近四年高考英语语法真题分类汇编

1、1 / 7近四年高考英语语法真题分类汇编定语从句（ 2017-2020）一、2020 年高考真题1. （2020江苏高考真题） many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.a. whoseb. whichc. whend. whom【答案】 b 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons ，关系词在从句中做介词 from 的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选 b。2.（2020 天津高考

2、真题） dr. rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.a. whoseb. of whomc. of whichd. which【答案】 a 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。 _ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰dr. rowan ，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“dr. rowan s ”，表示“的”，应用关系代词 whose引导该从句，故选a。5.（2020新课标卷高考真题） in

3、ancient china lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】 whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填 whose 。二2019 年高考真题1. 【2019江苏卷单项填空】21.we have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. a. whichb. whatc. whend. that 【答

4、案】 c 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状2 / 7语，所以关系词用when 。故选 c。2. 【2019天津卷单项填空】 11.their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences. a. whyb. wherec. whichd. what 【答案】 b 【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中 she can say ind

5、ividual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage ，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where，故选 b。3. 【2019新课标 i 卷短文改错】one afternoon where i was in primary school, i was walking by the school playground. 【答案】 one afternoon i was in primary school, i was walking by the school playground. 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词 one a

6、fternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用 when 。故将 where改为 when 。4. 【2019新课标 ii卷语法填空】 now irene astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in macclesfield，_62_ she opened with her late husband les. 【答案】 which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。5. 【2019新课标 iii卷语法填空】

7、 they were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】 who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人） ，且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who 。6. 【2019新课标 iii卷短文改错】in the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created

8、for them.3 / 7【答案】in the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them. 【解析】 本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用 that/which。故把 what 改为 that/which。7. 【2019浙江卷语法填空】 on the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark. 【答案】

9、 that/which 【解析】 考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth ，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。8. 【2019北京卷语法填空】 what students do at college seems to matter much more than_8_ they go. 【答案】 where 【解析】 考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。9. 【2019北京卷语法填空】 the students benefitting

10、 most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 【答案】 who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 _3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those ，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或 that 。三.2018 年高考真题1. 【2018北京】 5. she and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep

11、 fit. a. which b. who c. as d. that 【答案】 a 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“ _ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。a选项4 / 7正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。2. 【2018天津】 2. kae, _

12、sister i shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in australia. a. whom b. thatc. whose d. her 【答案】 c 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose 。故选 c。点睛：本题考查定语从句。 定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点： 1.找准先行词； 2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这

13、两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3. 【2018江苏】 self-driving is an area _ china and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. a. that b. wherec. which d. when 【答案】 b 【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于 in which。故选 b。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一， 分析定语从句需抓住两点： 1

14、. 找准先行词。 2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。4.【2018新课标 i 卷语法填空】 two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause). 【答案】 that 或 which 5 / 7【解析】 考查

15、定语从句的关系词。此处a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。4. 【2018新课标 i 卷短文改错】 they also had a small pond which they raised fish. my grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. 【答案】which 改成 in which或 where 【解析】 考查定语从句的关系词。 他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in w

16、hich或 where。5. 【2018新课标 ii 卷语法填空】the chinese ministry of agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】 that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。

17、 根据空后的谓语动词gives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代 program 并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填 that 或者which。6. 【2018新课标 ii 卷语法填空】many westerners 57 come to china cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】 that 或 who 【解析】 考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词wh

18、o/that引导，故填 who/that 。四.2017 年高考真题1.【2017北京卷】 31. the little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. a. that b. as c. where d. when 【答案】 a 【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的6 / 7灵感。 _ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是 problems，用 that 。考点：考查定语从句。【名师

19、点睛】 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词 （who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（ when, where, why等） 。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、 宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词， 在从句中作状语。 eg. an architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.the city where / in which i was born is on the new railway line. 2.

20、 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时， 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略 （非限定性定语从句中不可省略） 。e.g. i find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.i find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.the suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doe

21、sn t fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词， whom用于指人， which 用于指物，不能用that 。e.g. the man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.mrs. nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.the room in which my family live used t