高中英语阅读理解解题指导十五招

1、高中英语阅读理解解题指导十五招做细节理解题吋，大多数学牛易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏-定的 快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通 篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题屮抓住关键性词语, 然后以此为线索，运用略读及杳读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段 落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排 除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事 实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉 的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。k

2、第一招直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中 的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。间接细节 理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息, 整理，怨疔唱聲订类比、h、甲 方 1出芾删判断，渝砲在高x间e系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、占大:命工1、特殊疑问句形式。以 what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等 引出的问题;2、是非题。通常以 true / false, not true / false 提问以及以 according to the text 开头；

3、3、填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。k第二招略读材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。k第三招d按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关 的信息词，如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事 实。段落的组织形式常见的有吋间型段落、空间型段落、列举型段落、例证型段 落、程序型段落和对比型段落等。如时间型段落和空间型段落要凭借表达时间和空间的信息词按时间和空间的组织形式进行杳读，寻找有关细节。k第四招将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而 下呈z型扫读，直到

4、找到含细节句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对、比较内容, 直至找到答案。k第五招u了解细节题t：扰选项的特点也能冇助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干 扰项有以下五个特点：是原文信息，但不是题口要求的内容；符合常识，但 不是文内容；与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；在意思上与 原文大相径庭其至完全相反；部分正确，部分错误。值得一捉的是，冇时原文 中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单词，因此需耍我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕 捉到真正冇用的信息。【试题分析】1、直接信息理解题细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判 两kf荃搁读材料中寧豐半倍冲。同时还要求读者记住重耍的细节，在必 要ife

5、专观t、推瀕麻器幼忌准确曬駐嬴们血0。解此 类题要求考生快速抓住关键信息，直接得出答案。冇时需要词句意的转换理解， 将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述出来onmet设计了许多这样的同义转换 理解题，具体的要求是为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型找到正确的释义。例如：2007陕曲省西工大附屮第三次模拟试题阅读理解b篇：the world trade organization (wto), founded on january 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sure that tr

6、ade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled.in the five years since its founding, the wto has become well known as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the world bank and international money fund.the system of global rules for inter

7、national trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the general agreement on tariffs and trade was formed after world war ii.as time went by, is became clear that the gatt had two major drawbacks-thelimited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes

8、.after seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called uruguay round finally give birth to the wto, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements, there

9、were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000, the wto, with its head office in geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.总述：本文主要介绍了世贸组织的演变过程，即由最初的关贸总协定，到后 来的乌拉圭回合谈判，到1995年1月1日成立的世贸组织，其演变经历了

10、大半 个世纪，使其成为世界上最大的国际经济组织。45. from the passage we know that the gatt stopped workinga. soon after world war ii ended b. a little more than 50 years after world wariseven years before the uruguay roundo"c 1* *10 i <co46. compared with the gatt, the wtoa. didnt pay enough attention to services a

11、nd intellectual propertyb. got its members to sign the agreements more easilyc has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectivelyd. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade47. in the new century the wto will.a. take the place of the world bank

12、and international monetary fundb. have more members and settle more problemsc make complete new rules in every area of international traded. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property本文后的这三个题都是细节理解题。其中45题，出文第五段中，after seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called

13、uruguay round finally give birth to the wto.作为原句，因此先co 46题仍由文第五段原句complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services andintellectual property可以看出选d。47题问的是“在新世纪，世贸组织将如何？ ” 出文中第六段最后句 the wto, with its head office in geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waitin

14、g to join可矢口选 bok笫六招利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文屮的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整 篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测 词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年來高考考查的热点。例如：1. charlotte tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "we've collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to tenerife/9 she

15、explains. “that was before the euro, so we put pesetas intthe underlined wore "pesetas'，in paragraph 2 is a kind ofa. story b. （election c. nspiration d breign coin知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币o分析：木题正确答案为do由原文屮的euro （欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推wiles reading in his school library came cenlary? toremandbeaten the fines

16、t mathematical minds, including a french woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the ecole polytechnique.which of the following best explains the meaning of the word "baffle，as it is used in the text?a.

17、 to encourage people to raise questions.b. to cause difficulty in understanding.c. to provide a person with an explanation.d to limit peopled imagination.分析：木题止确答案为bo从短文中对fermat last theorem 一书的介绍 中冇 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds 一句，句中两 个并列的谓语动词baffled和beaten，意义相同，

18、加强语气，从beat的木意就可以 猜测baffled为“使（某人）困惑，难倒”。3. today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. without these, none of us could survive. houng turned down donations from others. he said he felt encouraged by kind o

19、ffers, but he could depend on his own work. 2007 浙江绍兴市 高三4刀教学质量检测卷42. the underlined word “donation" in paragraph 3 probably means.a. invitation to give a speech b something, especially given to help othersc. questions asked by interviewers d. chances to be a hero分析：由木段可以看出：洪家里很穷，但他拒绝别人对他的“dona

20、tion",他 说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠，但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹，由此可以 判断出donation和后文的offer,是近义词，也是馈赠z意。因此选b。k第七招u利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后冇 对该词进行解释方明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness,

21、helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.分析：根据句意，maladies of the institutionalized应和后面的解释意思相同, 综合后而的内容可得知其意为：“（老年）综合症”。2. some ships earned cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies （：午：用物 资）,while others carried only passengers.分析：such as后所列举物品均属“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思与之相同, 和后句中的passengers形成对比。3. sc

22、ientists grow large quantities of common mould （霉菌）so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics。that is，substances that kill germs.分析：从that is后的解释口j看出antibiotics是一，种能杀死细菌的物质（抗 生素）。4. marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the

23、 efficient development of fisheries.分析：从marine biology后的同位语可知，marine biology是一门研究海洋 动植物及其关系的学科。5. yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter; who always take away things from the shop without paying for them 分析：从后面的定语从句解释可看出，shoplifter为在“商店里偷东西的人”。 第八招利用

24、因果关系因果关系的语境,通常由 because, so therefore, so that, so / such. that.等 连词体现。1. answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in new orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2 n. popular dance music influenced by jaz

25、z. 3. n. slang. empty talk.4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band jazz records.a. fhythmic baits.b. a ype of liusic.c. a khd of daice.d. meaningless tilk.分析：本题正确答案为d。从后面的原因for i am a practical person说话的人说自己是一个讲究实际的人，因此，他或她让对方不要说空话。2. the biggest power failure happened yesterday. all of our ice cream a

26、nd frozen foods melted.分析：melted “溶化”。既然停电，必然造成冰激凌和冷冻食晶的“溶化”。3. he ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at karen and todd until they sat up. then he helped each other out of the house to the safety of the garden. there, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths

27、 and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.分析：collapsed "瘫倒”。经过一番艰难脱险之后，他们呼吸短促，咳嗽不 断，最终“瘫倒”在草坪上。k第九招1利用对比线索有时文章作者为了壇强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成 鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句屮多 见 unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than

28、 等信息 词。1. "unlike vitamin c, leadership skills cartt be easily swallowed down. they must be carefully cultivated?"the underlined word '4cu 1 tivated9paragraph 1) roughly means.a encouraged b. compared c. examined d de/eloped分析：本题正确答案为do从上句的对比可知，领导能力不是swallowed down,而是慢慢培养的。2. one idea

29、about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. quite the reverse , business polite, life itself is games which we mustreverse?normally play with very imperfect information.jj iuch followirtceplace of '"quite the revm分析：出询句中 perfect information 到后 imperfect inform

30、ation 这一组对比关系的词，我们不难推断应表示“对比、相反”的意思，因此答案应选d。3. thousands of people got stuck in lifts. but no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.分析：被困在电梯中，应该是“慌张”，“不安”。but引出转折，“我们讲故 事消磨时间”，因此panicked应为“慌张、惊恐”之意。4. unlike the unite states where many different nationalities make up the population, japan

31、，s population is quite homogeneous.分析：文unlike表明h本和美国在人口组成方而不同，由此可见， homogeneous 与 many different nationalities 意义木冃反， 即 of the same nationality, “单一民族的”。k第i招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在 句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或 短语，即可确定同等关系屮生词的词

32、性，作用和大概意思。1. millions of animals die each year on us roads, the federal highway administration reports. in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the us today. the main reason? roadkill.分析：从后面的同谓语an endangered wild cat可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫。2. mansion, church, battle site, theatre an

33、d other public halls can be preserved. 分析：句中 mansion 应和 church, battle site, theatre and other public halls 的词义同屈“建筑物或场所”这一范畴。3. we should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, of they will make our speech silly and vulga匚分析：句中vulg竝应和silly意义相近，“粗俗的，庸俗的”。子，使词汇具体易懂。s

34、uch as, like, 来歹im湖縁危隹理爲爲'k第十一招d利用例证性线索53麴艸 _ .fw mstance*bfor1. you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign language teaching in school, of english learning.分析：通过后面的举例：英语世界，中小学外语教学，英语学习，说 明periodicals为“期刊杂志”。2. many united nations employees are polyglots: mr. simpson, for

35、 example, speaks five languages fluently.分析：通过列举mr. simpson -人通晓五国语言，说明许多联合国雇员都是 “通晓多国语言”。k第十二招根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知 识來推测其意思。教学人纲已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用 所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。1. exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an antipoison

36、 medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加币j缀anti构成的，anti意思是"反对、排斥、 抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。2. although simpli行ed chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like chinese characters in the complex form. 分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带冇ed显然是过

37、去分词形式的形容词。许 多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。k第十三招注意熟词生义英语屮大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意 思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生 词本身的障碍要大得多。原因冇三：其一，高考对生词的数量冇量的规定，不得 超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量 没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。下题屮划线的词可换为：1. new york, 10 november, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. biggest po

38、wer failure in the分析：本题正确答案为d。failure是fail变來的名词，有“失败；失败者;失败的事”的意思。木power failure可翻译为"停电”。再如：crop failure a)±. 稼欠收”；heart failure "心力衰竭"。2. a bike tour and race will be held in august 26 and 27. at 5:30 a .m., the riders will leave tian'an men square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg . then the next 55 kilometers from yanjiao to jixian, will be the first competitive part for thea. race b. jractice c. pal of