ least and has the best quality.2why are you _ a t­shirt？you'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3mom，this kind of fruit _ nice.i'd like to

14、taste one.二、单项选择()4.you are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on qq so the other person doesn't get bored.asuggestedbsupportedcsupposed()5.his family are worried about him because they haven't _ letters from him for a long time.aaccepted breceivedcwritten()6.daisy is such a good d

15、aughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.aspends bcostsctakes()7.try to _do not depend on your dictionary all the time.aknow bachievecguess()8.don't forget to _ “thank you！”when someone helps you.atalk btellcsay()9.the roof of the house needs repairing.it's raining now，you&

16、#39;d better get something to _ rain drops.acontrol bcoverccatch()10.(2020常德中考模拟试题)oh，it _ so nice.what beautiful music it is!asmells bsoundsctastes()11.i really enjoy the noodles and vegetables.they _ delicious.astay bfeelctaste【满分点拨】分析怀化近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是怀化中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，情态动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空

17、中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。第二节动词短语,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词短语202035动词短语辨析went past/went into/ came out of1分202037动词短语辨析took it off/cut it up/put it on1分202037动词短语辨析went away/fell down/took out1分怀化中考对动词短语的考查主要集中在完形填空，从2020年起，怀化中考开始在完形填空中对动词短语进行考查，以后每年出一道动词短语的同义辨析题。预测2020年怀化中考完形填空仍会考查动词短语辨析。,怀化中考重

18、难点突破【考点抢测】()1.it's hot today，isn't it?yes，it is.why not _ your jacket?atake carebtake placectake off()2.to keep healthy，many people _ every day.atake a shower btake pridectake exercise()3.(2020怀化中考模拟)i have _ my watch everywhere.but i cannot find it.alooked at blooked upclooked for()4.again

19、and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.alooked over blooked afterclooked for()5.there aren't many tickets left for the concert，so you'd better _ that you get one today.amake sure of bmake a decisioncmake sure()6.the firemen soon _ the

20、 big fire.aput off bput upcput out()7.(2020永州中考模拟)the olympic games of 2020 will _ in brazil.atake after btake offctake place()8.we'll _ an english play snow white during this year's art festival.alook up blook outcput on()9.because of the bad weather，we have to _ the meeting till next week.

21、atake off bget offcput off()10.my bike is broken.could you help me to _？afix it up bset it upcmake it up()11.the heavy snow didn't _ the international airlines.apay attention tobadd tocmake a difference to()12.this morning i _ some new restaurants on the internet for i wanted to take mia to a ni

22、ce restaurant for her birthday.apicked up blooked upccleaned up()13.(2020怀化三中模拟)alice，could you help me _ the meat？i want to make some dumplings for dinner.ok.i'll do it right away.aput up bgive upccut up()14.don't _ so often.it's bad for your health.aget up bstay upclook up()15.he faile

23、d in the math test and looks sad.let's _.aput him up bset him upccheer him up()16.(2020怀化中考模拟试题)more and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it.acomplain about bcare aboutclearn about()17.it's cold outside._ your sweater before you go out.aput on bturn oncput up()1

24、8.the people in ya'an have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't _ hope.apicked up bgiven upclooked for()19.i am too tired.i don't know how to _ the problem.acare about bdeal withcdepend on【满分点拨】动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词

25、义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆及动词短语词义的辨析并恰当运用动词短语的能力。分析怀化近5年中考真题可看出完形填空对动词短语的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一动词不同介词；(2)不同动词同一介词；(3)不同动词不同介词。a同一动词不同介词。如：get短语：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短语：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn downb不同动词同一介词。如：cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake u

26、pc不同动词不同介词。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down第三节情态动词,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值情态动词基本用法202028情态动词must表推测may/must/can1分202027情态动词can't表推测might be/may be/can't be1分怀化中考对情态动词的考查不多，仅在2020年和2020年单项选择考查了情态动词must，can't表推测，且对情态动词的基本用法没涉及。预计2020年怀化中考单项选择可能会出现一道考查情态动词表推测的题。,怀化中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1

27、.there's only one day to go.you _ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.acanbwillcmust()2.(2020娄底中考模拟)excuse me，sir.you _ open the door before the train stops.amustn't bneedn'tcmay not()3.honey，stay home before i return.i _，mom.amust bcancwill()4.it _ be my book.my book has a signature of m

28、ine.aneedn't bmustn'tccan't()5.that t­shirt _ be expensive because it's designed by a famous designer.acan't bmustn'tcmust【满分点拨】情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和实意动词一起构成谓语。常见情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能、会”。sam can speak english well.sam英语讲得很好。表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问

29、句。she can't be at home now because i saw her out.她现在不可能在家，因为我看见她出去了。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。can i borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？couldcan的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。lang lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的时候钢琴就弹得非常好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求could i have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”。you must fi

30、nish your homework first！你首先必须完成你的家庭作业！表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”。the coat must be mary's because her name was on it.这个大衣肯定是玛丽的，大衣上面有她的名字。should/ought to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议。we should protect the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。you ought to teach them carefully.你应该耐心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。you may sit here

31、 if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能，也许”。she may come back tomorrow，but i am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。mightmay的过去式。he asked if he might go home.他问是否他可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉。might i smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)。it might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。yo

32、u needn't say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。情态动词的其他用法一、must和have tohave to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不”；must表示主观上感到“有必要”。此外，must只有一般现在时，表示“过去”通常用had to，表示将来要用will have to。have/has/had to动词原形，在改否定句或疑问句时要外加助动词do/does/did。如：she has to stay at home and look after her sick mother.她得待在家里照顾生病的妈妈。does she have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顾她生病的妈妈吗？must i go there with you？我必须和你去那儿吗？二、can和be able to两者表“能力”时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式could两