初一英语知识点.192

1、【学习目标】一、语音学问1. 2. 单词重读'dinner 'kitchen 'shower 'people for'get pi'ano de'licious re'view二、词汇 1. 1-6单元黑体字 单词 2. 词组what about=how about怎么样认为如何fall asleep=be asleep入睡eat up吃光go to bed 上床睡 觉watch tv 看电视only child 独生子、独生女wash the dishes洗盘子at school/home/work 在学校 / 家/ 工作go

2、up 起床live with sb. 和某人住在一起三、日常用语§ 1. what's your name. my name is mike.§ 2. are you happy. yes, i am./no, i'm not.§ 3. what's your favorite subject. my favorite subject is english.§ 4. do you like sports. yes, i do./no, i don't.四、语法§ 1词.类:名词、冠词、形容词、副词§ 2

3、比.较等级【学问讲解】1. 名词 表示人或事物的名称 ,如boy, clock, book, tree；总的说来,名词分为专出名词和一般名 词两大类；专出名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称 ,如:jim, china专出名词的第一个字母要大写 ,如:beijing, new york 名词按其所表示的事物的性 质分为可数名 词和不行数名 词；可数名 词:可以用数目 运算,有单数和复数两种形式 ,如:an apple, two apples, a car, some cars不行数名 词:一般无法用数目 运算,没有复数形式 ,且不用不定冠 词a/an修饰,如:w ater, milk, me

4、at, tea, bread, rice 单数名词变复数名 词的规章如下表 :注: 少数名 词的复数是不 规章的,如:manmen woman women child children 表示民族的名 词,有的在 词尾加s ,如:an american threeamericans 有的单、复数形式相同,如:a chinese fourchinese asheep threesheep a deer fivedeer2. 冠词冠词是一种虚 词,不能单独使用 ,只能和一个名 词一起使用 ,并帮忙 说明此名 词；冠词有两类,即定冠 词the 和不定冠 词a/an； 不定冠 词常表示 “一”的概念 ,

5、有两种形式 :a和an；a用在辅音音素开 头的单数可数名 词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开 头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,anegg； 定冠词the常表示 “这个”“那个”这“些”那“些”的概念 ,the在元音音素前 读,在辅音音素前 读,如:th e moon, the evening；eg. -do you have an english book. -yes, but the english book is broken. there is a chicken in the picture. we can't see the sun

6、 at night. the browns are going to the park this sunday. shanghai is in the east of china.3. 形容词用来修 饰名词,表示人或事物的特点 ,在句中可以作定 语、表语、宾语补 足语；如:it's a sunny day today. let's go to the park.this book is good.it's very nice of you to help us.常见形容词的同义词与近义词:large big大的glad happy/pleased兴奋的clever br

7、igh聪t明的ill sic病kfine well好的常见形容词的反义词和对应词 :bad坏的 good好的big大的 small小的poor穷的 rich富的 busy忙的free闲暇的dry干的 wet湿的same相同的 different不同的 empty空的 full 满的cold冰冷的 hot热的open开着的 closed关闭的 4. 副词用来修 饰动词 、形容词、其他副词或全句 ,在句中作状 语或表语；eg. now he is back in new york again.现在他又回到了 纽约；mike is a good student. he often does his

8、homework carefully.副词一般分 为七大类: 时间副词:now, often, then, early, ago, before 地点副 词:here, there, out, above, up, down 方式副 词:hard, well, badly, fast, slowly 程度副 词:very, much, still, almost, too, so 疑问副词:how, when, why, where 关系副 词:when, where, why 连接副词:now, where, why often等表示 “频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中 间,又称“中置副 词

9、”；这类副词有always总是、usually通常、sometimes有时、ever曾经、never从不等；“中置”规律: 放在单个的be 动词之后; 放在单个实义动词 之前; 谓语动词为 多个词时,放在第一个助 动词或情态动词 之后；如:you are always late for school.你总是上学 迟到；i usually go to school by bike. i never see that book.he often helps other students.he goes to work on foot sometimes.5. 比较等级在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词

10、有原级、比较级和最高 级三种形式；规章形容词和副词的比较级和最高 级加-er或-est；1不规章变 化的形容 词和副词如下:good/well better bbeasdt wors worst很多many/much more most 几乎没有 little less least远的far farther farthe老st的,旧的old2三种句型 原 级 句 型 : as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和一样”否;定句式 :not as/so+形容词/副词+as,表示“和不一样”；eg. i think kate does just as well as ann.if you like the

11、 chicken, you may have as much as you can. i don't like the film. it's not so interesting as that one. 比较级句型:a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较一些”；eg. this city is more beautiful than that one. it is hotter today than yesterday.he is a much nicer worker.b. 比较级+and+比较级,more andmore+原级,表示“越来越”说,明本身程度的改

12、 变；eg. the world's population is growing faster and faster.世界人口增 长得越来越快；more and more beautiful越来越美丽c. the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越就越”说,明随着前 边条件的 变化,后边的结果也发生变化；eg. the more she eats, the fatter she'll be她. 吃得越多就会越胖； the more, the better.越多越好； 最高级句型:主语+谓语+the形容词或副词的最高级+in/of注:最高级前一般要用 the,如:he is the

13、 most careful student.但在副 词最高级前the可以省去 ,如:he writesthemost carefully in his class. this kind of cake is the most delicious.i like english best.mike is the youngest in his class. he runs fastest.初一英 语上册专题重点动词一、be动词1.依据人称的不同 ,be动词有三种基本形式 ,分别为am,is和are；am用于单数第一人称 i;is用于单数第三人称 he,she,it;are用于其次人称和复数第一,二

14、,三人称 we, you,they；例:i am fifteen years old.我十五 岁了；you are my friend forever.你永久是我的伴侣；he is a hard-working student.他是一个刻苦努力的同学；the students are reading books in the classroom.同学们都在教室里 读书；2. be动词的否定形式直接在后面加not.i am not fifteen years old.he is not a hard-working student.the students are not reading boo

15、ks in the classroom.3. 把be动词的确定句 变成疑问就要直接把 动词be提到句首 ,变型如下 : are you fifteen years old.is he a hard-working student.are the students reading books in the classroom.二. 行为动词1. match v. 相称;匹配 match. . . with. . .e. g. match the words with the pictures,please.请把单词和图画相搭配；2. practise v.练习 practisedoing sth

16、. 练习做；e. g. he practices speaking english every day.他每天都 练习读 英语；3. welcome v. 欢迎. welcome sb. to sp.e. g. please welcome betty and tony to our school.欢迎贝蒂和托尼来我 们学校；4. invite v. 邀请 invite sb. to do sth.e.g. tom invites me to go to the concert with him on saturday.汤姆邀请我跟他周六一起去参与音乐会； invite sb. to sp.e

17、. g. daming invites t ony to the cinema.大明邀 请托尼去看 电影； invitationn.send an invitation to sb.对某人发出邀请5. ask v. 恳求 ask sb. to do sth.e. g. tony asks daming to go to a basketball match.托尼叫大明一起去看 篮球赛；6. have v.有 have lessons上课 have a rest休息 have a look at sth.看看. have dinner 吃饭 have a good time玩的高兴 have a

18、 break课间休息 have a party举办聚会e. g. we have three lessons in the morning.我们早上有三 节课；at eleven o'clock,we have a break and i talk with my friends.11点我们课间 休息,我和我的伴侣 们谈天；in the evening,we watch tv and have dinner. i do my homework and go to bed at ten o'clock.晚上,我们看电视并且吃晚 饭；我做作业然后十点上床睡 觉；7. send v.

19、发送 send sb sthsend sth. to sb.e. g. we usually send him a birthday card.我们常常送给他一张生日卡片；8. make v. 制作； make sth. for sb.e. g. and we often make a cake for his birthday.我们常常为他的生日做一个生日蛋糕； make travel plans on the internete. g. do you often make travel plans on the internet.你们常常在网上制定旅行 方案么. make a trip t

20、o the zooe. g. let's make a trip to the zoo.让我们一起去 动物园吧；9. like v. 喜爱 like doing sth.e. g. daming's uncle likes reading and he reads a lot of books.大明的叔叔喜 欢阅读 ,并且他 常常读很多书； would like sth/to do sth.e. g. would you like to go to the cinema with betty and me.你情愿跟我和 贝蒂一起去 电影院么 . would you like s

21、ome tea.你想来点茶叶么 .10. talk v. 谈话 talk to with sb.e. g. i often talk to my friends on the phone.我常常跟我的伴侣打 电话； talk about sth.e. g. i often talk about our favorite singers with my best friends after school.我常常在课后跟我最要好的伴侣 们谈论 我们喜爱的歌星；11. stay v. 停留 stay at homee. g. let's stay at home and watch tv.让

22、我们留在家里看 电视； stay healthye. g. mr. and mrs. brown do lots of sports and stay healthy.布朗先生和布朗太太做很多运动,保持健康；12. visit v. 参观 visit sb/sp.e. g. welcome to beijing zoo. sixteen thousand people visit it every year.欢迎来到北京 动物园；每年有16000人在此参 观；三. 情态动词 can情态动词 特点:1后面加 动词原型；2否定句和疑 问句不需要借助助 动词构成；e. g. i can play b

23、asketball. can you.我会打 篮球,你会么 .that can't be our teacher:our teacher is in her office right now.那不会是我 们老师,我们的老师现在正在 办公室呢；动词练习一. 用适当的介 词填空；1. can you match the words the pictures.2. let's welcome the foreign friends our country.3. i want to invite my sister my home.4. let's have a party a

24、nd i will send lots of invitations my friends.5. can i have a look your new watch.6. it's father's day tomorrow, and i will send a present my father.7. can you make a cake me.8. my parents always buy a birthday cake me my birthday.9. she usually buys cd her favorite singers.10. i often talk

25、my mother on the phone.11. let's stay home and watch tv.12. i usually download music the internet.13. i am a writer and i write my novels my computers.14. i listen music every day.15. the polar bear comes the arctic.16. he often writes his friends.17. every day i often talk my parents the intere

26、sting things in school.18. on my birthday, i get lots of presents my family and friends.19. who switch the lights. it's so dark in the room, let me switch them二、用所给动词 适当形式填空；1. daming be in class two.2. lingling and daming be good friends.3. lingling with daming be at school now.4. he can speak

27、english.5. we can play basketball and swim.6. tony ride a bike to school every day.7. lucy and lily sometimes do their homework at school.8. i want invite lily seea film with me after class.9. i ask my mother choose a book for me.10. what about have a birthday party.11. he likes play computer games

28、and play cards at weekends.12. let lingling watch tv with me, please.13. how about go swimming on sunday.14. i would like have dinner with you tomorrow. 15. let's go and see a panda三.、时态填空；1. we often play in the playground. 2. he get up at six o'clock. 3. you brush your teeth every morning.

29、 4. what do he usually do after school. 5. danny study english, chinese, maths, science and art at school. 6. mike sometimes go to the park with his sister. 7. at eight at night, she watch tv with his parents. 8. mike read english every day. 9. how many lessons your classmate have on monday. 10. wha

30、t time his mother do the housework.四.按要求修改句子； 1. do you often play basketball after school. 肯定回答 2. i have alot of books. 改为否定句 3. betty's mother likes playing table tennis. 改为否定句 4. she lives in a town near new york. 改为一般疑 问句 5. i watch tv every day.改为一般疑 问句 6. tom has got a goal. 改为一般疑 问句 7. we have chinese lessonsin the a