(完整word版)高一英语定语从句讲解

1、高一定语从句讲解来源于网络嘉定二中高一英语组第一讲1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二:关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：which that先行词是人： who whom that在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语（1） 先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2） 看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages.They had a radio which/ that could send

2、 out message.（主语）2. The girl is my best friend.She spoke just now.3. He always buys some books.He n ever read them.1. )定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.The man sells vegetables who lives n ext door. ( )x5. The car which my un cle just bought was destroyed in the

3、earthquake.The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my un cle just bought.()2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our man ager.7. There is someth ing ( that ) we must keep in mind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.2. T

4、he airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip toEurope.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotte n in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7. The bicycle m

5、y un cle gave me was very expe nsive.第二讲whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰 指物的先行词。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.来源于网络The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red.The book whose cover is red is no

6、t mine ( The book the cover of which is red isnot mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi an.4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south.5. The chair has bee n repaired. The leg of it was broke n.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句This is the room in which my father lived last year.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在

7、从句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose importanee I didn t realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Mis

8、s Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised.第二讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用 which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The

9、chair is made of wood.He is sitting on it now.The chair on which he is sitt ing now is made of wood.3. He is a library assista nt. I borrowed some books from him.4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago.关系畐 U 词： whe n where why当先行词是表示时间的名词，用 when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词+ which 来代替：e

10、.g. 1.1 will n ever forget the day./ I went to university on that day. _I will n ever forget the day whe n/ on which I went to uni versity.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词+ which 来代替：e.g. 3. This is the house. / He

11、 used to live in the house.This is the house where/ i n which he used to live. 1 .J FI IJ 7li |4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim来源于网络2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to

12、call on us next time when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday. This is the house where/inwhich he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spe nt the day together.We will r

13、emember the day. We worked on this day together.注意点：要注意判断关系词及e.g. 1. This is the houseThis is the house.第五讲关系词在从句中所充当的成分He visited it yesterday.He once lived in it.来源于网络引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用介词+ which ”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = whe n ) the People foun ded.几个特殊的定语从句句型：1. Is this pla

14、ce the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?2. situation 后常用 where,in which 弓丨导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或省略来引导定语从句，也可省略:Do you know the way(i n which/that/how) he worked out t

15、he problem?4. He stood at the win dow, from where he could see what was happe ning. It may rain, inwhich case the match will be put off.%* h ,尹J I找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on the earth.3. He used

16、such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I don t like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.定语从句配套练习 第一讲J一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

17、1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magaz ine is mine. He has take n it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They don t study hard.5. The woma n is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter

18、is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was won derful. We saw it last ni ght.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a min ute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分The thief who had robbed the man was

19、 caught by the policema n.I have to make up for the test that I missed last week.The car I hired broke dow n on my way home.Thank you very much for the prese nt you sent me.Do you know anyone who wants to buy a sec on d-ha nd motorbike.第二讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:1. Here is the girl. Her brother wor

20、ks in this shop.s Rep来源于网络2. That s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.3. This is the boy. His sister is a famous sin ger.4.1 want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven t been handed in.5. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.把下列每对句子合并成含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句：6. He has a broth

21、er. He is an artist.7. This poem was writte n by the famous writer. Almost everybody knows it.8. They have invited me to dinner. It is very kind of them.9. My father arrived at the town yesterday. He had been on a visit to American.10. The travelers took another road. They knew about the floods.用 th

22、at、which 或 whose 将下列每一组句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句1. A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.2. Tea is mostly from China. It is loved by many peoples in the world.3. All the students in my class like the book. The book tells about Harry Porter.4.I have a very smart brother. He is only seventeen years old now.5.

23、 An earthquake happened in 1976. The earthquake totally destroyed Tangshan.6.Everybody wants to enjoy the picture. You took the picture just yesterday.7. My wife is a very efficient woman. Her class always comes out first in the school.8.I stayed in a n ice room in Qin gdao. The wi ndow of the room

24、ope ns to the sea.9.I m sorry to have killed the hen. It lays ten eggs everyycbn average.10. I like this new book very much. Its cover is designed by a friend of mine.11. In front of my village flows a small river. It is not polluted yet.12. Who is the gentleman? He is standing over there.13. Did yo

25、u see a novel named The Godfather? It was on my desk just now.14. I used to work with a computer company. The company has a staff of over 600.15. B. Gates is the richest man in the world. His wealth comes to some $50 billion.16. These are the books. You will need them.17. The car broke down halfway

26、to Hangzhou. We were driving the car there.18. Lecture Room （百家讲坛） is a famous program. Many people like it.19. China is an ancient country. Its history covers about 5,000 years.20. My father is a teacher of physics. His job is taking care of his students.第三讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：16. The service

27、should be improved.The students complain a lot about it.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came in

28、 to a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、 根据句子意思，填入介词加关系代词费1. The pers on_I spoke just now is the man ager that I told you about.2. The pen cil_ he was writi ng broke.4. The two thi ngs_ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of En glish5. Her bag,_she put all her

29、 books, has not bee n found.来源于网络6. The stories about the Long March,_ this is one example, are well written.7. The ship,_ the Europea ns sailed to the America n continent, was called the Mayflower.8. The family_I stayed in Rome is coming to En gla nd soon.9. He has writte n a book, the n ame_I have

30、 completely forgotte n.10. It is a family of eight childre n, all_ are study ing music.11. Can you suggest a time_it will be convenient to meet.12. The town,_ they came, was in the north of the province.13. The fur coat_ the lady was dressed was very expe nsive.14 The emperor,_ the palace was built,

31、 was very cruel.15. He had a dream_he was take n to the amuseme nt park.16. The money_he bought the bike, was give n by his gra ndfather.17. Ann White,_ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.18. The story,the film is based , is a true one.*-. i -| 第四讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：I I I I: Ij

32、1. I still remember the day. We first met on the day.2. Is there any shop around? I can buy a pen in the shop.3. The year 1986 was importa nt in history. The America n astr on auts first Ian ded on the moonin this year.5. The city is on the new railway line. I was born in this city.6. This is the re

33、ason. He left the company.厂l1第五讲p-、1Je.g. This is the date_we re proud of.This is the date_ he was born.I will n ever forget the time_ we spe nt together.This is the factory_my mother works.This is the factory_we visited last week.A. whe nB. where C. which D. thatI don t believe the reason_he gave i

34、fodecision.Ano ther reas on_ he made this decisi on is that he had to con sider the feeli ngs of others.第六讲填上合适的关系代词或关系副词1. A country is a n ati on_ has its own gover nmen t, la nd and populati on.2. I ve looked the words up in the dictionar_I borrowed from my teacher.3. The man _have made much mone

35、y do not know what to do with their money.4. We haven t found a Ianguage_ would be accepted by people.5. He went to a friend_knew a lot about money matters.6. Hand sig ns can be useful in places_are very no isy and in places_ are veryquiet.7. Mr Black would n ever forget the day_he was bitterly puni

36、 shed.来源于网络8. The reason_he did not buy the modern painting was that it was not a painting a-all.9. The win ter Olympics are always held in a mountainous country_ there is ple nty ofsnow.10. The greeti ng “ Good after noon ” is give n to anyone_you are pass ing q11. Tom stop to speak some one_makes

37、an inquiry about frien ds.12. Adults sometimes envy childre n,_ can run out to play.13.1 d like to borrow a book_cover is blue.14. This is the very work_I m after.15. I have the same book_you lent me.16. Some soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of_sat a little boy.17. This is the shop_sells bo

38、oks.L：18. This is the shop_we can buy books.19.1 ll never forget the day_we once stayed together.20. I ll never forget the day_ we spent together.；J h11 . i!: f / f二翻译1. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。2. 这是我们上个学期参观过的工厂。3. 那把用来切面包的刀很锋利。4. 只有二位在教室里学习的学生。5. 我想要知道你学习的方法。6. 他们住在一间前面有一个大花园的房屋里。7. 这是一家生产电视机的工厂。8. 我从不忘记我们曾一起呆

39、过的日子。9. 他迟到的原因是因为他未能赶上汽车。10. 你认不认识那个和我们老师交谈的学生。11. 这是他仅能记得的事情。(only)12. 他的同桌是一个让他在困难时得以依托的人。(turn to for help)13. 众所周知，中国是一个具有悠久文明历史的国家。(As).14. 那个在地震中失踪的男孩最终被找到了。( who)15. 你还记得我们拜访过的那个城市吗？ (pay a visit to)16. 李宇春所唱的歌中，哪一首是最吸引你的？(which)17. 我所能做的所有的事情便是等待。(all18. 很多中国学生非常羡慕西方人的生活方式。(way)19. 我到超市去买了和你

40、一样的笔。(the same as20. 他们全家住在一个窗户被人打破了的房子里。(whose)This is the only thi ng that he can remember.His desk mate is a person who he can turn to for help when in trouble.His desk mate is a person to whom he can turn for help when in trouble.As is known to us all, China is a country with a long history of c

41、ivilizati onThe boy who was lost/miss ing in the earthquake was fin ally found.Do you still remember the city that we have paid a visit to?Do you still remember the city to which we have paid a visit?来源于网络Which of the songs that has bee n sung by Li Yuchu n most attracts you?All that I can do is to

42、wait.Many Chin ese stude nts envy the way (that/i n which) the wester ners live.I bought the same pen as you did in the supermarket.The whole family lived in the house whose window had been broken by others. * j /I1fc, j 1.1 will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填_we spent together in the countrys

43、ide八八I、J I II will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in thecoun tryside 2.This is the reason _that/which/ 不填_ they told meThis is the reas on _for which/why_ he tur ned dow n the jobifp- J非限制定语从句1. 逗号隔开2. 翻译成并列句，去掉之后句子完整 wIL 二二3. 不能用 that4. which 可以指代某一个先行词也可以指代一句话He lost h

44、is book, which made his mother very an gery as 在非限定性从句中的使用1.表示正如。一样2.替代 which 放句首He must be from Africa,_ which_ can be see n from his sk inAs can be seen from his skin, he must be from AfricaAs is known to all, he is a heroHe is a hero, which is known to allIt is known to all that he is a hero% h #

45、 1 II He has 2 sons , one of whom is a doctor *1 * j /I I来源于网络He has 2 sonsand one of them is a doctortI I胃八、 7I I II,I I; I;He has 2 son sneither of whom is a doctorr.clf I /. fI He has 2 sons, _both_of whom are doctors” /.J 1If/ JHe has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctorHe has 3 sons, all of whom ar

46、e doctors? _ijHe is one of the scie ntists who are_known by the worldHe is the on ly one of the scie ntists who _is _known by the world、沁、He is such a good stude nthat every one likes him very much（如 此以至于）He is such a personas you told meHe invited me to the party,and it is kind of himHe inviten me

47、to the party , which is kind of himHe failed in the exam, _as_ we had expectedCan you see the close_ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase?Can you see the closet on whose top_ I put the flower vase?All (that) you n eedis his helpWhat you n eedis his helpall that= whatIs this the museum_you visi

48、ted yesterday?This is the museumthat /which/不填 you visited yesterday.来源于网络 IIs this museum_ you visited yesterday?X/-|pJThis museum isthe onethat/which/不填 you visited yesterday.This is the place_n which/where_ you have worked for ten years-. V*、. rThis is the place_ to which _ you pay a visit last y

49、ear、F:Il1I will n ever forget the day _which/that/ 不填_we spe nttogether in the coun trysideI will n ever forget the days_during which/when_ we stayedtogether in the coun tryside【考点指向】定语从句是高一英语语法的重难点，同时又是高考必考热点之一。纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查，越来越突出能力立意，通过一系列的增元、减员，前置等变换手段来考查。定语从句中关于介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考

50、生十分头疼的一大难题。【技法提炼】定语从句之所以难，主要在于难以选出合适的介词。应对 介词+关系代词”中介词如何选则这一难题，我们总结出一套行之有效的秘诀：一先二动三意义”。一、一先，即先看先行词。从先行词下手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配；二、 二动。即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词;三、 三意义。通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词；四、 特殊情况：介词of常用于结构：表示部分的词语+of+关系代词。【经典例题】例1:The pencil_he used to write is broken.A. in whichB. by whichC. with

51、whichD. with that解题思路：本题考查的是 介词+关系代词结构，关系代词指物的话用which，指人whom，先把D选项排 除了。剩下这三项选择哪个呢？我们先从先行词下手，pencil是工具范畴，介词搭配一般用with，所以应该选择C项。句义：他过去常常用的那个铅笔坏了。J答案：C来源于网络归纳总结：当先行词往往是那些表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词时，它们与介词之间有一定的固 定联系，这时一般首先看先行词。（比如时间常和on, in, by搭配，地点常用on, in, at,原因用for，方式用in, by.with等等）。5 方法揭秘：从先行词下手。介词往往和先行词构成固

52、定搭配。L”. 1a ,二一例2：The English play_ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. i n whichD. on which解题思路：主句是The English play was a great success。在新年晚会上，我的学生们表演的英文剧取得了成功。 先行词是play，四个选项里关系代词都是表示物体的which，这没问题。关键选哪个介词呢？单从先行词身上判断不出来，我们就从从句谓语动词的结构上下手。act不及物动词，若表示扮

53、演节目，要加上in.此处表演话剧act in a play。介词in提前了，所以我们选择C项。句义：在新年晚会上，我的学生们表演的英文剧取得了成功。答案：C归纳总结：先行词没有明显可以固定搭配的介词，介词的选用与从句中谓语结构的搭配有关。方法揭秘：看从句中的谓语动词结构，根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。例3：He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that解题思路：正确答案为A。这是个非限

54、定性定语从句。which指代前面整个句子的情况。依据句义：在当地中学毕业后，他上了北京大学。把从句补充完整He went on to Beiji ng Un iversity after he was educated at the local high school，答案为A.此句中的介词的选择与句子的意义有关。句义：在当地中学毕业后，他上了北京大学。答案：A归纳总结：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, as和关系副词when, where, 一般不用that引导。方法揭秘：我们可以采用还原法，把从句补充完整，建立与主句的联系，以便发现这个介词与

55、句中其它部分 的关系。例4:The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_ are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that解题思路：根据句子结构分析，前后两句话用逗号隔开，应该为主从句关系，由此判断后面是一个非限定性定语从句，由于关系代词前面有介词，因此只能选A项，80% of which are sold abroad修饰先行词half a million pairs of shoes，说明其部分情况。来源于网络句义：这家工厂每年生产的

56、50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的答案：A归纳总结：of which引导的是非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在some, any, several,many, most, all, both, neither, none, half, one等词和形容词比较级、最高级之后接of whom或of which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any,数词（含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several

57、, enough, half a, a quarter。方法揭秘：of which引导的是非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在some, any, several,many, most, all, both, neither, none, half, one等词和形容词比较级、最高级之后接of whom或of which。1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合 逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先

58、行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式, I, c ；f* 1 2上用逗号隔开，不能 that 用引导。e.g. Tom s fathwho is over sixty, still works hard day and night.来源于网络（who 引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that 与 which 的区别1） 用 that 而不用 which 的情况1先行词为不定代词 all, anything, no thi ng,little,few,much somethi ng some one:先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；3先行词有 the only, th

59、e very, any,the same , the las 等词修饰；4先行词既有人又有物时。5.避免重复Who is the person that is standing there?e.g. There is nothing that can preve nt him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 Thefirst place that they visited in Guili n was Elepha nt Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观 的第一个地方是象鼻山。_这部电影是我看过的最好的 一一 部。_ 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外 国人。2） 用

60、 which 而不用 that 的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；2指代前面整个主句的意思；3介词+关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very an gry.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with 是习惯性搭配) 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配)，He built a telescope through which he could study the ski