2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第二讲句子如何写美讲义

1、2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第二讲句子如何写美讲义写作时应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、复杂句和复合句并用，还可以使用简化句等，这样可以增加文章亮点。一、让简单句“靓”起来t扩写简单句在简单句的基础上充分利用形容词、副词、定语从句和状语从句等来充实句子，让句子体现作者较高的修辞意识。He is sleep ing.tHe is sleepingin class .（添加状语）t He is sleep ingin theEn glishclass.（ 添加定语）tHe is sleepingsoundly in th

2、e English class.（添加状语）tHe is sleeping soundly in the English class whenthe teacher calls his name（添 加when连接的状语从句）tHe, who attended his friend ' s birthday party till midnight yesterday,issleeping soundly in the English class when the teacher calls his name.（添力口 who引导的定语从句）注意：扩写句子时有一点很关键，即要明晰句子的主

3、要成分，并搞清单词的词性，如：它是名词还是动词，是形容词还是副词。二、让句子“瘦”下来T高级简单句有些句子过于冗长，让句子显得不够简洁，如果用单词、介词短语、非谓语动词等简化句子，可使句子变得更加优美。1 用单词简化句子As he was tired and hun gry, the boy was un willi ng to move on.t Tired and hun gry,the boy was un willi ng to move on.2 用介词短语简化句子We will not finish the task if you do not help us.t Without

4、your help, we will not finish the task.3 用非谓语动词简化句子 Mary came late, which made her teacher an gry.t Mary' s ing late made her teacher an gry. Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.t Not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.4 用并列结构简化句子I am a musi

5、c lover. Jack is also a music lover.t Both Jack and I are music lovers.三、交叉使用长句与短句在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好，正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。例中午我们在阳光下吃野餐。休息了一会儿后，我们唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，还有的讲故事、下棋，大家玩得很开心。一般句 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.Then we had a shortrest

6、.Thenwe began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some playedchess.优秀句 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.After ashort rest, wehad great fun singing and dancing, tell ing stories and play ing chess.四、恰当套用某些固定表达方式例1他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句 He was very tired.He couldn ' t walk

7、any farther.优秀句 He was too tired to walk any farther.例2这部电影很有趣，老师和学生都很喜欢。一般句 The film was very interesting.Boththe teachers and the students likedit.优秀句 The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.例3你的儿子已经长大，现在可以自己照顾自己了。一般句 Your son is old.He can look after himself n

8、ow.优秀句 Your son is old eno ugh to look after himself now.专题过关训练I .句型转化（改为高级简单句）1. We know of different cultures by learning English.t Learning English gives us an access to an exploration of a variety of cultures.2. It was a whole day before we got to the top of the mountain on foot.t lt_took_us_awh

9、ole_day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.3. I wasn ' t good at municating with others, which made me feel lonely.t Not being good at municating with others made me feel Ionely.4. As time went on, the class are beginning to know me better.t Withtime _going_on,_the class are begi nning to

10、 know me better.5. They stayed in the cave and had nothing to eat.t They stayed in the cave,with_ nothin g_to_eat.6. I think that helping the poor is our duty.t i thi nk it our dutyto_help_the_poor.7. We talked about Mr.Smith who is our new teacher.tWe talked abo ut Mr.Smith, our_new_teacher.8. Beca

11、use she is working hard, she is bound to rank first in the ing exam.t Work in g_hard,_she is bound to rank first in the ing exam.9. If you speak more, write more and read more, you can improve your English before you know them.t By_speaki ng_more,_writi ng_more_a nd_readi ng_more,_youcan improve you

12、rEn glish before you know them.t Shan ghai,10. Shanghai, which is one of the biggest cities in China, is the most developed.one_of_the_biggest_cities_in_China,_is the most developedn .将下列句子改为高级句1. He is so kind that he can help me.tHe is so_kind_as_to_help_me.(so .as to .)2. When he arrives, please

13、give me an e-mail.t On_arriving/his_arrival,_please give me an e-mail.(o n doin g/sth.)3. I happened to have met him.t it happened that I had met him.(lt happened that .)4. I won ' t believe what he says.tNo matter what he says, I won ' t believe.(no matter what .)5. She walked out of the la

14、b and many students followed her.t Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(过去分词短语作状语 )第2课时 从内容上意蕴丰满一、灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒装语序或以状语开头等，就会增强文章的表现力。在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。在写作中，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级。 We can help to con struct an en ergy-s

15、av ing society only with joint efforts.t Only with joint efforts can wehelp to con struct an en ergy-savi ng society. He not only made a promise , but also he kept it.t Not only did he make a promise ， but also he kept it.1“only修饰副词、介词短语或状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Only in this way can we stude nts study happi

16、ly and effectively.（xx湖南高考满分作文）只有用这种方法，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。2. none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no mea ns等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。No soon er/Hardly had he fini shedhis talk tha n/whe n he was surro un ded by theexcited workers.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。3. 在so/such .

17、that .结构中，当so/such .位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak En glish that he can always make himself un derstood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听懂。4. as/though “尽管”Child as/though he is,he knows a lot about astr onomy.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。5. were/should/had . “如果” Were I in his position, I wouldn' t do it t

18、hat way.如果我在他的位置上，我是不会那么做的。 Looking back, I feel I wouldn' t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.（xx 福 建高考书面表达）回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。6. here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。 In that picture, around the table with t

19、hree books on it sit three students .（xx 上海高考满分作文 ）在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。 For a mome nt nothing happe ned. Then came voices all shouti ng together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。二、合理使用省略句在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。1 祈使句中通常省略主语、谓语的一部分、表语等重复的部分。 (It) Sounds lik

20、e a good idea.听上去是一个好办法。 一Are you thirsty?Yes, I am (thirsty) .你口渴吗？一一是的，我很渴。 Let' s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday .让我们还在昨天的老地方见面。2. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My brother is a doctor andmy sister-i n-law (is) a lawyer.我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。3. 在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状

21、语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或者从句主语是it ,且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去"主语+ be”部分。 Uni ess (he is) in vited,he won ' t e.除非邀请他，否则他不会来。 If (it is) possible,I ' m going to visit some nursing homes in the city.如果有可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。三、适当运用非谓语结构众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散

22、；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。(一)运用非谓语动词转换简单句写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：-写出两牛简单旬.第一步第一步第三步找准两个简锻句的对接点，让一个句子作为 主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写.判断应用何种非谓语动词，把拥好时态和 语态，最石谨接起*U示例第一步：写出两个简单句。 In the newspaper of our school there is a column called

23、 “Foreign Cultures ”. It aims to in troduce America n customs and the life of high school stude nts.第二步：让句作主句，用非谓语动词改写句。第三步：让句作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。In the n ewspaper of our school there is a colu mn called"Foreig n Cultures ”，aiming to introduce American customs and the life of h

24、igh school students.（xx全国卷I满分作文）试用上述方法转换下面句子： Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.This led to a slower growth.tConsequently, some viewers began to turn away fr om cinemas, leading_to_a_slower_growth .（xx 江苏高考书面表达） It carries articles about the cultures of their home coun tries

25、. They arewritte n by foreig n frien ds.t It carries articleswritten _by_foreig n_frie nds about the cultures of theirhome coun tries.（xx全国卷I书面表达 ）（二）运用非谓语动词转换复合句用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。示例第一步：写出复合句。Si nee you have realized that your time is limited, yo

26、u' ll have to study foryour goals without an ger or hesitati on.第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主动关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。Having realized that your time is limited, you' ll have to study for your goals without an ger or hesitati on.（xx安徽高考满分作文）试用上述方法转换下面句子：Because I thought that his

27、 solutio n might be wron g, I carefully an alyzed the problem and tried to work it out i n a differe nt way.tThinking that_hissolution_mightbe_wrong,_l carefullyanalyzed the problemand tried to work it out in a different way.(xx-湖北高考短文写作)2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点ModulelEurope课时训练外研版必修I. 单句语法填空1.

28、 An (agree) with the employers was fin ally reached.2. When he writes , he always keeps a dictionary hand.3. There are many books on his bookshelf, (range) from Chinese literatureto foreig n literature.4. (situate) near the railway stationand airport , this hotel enjoys theconvenience of tran sporta

29、ti on.5. the long term , receiving a good education is very important.6. He moved to Ji ' nan in xx and(live) there ever si nee.7. The building (face) the river is likely to be destroyed by the flood.8. As we all know , at the foot of the mountain (lie) a village.9. Radio , television , newspape

30、rs , magazines and so on are knownthe massmedia.10. Do you accept opinions oppositeyours?答案 1.agreement 2.at 3.ranging4.Situated5. In 6.has lived 7.facing8.lies 9.as 10.ton .单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1. Neither Tom nor she are in favor of the suggestion.2. Facing with a sudden job loss , would you consider it a

31、failure , or an opportunity for a new start in your career?3. The gallery , locating in the center of the city, is the Iandmark of the city.4. Sometimes new markets and new tech no logies go hand by hand.5. I met him last autumn and hadn' t seen him ever since.6. Mydaughter reads a lot of books,

32、 range from con temporary no vels to ancient poems.答案 l.are 宀is 2.Facing Faced 或去掉 with 3 . locating located 4.by in5.had n ' t have n't6. range ranging川.课文改写短文改错Paris is the capital and largest city of France , situatingon the River Seene.TheEiffel Tower is the famous symbol for Paris.The L

33、ouvre is also located in Paristhat is famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres.BarceIona is the second largercity of Spain and is situated in the no rtheast coast.The Church of the SagradaFamilies is one of Barcelona ' s most famousIan dmark.Florence is Italian city becamefamous because of

34、 the Ren aissa nce.Each year,about a million tourists came to seethe art galleries , churches and museumsinFlorence.Athens , the capital of Greece,is known to the birthplace of western civilizati on.答案Paris is the capital and largest city of Francesituati ng，situated on the RiverSeen e.The Eiffel To

35、wer is the famous symbolforParis.The Louvre is also located ofthatin Paris ,is famous for its restaurantswhich,cafes and theatres.BarceIonais thelargersecond lab city of Spain and is situatedinthe no rtheast coast.The Church of onthe Sagrada Families is one of Barce Iona's most famousIan dmarkla

36、ndmarks .Florence isbecameItaliancity1 famous becausebeco mingof the Renaissance.Each year, about a millioncametourists come to see the art galleries,churches and museums in Florence.Athens,the capital of Greeceto,is known the birthplace of western civilization. asIV .单元考点作文串记、根据提示翻译句子1.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔，既是

37、英格兰的首府又是联合王国的首都。(situated)2.伦敦具有多元化的种族、文化和宗教。（ran ge）3.在古代，它一度是世界上最大的城市。(an cie nt)4. 现在它作为旅游目的地而闻名于世，因为它拥有众多的景点、美术馆和博物馆。(be knownas, because of ， gallery)5. 大本钟是伦敦的象征。(symbol)6. 1908年，伦敦承办了第四届奥运会。从那时以来，又承办了两届。(ever since)答案 1.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, situated on

38、the river Thames.2. It has a wide range of peoples, cultures and religions.3. In ancient times , it once became the world ' s largest city.4. Nowit is known as a tourist destination because of numerous scenic spots , galleries and museums.5. Big Ben is the symbol of London.6. In 1908, Lon don he

39、ld the 4th Olympic Games.It has held an other two Olympic Games ever since.二、加上适当的过渡词，连句成篇【参考范文】London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, situated on theriver Thames .It has a wide range of peoples , cultures and religi ons.ln ancient times , it once became the world ' s larg

40、est city.Now it is known as a tourist destinationbecause of numerous scenic spots , galleries and museums.Big Ben is the symbol ofLondon.ln 1908 , London held the 4th Olympic Games .It has held ano ther two OlympicGames ever since.V .阅读理解Earth ' s next superpowerreThe following countries have be

41、en sitting on hidden talents.And now they about to fly.NIGERIA （尼日利亚 ）Nigeria says it pumps out as much oil as the other two oil producing countries, Kuwait and Iraq.All this oil is cycling cash into the Nigerian economy and creating extremely rich businessmen.Analysts say that if Nigeria can improv

42、e its schools and technology, it could balloon into the world 's 13th largest economy by 2050, right between Turkey and Italy.If that reason is not enough for optimism, Nigeria'spresident also has the sunniest name of any world leader: Goodluck Jonathan.VIETNAMAs agriculture has given way to

43、 industry,unemployment in Vietnam has dropped.What's Vietnam's trick? It 's ready to work.Other countries ' laborers aren 't as cheap as they used to be, which makes Vietnam a relative bargain for panies that need new factories abroad.However, the country has almost no railroads,

44、 its highways are in poor condition, and its largest city has just one airport, which was built before the Vietnam War.So what's the use of producing export ready goods if there 's no convenient way to ship them? The good thing is, however, officialsare widening highways, building a new airp

45、ort and so on.CHILE （智利）Pipes, puters, motors, and your microwave all have one thing in mon: They 're made with copper （ 铜） Copper makes the world go round.And lucky fo r Chile, it'sgot about a third of the planet's copper supply.It just needs a way to dig it upand the government is pour

46、ing money into the country's mines.【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个极有希望成为下一个经济强国的国家。 1 Which country will Nigeria be expected to follow in respect ofeconomy by 2050?A Kuwait.BIraq.C Turkey.D Italy.答案 C 细节理解题。根据 NIGERIA部分中的 it could balloon into the world ' s 13th largest economy by 2050, right between

47、Turkey and Italy，可知答案为 C。2What's the problem Vietnam is facing?AIt doesn 't have mone y to build new factories.B. Its people don ' t have eno ugh food to eat.C. It is suffering from the Vietnam War.D. Its transport system is very poor.答案 D 细节理解题。根据 VIETNAM部分中的 the country has almost no r

48、ailroads, its highways are in poor con diti on, and its largest city has just one airport, whichwas built before the Vietnam War.So what' s the use of producing export ready goods if there ' s no convenient way to ship them可以看出，越南的交通系统非常落后。3. What will Chile depend on to get developed?A. Hig

49、h tech.B. Natural resources.C. Investments from other countries.D. The gover nment' s good adm ini strati on.答案 B 推理判断题。根据 CHILE部分中的 Copper makes the world go round.And lucky for Chile, it ' s got about a third of the planet' s copper supply可知，铜在当今社会非常重要，而智利的铜矿资源约占世界铜矿资源的三分之一。由此可推测，智利的经济

50、发展需要依靠自然资源。W .阅读七选五How much money do you really n eed to be happy?So many of us work long, hard hours to provide for our familiesandchildre n ofte n long hours away from home, maybe tak ing on extra jobs at times orhop ing to get a raise in an effort to make our lives richer financially._1_ But_is t

51、here a point at which trying to earn extra money can be coun ter productive?In the Sun day Review ofThe NewYork Times, Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norto nattempt to an swer this questi on._2_People who earn a good livi ng are ofte n happier tha n people who live inpoverty.Havingextra money can certai

52、nlyimprove the quality of our life by providingextra food and objects.But the truth is that earning additi onal ine will actually n ot lead to extrahapp in ess , once you have already atta ined a “ fortable sta ndard ” where you have what you need to function and be content._3_Herein the U. S., the

53、standard fallsaround $75, OOO.Researchers found that higher family ines were related to better moods on a day to day basis.However, the positive effects of money had no effect on people ' s happ in ess and moods after a level of $75,000 was atta in ed._4_Beyond a strong work ethic (道德标准),or the

54、desire to excel and pete with others, it appears that our ideas about money and happ in ess have gone wron g.D unn and Norton explain that the idea that life would be happier with double the salary did not translate into any measurable happiness._5_ People who earned $50, 000were only 9 percent more

55、 content than those making $25, 000.A. Then why do we work so hard?B. What we do with our money is important.C. Twice the money did not lead to twice the happ in ess.D. It seems so many of us just aren ' t content with what we have now.E. There certa inly is a relati on ship betwee n your salary

56、 and happ in ess.F. The “fortable standard ” can be quite variable based on where you live.G. People who spend money on others rather than themselves are happier in the long run.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章论述了钱与快乐不成正比。1. D D 项与上文的 often long hours away from home.richerfinancially相呼应。2. E E项是针对第一段所提问题的回答；下文 People who earn a good living are oftenhappier tha n people who live in poverty进一步说明了 E 项的内容。 3. F F 项与上文的 fortable standard相呼应；下文 Here in the U . S.