高中英语新高考-秒杀任务型阅读(解读,指导和实战)

1、高中英语新高考 -秒杀任务型阅读（解读，指导与实战）这个题型说白了，就是定位，转换。转换无非就是变形，变性，同义转换说法，概括总结。 难在同义转换。如果你知道 turn off 有使人厌烦之意，那么下面让你用一个词来说明 be = turn.off ，你应该知道是 tired, bored 。但是， 你不知道也没有关系， 因为命题人的设题规律虽说都知道， 但是还是有缺陷。 从 2008 年开始有了这个任务型以来，笔者专门研究此题型，算为元老了吧，撰写此类题目（大概500 篇），一 比较熟悉：度有两年江苏孩子用的报纸任务型基本出自本人之手。因此我对其中门道还是其一： 任务型阅读设空答案必须尽量唯

2、一， 而唯一就必须直接用原文的词语， 往年高考真题 中此题型等于送分题。但是后来，对直接用原文词语作了限制，顶多两个。 于是就要在转换 上下足功夫。开始是通过词性变化， 谁料一开始还能难住江苏考生，等考生熟悉了后， 就是 小菜一碟了，于是往短语和逻辑推理上使劲。这样就导致两个不可避免的方向：1）短语必须是固定的搭配，要不然答案众多。如果考生短语搭配掌握还行，那就直接可以 秒杀。反之，就瞎蒙。2）逻辑推理上，这个纯粹是考查智力了，一般来说有两题就直接要考生的小命。有一年年 这样的题目一下子上来四个，导致全省此题型均分 1 分多一点，后来被教研员称为 “废题”， 引以为戒。其二：任务型阅读表格必须

3、简化，换句话说文章再难，表格里的文字要通俗易懂，而且 85% 能再现文章的大意。 我们的很多考生一上来就读文， 结果文章容易还好说， 要是第一段读不 懂就开始发慌。其三：此类题型实际有很大的弊端， 因为有些可以考到的词基本稳定下来了， 尤其是概括词， 概括词分为两类：一是被考烂的普遍意义词，如reasons, ways, 一是标题词。命题人也很苦恼啊， 不能用常见的，那只能用后者了。 概括词若是类似于标题， 就应该在文章中有反复出 现，要不然就不符合英文行文规律。围绕这三点，结合一般做题规律，于是有了此技巧：任务型阅读解题终极技巧 任务型阅读技巧：第一步：看表格，细分析，最快速度找概括词的空和

4、含有短语类的空。概括词一般都在右面找到一个共性的词语， 这个词语或隐或显。 只要你足够耐心， 都会发现 的。什么 definition, concept, difference, reasons,approaches 都是弱智型答案的，现在基本都 是根据右栏隐词得出，也不难。最好得得就是短语， 总有两到三个空， 是固定短语，例如南京三模中的 make joint efforts, a lack of.还有一些是逻辑推测，例如苏锡常的，部队先 城市，然后屠杀居民，这个空还用看文章吗，肯定是占领或攻克了。总有一两个这样的词汇。如此算下来， 再难的任务型， 不看文章都能根据表格拿下 4 空了。再加上

5、总有三个空可以直 接定位（根据专有名词或数字等） ，将词语变形变性即可。第二步：定位，比较先找定位词 （长相特别的词如数字， 大写专有名词等， 有时要结合下一题的原句所在往前回 溯。）如此，任务型在理论上能拿下 6 分保底， 7 分拉分。当然如果你的词汇量实在太差，例如有 的童鞋明知道填 “占领 ”，但是他就是不知道这个单词怎么拼，那我只能说：神仙也没法了。以上行不通，那就：走为上计还有一类题目，纯粹是命题人在玩文字游戏或有意考查你的高达120 的智力。这样的题目，如果找到了对应句子，还无从下手，那就放弃吧。实战第一篇：（难度等级：二星） 请认真阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里

6、填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填 1 个单词。Students in Finland won' thave to studysubjects. Soon, their classrooms would resemble conferences where “ topics ” arediscussed.The education system is Finland is about to undergoa thorough and fundamental change, despite enjoying the distinction of

7、 beingone of the best in the world. The education department has decided to get ridof the old method of “ teaching by subject. ” Instead, the country will nowinvolve the children to help them learn and question by evolving to “ teachingbytopic ”sh,ared LiisaPohjoIainen, Who is in Charge Of youth and

8、 adulteducatiOn in HelSinki - the CaPital City at the forefront of the reformprogram,“isThgiosing to be a big change in education in Finland thatWe' rejust beginning.”The eduCation system, though aPPearing to beradiCal, is quite logiCal, exPlained Pasi Silander, theCity 'desveloPmentmanager,

9、 “ WhatWe need noW is a different kind of eduCation to PreParepeoplefor working life. Young people use quite advanced computers. In the past thebanks had lots of bank clerks adding up figures but now that has totallychanged. We therefore have to make the changes in education that are necessaryfor in

10、dustry and modern society.How does Finland plan to carry out the methodof “ teachingby topic ”E?vidently holisticVoCatiOnal training and CUmUIatiVeSkill development take UP PreCedence over(优先于) “lessons. ” Tihnostehe i r late teens are already being engaged in what Finland refers toas “teaChingby to

11、piC. ”Foer xample, “CafeteriaServiCeS le”SSonS will inClUdeelementS of finanCe, langUageS (to help Serve foreign CUStomerS), writingSkillS and CommUniCation SkillS.the StUdenStUdentS will Slowly be taUght CroSS-SUbjeCttopiCS whiCh woUld Contain varying elementS of mUltiple “SUbjeCtS. ” TheSeelementS

12、 will vary aS per the“topiCt i”Sleoarrnin“g.SkillApartfrom the Same, StUdentS will move away from the traditional Sitting andevalUation teChniqUeS aS well.StUdentS will Sit in Smaller groUpS and worktogether to Solve problemS, improving Upon their CommUniCation SkillS. Theywon'bte made to Sit in

13、 rowS and aSked qUeStionS individUally to aSSeSS theirprogreSS. InStead, a groUp whoSe Cooperative effortS bring oUt reSUltS faSterwill be promoted.The edUCation SyStem needS a thoroUgh reform,owing to the faCt that traditional teaChing teChniqUeS were baSed on primitivetoolS that were qUite limited

14、 in availability and aCCeSSibility.With modernworld being extenSively ConneCted, iSn 'it ttime the StUdentS learned how toStep ahead of mere faCt-baSed learning that promoteS memory expanSion ratherthan mental development?Finland SChOOIS DrOP VSUbjeCtSw-wTopicsr WiIl Be DiSCUSSed InsteadA COmPle

15、te and The education dfundaepartment WiIl (7menta1) QhGoIdI Chanmethod Of *teachigeto tng by SUbjeCC Withe eduh "teaching by topiCatiOnC*SySte(72).toCarrying outthe refOrm(76)ILbehInd the refOrm (73) HIl be g iven io VOCalional trainingand CUmUIatiVe Ski Il development rat her than wIessonsw. C

16、rOSS-SUbJeCt t OPlCS (74) A-Varyi ng elements Of Var ious -SUbjects* WiIl be taught to StUde ts. StUdentS WiII Sit and StUdy inSmalI groups W here they are enCOUraged to (75) A With each Olher to bring OUt results. The developme nt Of industry and modern SOCiety (77) for reforms in e ducation SyStem

17、 PnmitiVe tools On WhiCh tradition al teaching Were b asedhad SOme (78) . SO the education S ystemneeds reforming t horoughly. Dlfferent COUntr ies are extensively(79) A tOeach other, and it i S high time for StU dents to Iearn to(80) _A_from mere memory expandin g to mental develo Ping.第一步 :看表格 ,秒杀

18、概括词和短语搭配词短语固定搭配 5 个teaching byThe education department will (71) the old method of “ teaching by subject ” with topic. ”短语搭配词一般都是动词和介词联合,有点像我们说的 “男女搭配，干活不累 ”。这里是 with ，再结合句意：前面是按照学科教，后面是按照话题教，而且按照学科教是“old ”(老的，言下之意，过时了)，自然是replace 了，构成短语：replacewith ；即：用代替(73) will be given to vocational training an

19、d cumulativeskill development rather than解析：一看这个空，第一时间跳出搭配： give priority to ，这个短语你应该知道的，因为写作 中这个短语和 attach importance to 是高级高频短语，意为 “重视(。加上后面的 rather than ， 验证了答案，即重视什么而不是什么。The development of industry and modernsociety (77) for reforms in education system.解析：关注后面介词for ,然后结合句意：工业和现代社会的发展 制度的改革，发展需要

20、改革，短语 calls for。 Primitive tools on which traditional teaching were based had some (78) , so the educationsystem needsreforming thoroughly.解析：原来的工具(定语从句。 。)有 , 因此教育制度需要彻底的改革。我想考生应该会有这个常识，东西不好，才需要改革，所以，这里应该是有 “弊端 (， drawbacks ， shortcomings 等。 Different countries are extensively (79) toeachother, and

21、 it is high time for students to learn to (80) from mere memory expanding to mentaldeveloping.解析：79空要考查一个 be；to的短语，不容易想到，但是接下来的空还是容易的，即：学 生需要 从记忆扩展到精神发展。涉及到短语 change from to.。.两个概括词：(72) to carrying out the reform解析：看右栏里面的 “显 (词： will be given, taught, sit 都表示将要做什么，毫无疑问，这个空 表示以后要采取的步骤或方法，命题人耍了个花招，用C

22、arrying ,只有approaches to doing ,话说，这个空毫无技术含量的， n 年前就有了。(76) behind the reform解析：看到 behind ，还是概括词， 第一个印象就是 reasonsbehind 的搭配，然后右栏还有 so,it ' s high time 等，再一次验证了。第二步：定位，比较Cross-subject topics (74) varying elements of various “ subjects ” will be taug.ht to students解析：以 Cross-subject 来定位，因为它长得比较专。定

23、位此句： Students willslowly be taughtCroSS-SUbjeCt topics WhiCh would ContainVarying eleme nts Of multiple,原句用定 从SubjeCts.这里用后置定语， containing。StudentSwill Sit and Study in Small groupS where they are enCouraged to (75) with eaCh otherto bring out reSultS.解析：这个短语搭配我犹豫了一会，该不该提前秒杀？这里talk,diSCuSS, Cooperat

24、e, interaCt都可以讲得通，但一般不可能填这么多意思相差有点大的答案。所以还要定位。这里要用bring OUtreSUItS (用名词定位比较靠谱，其次就是做题的嗅觉)原句：Instead, a group whoseCooperatiVe effortSbring out reSultS faSter will be promoted. 就是把 CooperatiVe 变性而已。答案： Cooperate 。DifferentCountrieS are extenSiVely (79) toeaChother, and it iS high time for StudentS to

25、learn to (80) from mere memory expanding to mentaldeVeloping.这里定位也比较简单，谁让 extenSiVely 长得如此显眼，定位： With modernworld being extenSiVely ConneCted ，故这里 ConneCted 。至此，这篇任务型被迅速拿下，前后时间： 3 分钟，考生必须全对。第二篇：（难度等级：四星）第四部分：任务型阅读 （共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 l0 分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在

26、答题纸上相应题号的横线上。Theemotional bond a Child SeCureS with itS parentS haS a greater impaCt on itSeduCation than preViouSly thought, a report SuggeStS. The Sutton TruSt StudySayS Children' S early attaChmentparentS haS far-reaChing ConSequenCeS fortheir ability to Speak, learn and think. ParentS who ar

27、e inSeCure themSelVeSfind it harder to proVide Children with SeCurity, it SayS. And the report CallSfor more help So parentS Can deVelop SuCh CruCial bondS. The Study foCuSeS onthe appliCation of thetheory of attachment a key theory in child developmentand psychology. This says the degree to which c

28、hildren are secure and resilientas they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers andfathers and how they have bonded.Thereport from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes thecase that it has an impor tant impact on children 'futsure educational ch

29、ancesas well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments andobservations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues thatalthough psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not beensee

30、n by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asksthem to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do notform these strong parental bonds known assecure attachment they are more likelyto exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach schoo

31、l.Andit cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, withinsecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employmentor training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance andhyperactivity later in life.TheSutton Trust says its analysi

32、s of the research suggests that about 40% ofchildren in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead authorSophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representativestudies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, thatbetween 38% and 42% of child

33、ren suffered from poor attachment in all thedifferent study locations. She added: “ Secure attachment really helps childrenwith emotional and social development and at school it really helps them tomanage their behavior. Shouting,Iook ing OUt Of the Win dow, hitti ng eachotherthetfmgsetlaeteachers W

34、iIl tell you thatare stoppingchildren from learning. It's really only as we understand more about thesebehaviorproblems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this earlybonding with parents.Researchdirector at the trust Conor Ryan said:“ Better bonding between parents andbabies could

35、lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link toeducation, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges earlyin life, with a 19month school readiness gapbetween the most and leastadvantaged children by the age of five.This report clearly identifies the fundamental rol

36、e secure attachment could have innarrowing that school readiness gap and improving childrenl'ifes chances. “Moresupport from health visitors,children 's centers together with localauthorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children couldplay a role in narrowing the educa

37、tion gap.”The SUttOn TrUSt StUdyIntrOdUCtiOnThe StUdy reveals ChiI drerYs early attachme nt to ParentS (71)affects their abilit y to SPeakf Iearn and t hink.MethOd Of the StUdyReSearCherS (72) 一 more than 100 Ca Se StUdieS On the iss e through ViSiting ho mesr assessing Childr en and (73)Childre n.S

38、tatiStiCS Of the StU dyJn Ihe UKt OnIy about 60% Of Children have a SeCUre attachment With their parents.In Other COUntrieS Wh ere the StUdieS Were C arried OUt the number S are quite (74)-NegatiVe e ffects Of i secure (7 5).A (76)Of SeCUre Parental bonding may Iead to POOr Iang Uage and behavior fo

39、r PreSChOOl Children.At the age Of five, the (77)SChOOl readiness gap between ChiIdren Can be 19 mo nths.VVithOUt SeCUre attac hment. future Iife diff CUltieS SUCh as quittin g SChOOIr (78)- .from WOrk and Other emotional issues WOU Id emerge.The SignIfl CanCe Of P arental att achme ntBetter bonding

40、 betwe en Parents and babies COUId Iead to a Chang e in people's SOCial (7 9)because itnarrows ChlIdren,s SC hool readiness gap an d it improves ChiIdre nls Iife ChanCes.SUggeStiOA (80)effort isneeded for StrOng Par Cntchild bonding.第一步 :看表格 ,秒杀概括词和短语搭配词逻辑推测词 3 个：A (76) ofsecure parental bonding

41、 may lead to poor language and behavior forpreschoolchildren.简析：(缺乏 / 没有)安全的父母的纽带也许会导致学前儿童语言表达差和不良行为。短语：a lack of ，当仁不让。A (80)effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.简析：我们会常见的一个搭配： make a joint effort ，共同努力，加上这题肯定在最后一句， 秒扫一眼： children ' scenters tothger with local authorities ，验证答案。1 个概

42、括词：Negative effects ofinsecure (75)简析：右栏的显性词： secure attachment ，加上本篇大量的 attachment 。 第二步：定位，比较The study revealschildren' s early attachment to parents (71) affects their ability tospeak,learn and think.简析：首段第 2 句：Children ' Searly attachment to ParentS has faeaching conSeqUences for their a

43、bility tospeak, learn and think. ，这里 have far-reaching consequences for =greatly affectsReSearcherS(72) more than 100 caSe StUdieS on the iSSUe throUgh viSiting homeS,aSSeSSingchildren and (73)children.简析： 定位词： 100。稍微变性。 原句： ItiS baSed on an analySiSof more than 100 StUdieS on the iSSUe, inclUding home viSitS and aSSeSSmentSand obServationSof children in a range of coUntrieS.In oth