2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题03-代词

1、1 专题三代词重难点分析代词是代替名词或代替起名词作用的短语或句子的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词、相互代词和关系代词八种。代词类别例词功能人称代词主格i, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 作主语宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 作宾语物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 作定语名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ou

2、rs, yours, theirs 作主语、宾语、表语反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 作宾语、表语、同位语不定代词some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, much, many, other(s), another等视情况而定，一般可作定语、主语、宾语等疑问代词what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, which

3、ever ,whoever, whomever等可作主语、宾语、定语等指示代词this, that, these, those 作主语、 宾语、 定语、 表语相互代词each other, one another 作宾语关系代词that, who, whom, whose, which等连接定语从句下面举例说明其用法，其中疑问代词见“专题12 句子种类”，关系代词见“专题13 定语从句”。一、人称代词的用法1. 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。如：she teaches us english. 她教我们英语。2. 在句中作表语，常用宾格，但有时用主格。如：who is it? 谁呀？it s me

4、. 是我。it was i who told him about it. 是我告诉他这件事的。(强调句型 ) 3. it 的用法用法说明例句2 1 作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物this is not my book. it is mary s. 这不是我的书，是玛莉的。2 替代指示代词this 或 that whats this? 这是什么？its a dictionary. 这是一本字典。whose jacket is that? 那是谁的夹克？it is hers. 是她的。3 指人who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？it s me. 是我。the bab

5、y no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 那个婴儿一看到他 (她)的妈妈就不哭了。4 指时间、距离、天气、环境等whats the time now? 现在几点钟？it s ten past eight. 8:10。it s getting colder and colder now. 现在变得越来越冷了。it s about ten minutes walk from my home to the school. 从我家到学校步行大约要十分钟。it is very quiet at the moment. 目前很安静。5 指代前面整个句子的内

6、容our team won the football match. have you heard about it? 我们队赢得了足球赛。你听说了吗？6 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面跟it 后再跟从句，其从句作 it 的同位语i will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能帮我一个忙，我将十分感激。i hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满嘴是食物的时候说话。i like it in autumn when the weather is clear and

7、 bright. 我喜欢秋天，那时候的天气晴朗。7 (未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的)那件事、那种情况how is it (=your life/your work) going? 情况怎样？do you like it here? 你喜欢这里吗？oh, yes. the air, the weather, the way of life. everything is so nice. 哦，当然。这里的空气、天气、生活方式一切都是这么的美好。8 it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语等it s impossible to get there in tim

8、e. 及时到达那儿是不可能的。i find it strange that she doesn t want to go. 我发现她不想去， 真奇怪。二、物主代词的用法3 1. 形容词性物主代词作定语this is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。his father is an engineer. 他父亲是位工程师。2. 名词性物主代词所作成分例句主语this is her coat. mine is over there. 这是她的上衣，我的在那边。宾语something has gone wrong with my bike. may i use yours? 我的自行车出

9、了点毛病，我能用你的吗？表语this book isn t mine; its tom s. 这本书不是我的，是汤姆的。注意： (1) 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。(2) “ of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友将出席我的生日聚会。三、反身代词的用法所作成分例句1 宾语动宾tom taught himself chinese. 汤姆自学汉语。介宾

10、she loves me for myself, not for my money. 她喜欢的是我，不是我的钱。2 表语she is not quite herself today. 她今天有些不舒服。3 同位语i myself can repair the bike. 我自己会修自行车。the table itself has only three legs. 这张桌子本身只有三条腿。四、指示代词的用法1. 时空的差别。如：there is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. which will

11、you have, this or that? 靠近我的这个座位，还是第四排的那个座位，你选哪一个，这个还是那个？2. this 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。如：i shall say this to you: he is a poor man. 我要跟你说的是，他是一个可怜的人。he was ill. thats why he didn t come. 他生病了，那就是没来的原因。4 3. that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。如：the weather of zhangjiang is better than that of my hometown. 湛江的天气比我家乡的好。t

12、v sets made in nanjing are better than those made here. 南京生产的电视机比在这里生产的电视机好。4. 打电话时this 表示我， that 表示你。五、不定代词的用法可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可数much, (a) little 可数 /不可数none, any, other, all, some 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, ev

13、erybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing 1. none, no one 与 nothing 的用法区别(1) none 既可指人， 也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用来回答how many/much 引导的疑问句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing“什么也没有” ，否定一切，常用来回答 what 引导的疑问句。如：how many people are there in the room now? 现在房间里有多少人？none. 一个人都没有。who is in the room? 谁在房间里？

14、no one / nobody. 没有人。what s in your schoolbag? 你书包有啥呢？nothing. 啥都没有。(2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing / someone / anyone / everyone / no one却不能。如：it is none of my business! 这不关我事。2. each 与 every 的用法区别(1) each 强调“个体”，具有代词和形容词的作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词

15、的数。不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而用not every 表示部分否定。如：the tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张要10 美元。 (each 作同位语 ) (2) every 还可表示“每的、每中的”，下列说法中只能用every：every year or two 每一两年every now and then 时常every other day 每隔一天one car to every 20 people 每 20 人乘一辆车5 choose one out of every ten boys. 每 10 个男孩中选一个。3. anothe

16、r, other, the other, others与 the others 的用法区别不定代词意义用法说明another 再一个，另一个指同类事物中的另一个，用作代词或形容词。如：i don t like this coat. show me another, please. other 另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及 my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如： any other plant, every other day the other

17、 两者中的另一个常与 one 连用，构成one the other 一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others 泛指别的人或物是 other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部 )，不能作定语，构成some others 一些另一些the others 特指其余的人或物是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物4. both, all, either, any, neither 与 none 的用法区别都任何都不两者both either neither 两者 (以上 ) all any none 如：i had to buy all these books

18、because i didn t know which one was the best. 我不得不把这些书都买下来，因为我不知道哪一本最好。it is easy to do the repair. all you need is a hammer and some nails. 做这个修理工作很容易你所需要的是一把锤子和一些钉子。i invited joe and linda to dinner, but neither of them came. 我邀请乔和琳达吃晚饭，但是他们两个一个都没来。which of the three ways shall take to the village

19、? 三条路中哪一条通往那个村子？any way as you please. 任何一条都可以。we had three sets of the garden tools but we seemed to have no use for any. 我们有三套园艺工具，但是我们没有怎么使用它们。5. one, ones, the one, the ones, that 与 those 的用法区别6 one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“a/an+单数名词”；ones 用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替 (尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones 用来替代前面特

20、指的复数名词，有时可用 those 代替 (尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于“the+单数 /不可数名词” 。如：mr. zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present) that i have never seen. 张先生给了我一件十分珍贵的礼物，这件礼物是我从未见过的。mr. zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents) that i have never seen. 张先生给了我许多珍

21、贵的礼物，它们是我从未见过的。the book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk. 桌子上的那本书比桌子下的那本好。the books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk. 桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些好。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的代词填空，使其意思和结构完整。1. we couldn t eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. 2. i hope there are

22、enough glasses for each guest to have _. 3. although he is wealthy, he spends _ on clothes. 4. can you come on monday or tuesday? i am afraid _ day is possible. 5. if you want to change for a double room, you will have to pay _ 15 dollars. 6. shall i sit at this end of the boat or the other end? if

23、you keep still, you can sit at _ end. 7. these plants are watered _ (每两天 ). 8. if we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. 9. there are a lot of trees on _ side of the square. 10. you will not see _ the animals in winter. 二、完成句子用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整。1.

24、 the weather was very sunny the following day, _ was what we had expected. 2. i have finished reading all the books _ are borrowed from the school library. 3. is this the second time _ you have been to guangzhou? 7 4. _ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a st

25、op. 5. can you think of another example _ this phrase can be used? 6. the train on _ he is traveling is late. 7. do you still remember the happy days _ we spent together in beijing? 8. i have bought the same skirt _ she is wearing. 9. is this the reason _ he is late again? 10. her parents wouldn t l

26、et her marry anyone _ family was very poor. 11. i, _ am your best friend, will help you out. 12. the day will come _ the people all over the world will win liberation. 13. the students are talking about the strange people and stories _ they met in the adventure. 14. he is the very man in _ pocket i

27、found my lost money. 15. i have a picture by a famous painter _ was sent to me for my birthday. 三、语篇填空用适当的代词填空。one day, as carl s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with _1_. “ stay home,” the mother said to him. “ when _2_ return, we will kill a pig for _3_ dinner!”when she c

28、ame back, _4_ found carl preparing to slaughter (宰杀 ) a pig for the childs meal. she hurried over to stop _5_. “ what are you doing? you are not really going to kill a pig, are you?” i was just kidding him! “ how can _6_ lie to children?” carl replied. “ _7_ learn each and _8_ movement from _9_ pare

29、nts. if _10_ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. one cannot educate children this way. ”in the end, carl killed the pig. 四、语法填空阅读下面短文 , 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。as a young adult, noah webster was a teacher. at that time, the colonies 1 (fight) for independence from brita

30、in. yet the books that american children used in school all came from britain. the books were all about british people and british places. webster wanted books 2 would mean more to american children s a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader. these books were very popular, and millions of them

31、3 (sell). webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. 4 wanted words to be spelled the way they were pronounced. for example, he thought 5 word “ head” should be spelled “ hed” , and the word “ laugh ” should be spelled “ laf ” . people liked webster s suggestions. unfortunately, thou

32、gh, few words changed were 8 words in 6 an unpronounced “ u” followed an “ o” . that is 7 americans write color and labor, and the british write colour and labour. with the money he made 8 his books, webster was able to start on his great work. this work took more than 20 years to write. it was the

33、first american english dictionary, 9 (publish) in 1828. webster s dictionary had over 70,000 words and 10 (give) the meaning and origin of each. to this day, webster s work is the example that most dictionaries of american english follow. 助读词汇colony n. 殖民地unpronounced adj. 不发音的labor n. 劳动dictionary n. 字典；词典origin n. 起源to this day 至今参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. none; any 2. one 3. little 4. neither 5. another 6. either