研究生课程theno-childfamily详解注释

1、unit 4 the no-child family: going againstpara 1cathy and wayne n are in their late 20's, have been married five years, and are childless. the last time a member of cathy family asked, "when are you going to start a family?" her answer was “we're a family!"para 2cathy and wayne

2、 belong to a growing number of young married couples who are deci ding not to have children. a recent survey showed that in the last five years the percentage of wives aged 25 to 29 who did not want children had almost doubled and among those 18 to 24 it had almost tripled what lies behind 是的总因 this

3、 decision which seems to fly in the face of 怦拔不颁 biology 生物学 and society?para 3perhaps the most publicly 公然的 outspoken 宵古不州的 childless couple are ellen peck, author of the baby trap, and her husband, william, an advertising executive who is president of the national organization for non-parents. the

4、 pecks insist neither they nor the organization is against parenthood 条子关爲 just against the social pressures that push people into parenthood whether it is what they really want and need or not.para 4"it's a life-style choice/9 elien says “we chose freedom and spontaneity 自发，privacy and lei

5、sure ics also a question of where you want to give your efforts 一 within your own family or in the larger community. this generation faces serious questions about the continuity of life on earth as well as its quality. our grandchildren may have to buy tickets to see the last redwoods 红杉 or line up

6、卅从 to get their oxygen ration 卍統.there are men who complain about being caught in a traffic jam for hours on their way home to their five kids but caivt make the association 联如协会 between the children and the traffic jam. in a world seriously threatened by the consequences 后采 of overpopulation we7e c

7、oncerned with making life without children acceptable and respectable 值紺* 敬的.too many children are born as a result of cultural coercion 强迫、压制.and the results show up in the statistics 统计学 on divorce and child-abuse 虐待儿仏"para 5her husband adds, "every friend, relative and business associat

8、e 交往、肿 is pressuring you to have kids 'and find out what you7e missing? too many people discover too late that what they were missing was something they were totally unsuited for；para 6and ellen again: “from the first doll 洋炜娃 to soap operas 肥电剧（o cocktail 務尾洒 parties, the pressure is always the

9、re to be parents- but let's take a look at the rate of parental failure. perhaps parenthood should be regarded as a specialized occupation like being a doctor. some people are good at it and they should have children; others arent, and they should feel they have other alternatives."para 7pr

10、ofessional observers agree that many people have children for the wrong reason, sometimes for no reason at all. men often drifts into fatherhood without ever making a deliberatechoice. for many women pregnancy can be a way to escape from unresolved 未解决的 conflicts 矛职战斗,to achieve instant identity 一致

11、or strengthen a poor self image 自我形处 to gratify 使満足 a need for the attention 注政 and affection 感泳形响 they feel they never had as childrenpara 8i talked with a number of specialists in the field of human behavior about why many young married couples decide not to have children. their reactions varied w

12、idely. a family therapist 治疗师 described the decision not to have children as " a basic instinctual response to the world situation today/9 implying 怠味、暗示 that something like the herd 成群 instinct in animals was operating as a response to the dangers of overpopulation, crowding, pollution and nuc

13、lear war, causing women to feel a reluctance 邈强、不帝说 to reproduce 繁殖 and leading them to seek 刁求 new ways of realizing 实现 themselves outside of family life.para 9more than one psychiatrist suggested that those who want to remain childless are narcissistic 白总的 一 making a virtue 优点 out of necessity by

14、rationalizing 合理化 their inner conflicts 矛厉 about giving care vs- being taken care of. "these are people who can't tolerate the idea of caring for children, who have no margin of love to spare 余 them," said one, adding, "you're going against something with 100,000 years of biol

15、ogy behind it/9 a colleague of his chimed in 插话，“well, we all rationalize our deficits 不足.赤字，and these people probably shouldn't have children whatever their real motives are, for the same reason there ought to be liberal abortion 号帰、流产 laws. there should only be enthusiastic 热估的 parents in this

16、 world."para 10psychologist donald m. kaplan believes that while some people have always opted 择 not to have children, the increased frequency we are seeing is in those children of the nineteen-forties and fifties who were raised by parents whose character style had shifted 移动.转变 from what soci

17、ologist david riesman called "inner-directed to "other-directed 缺乏主児的"and that these other-directed parents had two relevant 相关的 effects on their children. one was to give them a greater feeling of "narcissistic entitlement 权利"一 what one expects from life. the other was the

18、loss of a sense of certainty. they are more open to self-doubt, he says, more preoccupied 全神阳注 with their bodies, their life-styles, less able to maintain stable attachments to others. the decision to have a baby, he thinks, is the kind of decision such people might be most likely to postpone 延迟.it

19、can" be modified, can't be undone. baby boom what is done cannot be undone.para 11"many of these young adults are ambivalent about relinquishing 放弃 the role of the one who is cared for and taking on that of the one who does the cari ng j says d 匚 kapla n.para 12dr. e. james anthony is

20、professor of child psychiatry at washington university school of medicine and co-author of "parenthood, its psychology and psychopathology. in a recent conversation, d匚 anthony said, “many people fve talked to are very concerned about their own future and the future of children in this rather t

21、roubled world in the past there was always a feeling implicit in the culture that parenthood was something very significant, attractive, enriching, creative now it seems to be going by the board 帙泄忘 there seem to be so many other opportunities for women to express themselves creatively and family li

22、fe requires them to give up so many things that the emphasis 強调 on family life as a good and creative thing, a way to contribute to the future of the world, doesn't really ring a bell with many young people.para 13t think that part of whats happening is that the ambivalence 矛陌情绪 of parents today

23、 is being passed on unconsciously 无宜识的 lo lheir children. children are a great deal of trouble, and perhaps more so today than even before they can be a pain in the neck their precocious development, adolescent acting-out, drug-taking, all loom 隠约岀规 as problems. the young people feel, tf they don

24、9;t really want us, why should we want to have children? then they rationalize this feeling in terms of the external questions like what the world has to offer. they ask questions like, “why add to the population explosion? why create people who will have to face all the problems that are approachin

25、g in the next century?99para 14“despite their stated motives for not having children, the question arises whether young people really in fact lead richer lives today i find that many college students today feel strangely empty. they live in a world full of stimuli of all sorts but lack a sense of in

26、ner satisfaction that may relate to these basic biologic things." reproductionspara 15whatever else they disagree on, the experts all seem to be saying that it's not whether you have children or don't that really matters, what matters is that you are comfortable about what you do. if yo

27、u don't have children and you have much inner conflict about it, yoifll be miserable in your childlessness; if you have children and regret it, yoifll be miserable and your children will be miserable too. the point seems to be to know yourself, to accept your deeper feelings and not to make such

28、 an important life decision because it's the thing to do or to satisfy unrealistic fantasies, or to give your parents what they want or to escape from other responsibilities.para 16some people are afraid to admit their own feelings of the kind many of the childless couples interviewed could accept about themselves 一 what they called being “selfish.” they are ashamed to admit they would rather travel than bring up children. but what if that is what would make them h