2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship(句型语法)(含解析)

1、专题1.1 Frie ndshipyou can con tact me at home.必要的话，你可以与我在家里取得联系。,Pang Long now becomes a famous sin ger.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在成了一名著名的歌手。答案： When crossing the street If heated If necessary z worker w2.主语+谓语+其他+before+句子She and her family hid away for n early twen ty-five mon ths before they were discovered.她与家人躲

2、藏了将近二十五个月才被发现。before引导一个时间状语，强调从句中discover的动作发生的太迟了，译为：“.之后才beforeconj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法比较灵活。根据其侧重点，可有如下理解：(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等就”。如下面例句。(2) It+be+时间段+before从句，意为“.之后才.。如下面例句。【学以致用】三、重点句型剖析1.While doing.句式(状语省略结构)While walk ing the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.（P1）遛

3、狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。while walking the dog相当于while you were walking the dogr rr（、*八在英语中，由when, while,as if,uni ess,though,once,even if（ before,after除外）等引导的表示时间、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句，若从句主语与主句主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。When you are cross ing the street, you should be careful.过马路时，你应当小心。，yo

4、u should be careful.If it is heated, water can be turned into vapor.water can be turned into vapor.如果受热，水会变成蒸汽。Once2I won der if its because I have nt bee n able to be outdoors for so long that rve grow n so _crazy about everythi ng to do with n ature.（P2）我不知道这是不是因为我长期无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。It

5、+be+否定形式+long+before从句，意为.不久就.。如下面例句。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could con trol it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。一Why did nt you te

6、ll him about the meet ing?你为什么不把会议的事情告诉他?He rushed out of the room我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。Joh n thinks约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。答案：before 1 could say a word It was a long time before it wont be long beforeIt be+段时间+since引导状语从句表示自从（到现在）有多长时间了”。且since后从句只能用一般过去时主句只能使用现在完成时或一般现在时。As far as I know, it

7、 is five years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军五年了。3.It is. that+句子（强调句式）3此句含有高中所应掌握的一个非常重要的强调句型：It is. that.，其各种变化形式见下表:必会基本句式It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分一般疑问句Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分特殊疑问句疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分n ot.u ntil句型的强调句It is/was notun til+被强调部分+that+其他成分1It iswho/that_ am goi ng for

8、 a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。2When is it that we will have a meet ing?我们什么时候开会？3It was not untilhe took off his dark glasses _that_ I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是著名的影星。在强调句式中主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时，这是要特别注意的，请观察以上例句。另外，判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“It is/was和that/who”去掉，句子各种成分完整，则是 强调句，否则不是。4.

9、It is/was/will be the first/second/. time that.“某人第一/二/.次做某事”。.it was the first time in a year and a half that rd seen the night face to face.(P2).这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚.在“It is/will be the+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，从句谓语用现在完成时；在“It wasthe+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，从句谓语用过去完成时。1That was the fourth time (that) she_(ring)

10、 you in a week.那是她一周内第四次给你打电话。2This is the tenth time (that) I_ (visit) Jinan.这是我第十次参观济南。It is (high)+time+定语从句(虚拟语气用一般过去时或should+动词原形表示)the first time“第一次”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句for the first time“第一次”，用作介词短语，单独作状语，不接从句3It is time that we measures to con trol air polluti on.到了采取措施来控制空气污染的时候了。4I fell in love

11、 with her the first time I saw her.我对她一见钟情。4(在本句中，the first time引导了一个时间状语从句。)5He got full marks in En glish exam for the first time.他第一次英语考试得了满分。答案：had rungvisitedtook5.There was a time when.以前有那么一段时间.I can well remember that there was a time whe n a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moon lighta

12、nd flowers could n ever have kept me spellbo und.我记得很清楚，以前（有那么一段时间），湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未使我心迷神往过。There was a time whe n.以前有那么一段时间.;whe n引导定语从句,【仿写】曾经有过一段时间我讨厌上学。修饰先行词Cya time。There was a time when I hated to go to school.6.It is/was+n.+doing sth.做某事是Its no pleasure looking through these any Ionger（观看

13、这些不再是乐趣 本句是一个主从复合句，其中because引导原因状语从句。原因状语从句中包含着一个thing that really must be experie need.)becausenature is onethat引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one thing。主句中的it作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语looking throughtheseoIt is/was+n.+doingsth.是一个固定句型，该句型中的名词（词组）常用no use,no good,no pleasure,a waste of time/money等。【仿写】整天看电视已不再是乐趣，因为接近大自然对身体有

14、益。Its no pleasure watching TV all day long because gettingclose to nature is good for health.四、重点语法突破/一.直接引语和间接引语如何把一个直接引语变成间接引语呢?jr jFjh口诀:直引变间引，莫忘三要素:引导词带头从句前，主谓语序随后跟，谓语时态随主句。引导词、时态和语序。引导词特好记，陈述句用that,67一般疑问用是否(if/whether)，特殊疑问不变更。直接引语变间接引语要注意：1直接引语为陈述句时，引导词that通常可以省略，但当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个that

15、,其余的that不能省略。2人称的变化口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变更。(1)“一随主”。 若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称一致。(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称一致。(3)“第三人称不变更”。 直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。3时态的变化 主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态的时候， 直接引语变间接引语， 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要 作相应的变化。注意：如果直接引语是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。4指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化thisTthat these thosenow the nag

16、obeforetoda ytthat dayyesterdaytthe day beforetomorrowtthe next/following dayherettherecometgo5语序的变化(1)如果直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时语序不变。(2)如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，先加上if或whether，然后变成陈述句语序。(3)如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词不变，同时变成陈述句语序。 直接引语变间接引语1He asked her,“Where are you go ing?tHeaskedher2He said to me,“I wrote to my

17、 father yesterday.8THe told me that_3The teacher asked,“Are you wait ing for the bus?”TThe teacher asked (me)4He says，“I have finished my homework.He says that_5They said,“We will go there by bus. ”TThey said_ _there by bus.6She said to me, “ Are you in terested in scie nee?TShescie nee.XJ、答案: where

18、 she was going hc had written to his father the day before ifwhetter I was waiting for the bus hc hasfinished his hociGwork that)thcy would go asked me if/whethcr I was改正下列变化后的句子中的错误帀hu said to me. *1 told her all about it thr；ee days ago.*John Said to me that he told her all about it three dsys bef

19、ore. ._2He saiL T like swimmiiLg and I want to go swiiEiiniiig whh you.He said, (that) he tiled swinmiiig and he wauled to go swiftimirg with us,_Which one do you like best here? he askfd her*Ht askfd her which one she liked best here.答案：told改为had toldand后加that如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，在变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有

20、时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。here改为there二、when, where, why引导定语从句l.where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。注意：where不在从句中做主语或宾语。（1）What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?（2）Think of a place where we can go for dinner.(3)Please leave the book at the place where it was.Please leave the book where it wasin

21、terestedin92. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。（1）Tell me the time when the train leaves.（2）July, when （=in which） we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.（3）I will never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.3. why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。（1）I don t know the reason why he left here.（2）This is the

22、 reason why （= for which） he cried.（3）The teacher was surprised at the reason （that/which） he explained for being late.用关系副词when, where why完成句子.1That was the reason _（我必须去医院）and I could not go on myholiday to Britai n.2Mary Brown moved to a place_,_ （她贴近大海）so she could go swimmingevery day.3This was

23、 the time _（庄稼连续三年歉收）and every one was cold andhun gry.4It was the year _（圣诞节停电）and everybody had to cook their dinner bycan dlelight.5I went back to the town _（我五岁时离开的） ,so I could see the housewhere I used to live.6He will never forget the park_（他第一次与他的妻子相识的）.口木-1why I had to go to hospital2where she was dose to the sea3when the harvest failed three years in