2017届高考英语备考专题17阅读理解之说明文(无答案)

1、限时训练一一阅读理解之说明文1.【？湖北卷】The odd ness of life in space n ever quite goes away. Here are some examples.First con sider someth ing as simple as sleep. Its positi on prese nts its own challe nges. The mainquesti on is whether you want your arms in side or outside the sleep ing bag. If you leave your arms

2、out,they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled（芭蕾）dancer.“Im anin side guy,”Mike Hopk ins says, who retur ned from a six-month tour on theIntern ati onal Space Stat ion. “ I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The ex

3、ercise bike for the American astronauts hasno handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, its just aseasy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer any whereyou want. But statio n reside nts have to be careful about stay ing in one place too long. Wi

4、thout gravityto help circulate air, the carb on dioxide you exhale （呼气）has a tendency to form an in visible（隐形的）cloud aroundyou head. You can end up with what astr on auts call a carb on-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an America n retired astro naut after four flights, describeswhat happens even

5、before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks yourre falling .Meanwhileyour eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That canbe annoyingthats why some people feel sick.”With in a couple daystruly terrible days forsomeastronautsbrains learn to ignore the panicky signalsfrom the inner

6、ear, and space sick ness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time in visiblydan gerous. Forinstanee, astronauts lose bone mass. Thats why exercise is considered so vital that Natio nal Aeronautics and Space Adm ini strati on （NASA） puts it right on the workday schedule. The

7、focus on fitness is as much about scie nee and the future as it is about keep ing any in dividual astr on auts retur nhome, and, more importa ntly, how to maintain stre ngth and fitn ess for the two and a half years or morethat itwould take to make a roun d-trip to Mars.I.What is the major challenge

8、 to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Decidi ng on a proper sleep positi onB. Choos ing a comfortable sleep ing bagC. Seek ing a way to fall asleep quickly2D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.2._The astro nauts will sufferfrom a carb on-dioxide headache whe n_.A. the y circle around on their

9、 bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedali ng3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _A. their sen ses stop work ingB. they have to sta nd up straightC. they float out of their se

10、ats un expectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the stati on4.0ne of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is_.A. how much exercise they do on the stati onB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after retur ning homeD. whether they are able to go back

11、to the stati on2.【？陕西】The product ion of coffee bea ns is a huge, profitable bus in ess, but, unfortun ately, full-s unproduct ion is tak ing over the in dustry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee isgrown from shade-grown production to full-s un product ionendan gers the ver

12、y existe nee of,certa in ani mals and birds, andeven disturbs the worlds ecological balanee.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds andanimals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special（物种）that dependon the treesf

13、lowers and fruits. Full -sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, manyspecial are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruct ion of the rai nforest for full-s un coffee fields also threate ns（威胁、）huma n life. Medical research ofte n makes use of theforests pla nt and ani

14、 mal life, and the destruct ion of such species could preve nt researchers fromfinding cures for certain diseases. In addition,new coffee-growingtechniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantat

15、ions（种植园）could meanthe destruct ionof the rain forestecology. The loss of shade trees3is already caus ing a slight cha nge in the worlds climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-givingtrees also leads to air pollutionand global warming. Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to ac

16、idic（酸性的）soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from thelocal environment to the global ecology. But con sumers do have a choice. They can purchaseshade-grow n coffee whe never possible, although at a higher cost. The future health

17、of the pla net andmankind is surely worth more tha n an in expe nsive cup of coffee.1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A. It limits the spread of new grow ing tech niq ues.B. It leads to air polluti on and global warming.C. It slows dow n the loss of shade trees.D

18、. It improves local soil con diti ons.2. The purpose of the text is to_.A. en terta inB. advertiseC. i nstructD. persuade3. Where does this text probably come from ?A. An agricultural magaz ine.B. A medical journ al.C. An engin eeri ng textbook.D. A tourist guide.4. Which of the followi ng shows the

19、 structure of the whole text?3.【？四川】4Their cheery song brighte ns many a win ters day. But rob ins are in dan ger ofwearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as duri ng the day,British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light

20、 from street lamps,takeaway sig ns and homes is affecti ng the birds biological clocks, lead ing to them being wide awakewhe n they should be asleep.Dr Dominoni, who is putt ing cameras in side n est ing boxes to track sleep ingpatter ns, said lack of sleep could put the birdshealth at risk. His stu

21、dy shows that whe nrob ins are exposed to light at ni ght in the lab, it leads to some genesbeing active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they areat ni ght.He told people at a conference, There have been a couple of studies suggesting they areincreas

22、ing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costlybehaviour and ittakes energy.So by increasing theirsong output, there might be some costs of en ergy.And it is not just rob ins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also

23、being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said, In Glasgowwhere I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me say ing Youare the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?.Duri ng the breed ing（繁殖）season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people ca

24、ntsleep.Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins livingin noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud no ise.However, some birds thrive（兴旺）in noisy environments.Polytech nic Un iversity found more hum min gbirds in

25、areas with heavy in dustrialmachinery. It is thought that they are capitalisingon their predators（天敌）fleeing toquieter areas.I.Accord ing to Dr Dominon is study, what cause rob ins to sing so much?A. The breed ing seas on.B. The light i n moder n lifeC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from he

26、avy machinery.2.What is the researchers concern over the increase of birds song output?A. The environment might be polluted.B. The birds health might be damaged.A study from California5C. The industry cost might be increased.D. The peoples hearing might be affected.3.What does the underlined word no

27、cturnal in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Active at night.B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day.D. Inactive during the day.4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?A. Because there are fewer dangers.B. Because there is more food to eat.C. Because there is less light pollutionD. Because there ar

28、e more places to take shelter.4.【天津】Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common inthe next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a morehumanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Ji

29、bo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more likecompanions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone ishappy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship late

30、r this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. Youcan talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robotdoesnt just deliver general answers toquestions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do th

31、ingssuch as reminding an elderly family memberto take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential6applications in everything from education to health care and are already findingtheir way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is

32、one company bringing social robots to the market. The company s“ Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items andhelp guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different Ianguages and makerecommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopp ing for.The more in teract ion the robot has with huma ns, the more it lear ns. But Oshbot, like other so