蓝牙协议测试（Bluetoothprotocoltesting）

1、蓝牙协议测试(bluetooth protocol testing)蓝牙协议概述蓝牙技术规范(specification)包括协议(protocol)和应用规范 (profile)两个部分协议定义了各功能元素(如串口仿真协议 (rfcomm)、逻辑链路控制和适配协议(12cap)等各自的工作方式， 而应用规范则阐述了为了实现一个特定的应用模型(usage model), 各层协议间和运转协同机制显然，protocol是一种横向体系结构， 而profile是一种纵向体系结构较典型的profile有拨号网络 (dial-up networking)、耳机(headset)、局域网访问(lan ac

2、cess) 和文件传输(file transfer)等，它们分别对应一种应用模型.整个蓝牙协议体系结构可分为底层硬件模块、中间协议层(软件模块) 和高端应用层三大部分图1中所示的链路管理层(1h1)、基带层 (bb)和射频层(rf)属于蓝牙的硬件模块rf层通过24ghz无需授 权的ism频段的微波，实现数据位流的过滤和传输，它主要定义了 蓝牙收发器在此频带正常工作所满足的要求.bb层负责跳频和蓝牙数 据及信息帧的传输lni层负责连接的建立和拆除以及链路的安全机制. 它们为上层软件模块提供了不同的访问人口，但是两个蓝牙设备之 间的消息和数据传递必须通过蓝牙主机控制器接口 (hcl)的解释才 能进

3、行也就是说，hci是蓝牙协议中软硬件之间的接口，它提供了 一个调用下层bb、状态和控制寄存器等硬件的统一命令接口hci 层以上的协议实体运行在主机上，而hci以下的功能由蓝牙设备来 完成，二者之间通过一个对两端透明的传输层进行交互.中间协议层包括逻辑链路控制和适配协议(12cap, logical link control and adaptation protocol (sdp)、月艮务发现协'议，service discovery protocol)、串口仿真协议(rfcomm)和电信通信协议 (tcs, telephone control protocol). 12cap 完成数

4、据拆装、服务质 量控制和协议复用等功能，是其他上层协议实现的基础，因此也是 蓝牙协议栈的核心部分.sdp为上层应用程序提供一种机制来发现网 络中可用的服务及其特性.rfcomm依据etsi标准ts07. 10在12cap 上仿真9针rs232串口的功能.tcs提供蓝牙设备间话音和数据的呼 叫控制信令.在蓝牙协议栈的最上部是高端应用层(applications),它对应于各 种应用模型的prof订e.2蓝牙协议测试背景2. 1蓝牙测试背景蓝牙组织成员为证明自己的产品达到了蓝牙组织加入协定的要求， 符合蓝牙规范，必须通过蓝牙认证蓝牙认证设置的目的在于保护蓝 牙无线互连技术的一致性，同时尽可能降低对

5、产品开发商的要求.任何一个生产或销售蓝牙设备的公司必须首先签署蓝牙协定以成为 蓝牙组织成员，然后证明自己的产品符合蓝牙系统规范(包括一致 性要求)在成功通过蓝牙认证之后，产品方案被列入合格产品冃录. 产品必须完全通过蓝牙认证，否则不享有蓝牙组织协定所赋予的权 利.蓝牙设备测试规范包括一系列为验证蓝牙设备而设计的测试蓝牙设 备应对蓝牙设备测试规范中所有的蓝牙设备测试案例逐一进行验证.所谓测试案例是与被测试协议的一个特定特征相关的一个特定测试 单元每个测试案例都有一个特定的测试目的，运行后都对所得到的 测试结果进行判断.for example, to test the transport laye

6、r and the link (connection establishment) designed a test case, the test for the purpose of "test transmission layer chain" execution results of this test case may be successful, failed or uncertain.test cases generally consist of three parts: the initialization part (preamble), the body (

7、test) and the reset part (postamble)in bluetooth device authentication test, the methods used in radio frequency, bluetooth protocol consistency, profile consistency and profile interconnect test are different.* rf test cases can be mixed using standard test equipment and special bluetooth test equi

8、pment to perform if there is an available reference test system, the test case of bluetooth protocol conformance can be implemented with it. otherwise, conformance testing can only be done by other methods the members of the organization freely choose the appropriate test equipment to run the requir

9、ed tests.in order to enhance the reliability of low level interconnection, bluetooth protocol interconnection and bluetooth protocol interconnection test should be carried out first test with a designed test product (commonly referred to as bluetooth device)the profile conformance test is used to de

10、termine whether bluetooth products conform to the bluetooth specification.the profile interconnect test helps determine whether the products that support the same profile support the internet as expected when the equipment, especially between different manufacturers of equipment for actual communica

11、tion, the internet test may find the original problem is not obvious.2.2 conformance testingthe goals of protocol conformance testing and protocol verification are easily confused protocol conformance testing is used to check whether the implementation entity of a given protocol is consistent with t

12、he requirements of the protocot s internal construction specification. protocol checking is used to check whether the protocol specification itself is logically reliable if the protocol design errors exist, absolutely consistent with the requirements of the standard protocol, although the same logic

13、 errors, but through the consistency test; if it does not exist the same mistake, cannot pass the conformance test conformance testing fails only when the requirements of entities and specifications are inconsistent on the contrary, the reliability verification of the protocol should detect the desi

14、gn errorsa reference protocol specification and an unknown implementation entity are given for a finite state machine, for example for all practical applications, the protocol implementation entity is equivalent to a black box with finite input and output we can only verify it by providing a series

15、of input signals (messages) and observing the output signals the implemented entity under verification is usually called iut, and only if all observed outputs are consistent with the specification of the formal specification a set of input sequence sets used to validate protocol implementations by t

16、his method is called consistency test case packagehere are two main problems to solve:(1) to find a general and effective method to generate a conformance test case package for a given protocol implementation entity(2) find a way to test security applications on protocol implementation entities.the

17、second problem seems simpler iut can be a separate layer of the protocol stack structure and has two interfaces between adjacent layers to test it, a high level tester and a low level tester and some system methods are needed to synchronize the processes between them when the iut and the tester are

18、physically isolated, there are also complex factors testers may access iut only through remote network connections, and can，t reliably provide input and get output from iutcommunication system design to maintain a certain standard is called conformance testingin the last few years after the osi syst

19、em model definition, iso (international organization for standardization) began to develop the method and framework of conformance testing. a special committee has taken over one of the most difficult tasks in standardization, developed a series of standards for defining conformance testing framewor

20、ks and methods, and a language that describes an abstract test set in iso.one solution advocated is to develop an abstract test suite for each protocol or protocol set (profile) and to standardize it. developers should use a series of forms called pics or pixtt documents to illustrate their own prod

21、ucts the conformance testing center (also known as a test lab) is responsible for the consistency verification of the subjects to be tested the center first selects the test cases that publish specific objects, and assign the test cases finally, a physical implementation of the abstract test set is

22、obtained at present, confonnance testing is the most extensive software testing activity in the world3 bluetooth protocol conformance testing3.1 bluetooth device (blue unit) test structurein bluetooth device testing, the benchmark device we use (bu) is the module provided by ericsson or nokia the me

23、asured object (iut) is a module of other companies the two are connected by tester the tester sends commands and data to the two modules (bu and iut), and also receives time and data from the two modules there are four main components of the test system:host ahost a control reference equipment (bu)

24、the host a sends commands and data to the bu, and receives the time and data used to verify the test case*hc/lm-a buhc/lm-a bu is bluetooth hardware from ericsson or nokia, used as a test referenee device. the benchmark (bu) executes the different commands issued by the host a, which should be able

25、to react correctly to the corresponding eventshost bhost b controls the tested device (iut) the host b sends commands and data to the device to be tested (iut) and receives events and data to verify the security of the test*hc/lm-b iuthc/lm -b iut is the tested hardware from other companies. iut exe

26、cutes the commands sent by the host b, responding to the corresponding events and packetsthe tester uses two kinds of physical layer transport layer as tci-hci interface that is to say, bluetooth devices can be connected to the tester through the physical bus (usb or uart interface) and the tester p

27、co1 and pco2 are its control and observation points pco1 as the control observation point of low level tester (lt) poc2 as the control observation point of high level test instrument (ut) because the tester can not observe the air interface (i e., the wireless air interface between two bluetooth har

28、dware) and capture the lm packets, there is no control observation point (pco) between hc/lm-a bu and hc/lm -b iut3.2 bluetooth protocol stack l2cap conformance test structurewe illustrate the conformance test structure of l2cap (logical link control and adaptation protocol) there are three main com

29、ponents of the test structure: conformance tester, test control software (tc) and the object to be measured (iut) there are two interfaces between the conformance tester and the object to be tested: the air interface and the test control interface (tci) through the bluetooth launcher the recommended

30、 physical transport layer of tci is one of the specified transport layers of hci: usb, rs232 or uart when sending messages through tci, the l2cap event and the primitives of the command must be converted to messages that are in the same format as the hci event and command.(1) conformance testingthe

31、tester consists of a high level tester and a low layer tester. the pco1 (point of control observation) and pco2 are used as the observation and control points of its high level and low level tester the high level tester sends the l2cap command to the object to be measured, and gets the event from th

32、e tested object through tci. senior tester includes a tcil2cap driver and a physical bus driver. the low level tester deals with the l2cap packets sent by the tested object the l2cap data packet in the tester is equivalent to the l2cap packet in the object under test(2) test control softwarethe test

33、 control software consists of three parts: physical bus, tci-l2cap firmware and adapter when the manufacturer delivers the product to the test, it must also provide test control software the function of the test control software is to make the interface (the interface is related to the implementatio

34、n) of the adapter tci-l2cap interfacethe physical bus sends data to the high level tester and receives data from the high level tester tcil2cap firmware encodes and decodes the data. adapter is adapted to the iut interface of l2cap, which is related to implementation (implementation-dependent)(3) iu

35、t (subject to be measured)iut (object to be measured) can be any software implementation of bluetooth master protocol stack of course, the software must include the l2cap layer under test3.3 bluetooth protocol stack sdp conformance test structurewe illustrate the conformance testing structure of sdp

36、 so far, the testing structure of sdp has not been clearly defined in the test specification however, according to the test case in the bluetooth specification, there is no need for a high-level tester to test the upper interface of the sdp the test system consists of two main components: the low le

37、vel tester and the object to be measured (iut)(1) low layer testersdp conformanee testing system, low level test instrument as sdp client, send a test case specified in the sdp request packet (request pdu), and then verify the measured system (iut) is to make the right response(2) iut (subject to be

38、 measured)iut (object to be measured) can be any software implementation of bluetooth master protocol stack of course, the software must include the sdp layer under test in the sdp conformance testing system, iut acts as the sdp server and responds to the sdp request packets sent by the tester, generating the corresponding events.3.4 protocol conformance tester settingsivt bluetooth tester runs on pc with usb and uart interface in window98 environment. we need to connect th