Unit5AFewKindsforSuperstition练习答案

1、Unit 5A Few Kind Words for SuperstitionConsolidation Activities1. Text Comprehension2. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.A. To tell readers the origin and history of superstition in human society.B. To describe four types of superstition and their effects on human na

2、ture.C. To describe four types of superstition and their relevance to science and reason.Key: B 3. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1) . Since superstition is a sign of navete or ignorance, it is only practiced by ill-educated people. F 2) . Idolatry i

3、s manifested by people ' psofound but ungrounded conviction in something that could bring good luck. T 3) . Many people have practiced superstition even without their own awareness. T 4) . Religion and superstition have the same persistent and minatory power on all people. F 5) . Superstition is

4、 prevalent because it can meet people s curiosity about their future. T II. Writing StrategiesIn this expository essay, the author first presents four types of superstition by means of classification and division. Each type is clarified with some anecdotes and examples. Then, he offers his explanati

5、on as to why some people are fascinated with these irrational practices by taking a close look at human nature. During the process, the author now and then inserts some rhetorical questions to achieve a variety of functions. Read the following questions taken from the text and explain their respecti

6、ve meanings:1. Is it because it has an unacknowledged hold on so many of us (Paragraph 1)To express doubt.2. You did not know that superstition takes four forms (Paragraph 3)To introduce the subsequent classification.3. And why not (Paragraph 4)To express certainty.4. Modest idolatry, but what else

7、can you call it (Paragraph 5)To express submission or acceptance.5. How did the Melanesians come by the same idea (Paragraph 9)To express wonder or surprise.6. But when has astrology not been popular (Paragraph 10)To express certainty. (Of course, astrology has always been popular.)7. When has the h

8、eart of man given a damn for science (Paragraph 10)To emphasize the author ' s conviction. (I don ' t really believe that science could work in this manner.)III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1) . Is it because it has an unacknowledged hold

9、 on so many of us has an unrecognized control over2) . I live in the middle of a large university, and I see superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned.unquestionably3) . If you have ever supervised a large examination room,

10、you know how many jujus, lucky coins, and other bringers of luck are placed on the desks of the candidates.things that are supposed to contain some power to bring good luck4) . When I talked with him, he did not think he was pricing God cheap because he could afford no more.was offering God too litt

11、le money5) . Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.get rid of it completely6) . Superstition makes its appearance, apparently unbidden, very early in es into being7) . The psychoanalysts have their explanation, but calling

12、 a superstition a compulsion neurosisdoes not banish it. do away with8) . No use saying science discredits it.according to science it is false, not believable9) . Superstition in general is linked to mano kn bwsiyeaaningand to have some hand indeciding it.have some control in10) . I am not one to st

13、and aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter . keep a distance from2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1) . I don ' t think you understand thegravity (grave) of the situation.2) . The tone of the letter was placatory (placate).3) . They are forced to live in

14、 deplorable (deplore) conditions.4) . She claimed that the rise in unemployment was just a further manifestation (manifest) of the government ' s incompetence.5) . Religious observances (observe) such as fasting can be hard to follow.6) . The report absolved (absolution) her from all blame for t

15、he accident.7) . The fruit was preserved by submersion (submerge) in alcohol.8) . I divined (divination) from his grim expression that the news was not good.9) . The past two years have seen a proliferation (proliferate) of TV channels.10) . She neiwotic (neurosis) about her weight she weighs hersel

16、f three times a day.3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form. within the bounds | depth | yearning | hasten root out | make an appearance | give a damn have a hold on | come by | stand aloof1) . Ms Campbell has been appointed to root out ineff

17、iciency in this company.2) . Their company has a strong hold on the computer market.3) . What he did was within the bounds of acceptable behavior.4) . The famous movie star make a rare personal appearance last Friday.5) . They had not realized the depth of their feelings for one another.6) . The pre

18、sident hastened to reassure his people that he was in perfect health.7) . Cheap organic food is still difficult to come by.8) . He can think what he likes about me I don give a damn !9) . Although many of his friends were politicians, he stood aloof from politics.10) . I suppose it ' s because I

19、 live in a crowded city that I hyeerthiisg for open spaces.4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1) . People often behave irrationally when they are under stress.do unreasonable things2) . Evidence of links with drug dealers has discredited the President. harmed the reputati

20、on of3) . He devoutly hoped that they would reach a peaceful agreement. sincerely4) . The most effective technique is to cajole rather than to threaten.try to persuade5) . Ares and Aphrodite were the ancient Greek deities of war and love. god and goddess6) . Opera in Britain is enjoying a long-await

21、ed renaissance. rebirth7) . The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice strongly criticized8) . Professor Ross is regarded as the oracle on eating disorders. authority9) Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. widespread10) At night images would c

22、ome unbidden into her mind. appear automatically in5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.Corrections should be done as follows:Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct wor

23、d in the blank.Extra word: delete the extra word with an" x ."Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a N” and write the missing word in the blank.The ZodiacSome of the earliest civilizations on Earth developed in Mesopotamia.In them developed the early division of society

24、 jn farmers, warriors and religious personnel. These priests spent most of their time watching the stars as they were believed to have a direct effect on daily life. On this day, almost everyone knows their birth (or zodiac) sign. Newspapers print out horoscopes; lovers try to figure out A they are

25、compatible, and people spend a lot of money consulting astrologers. The solar year begins with the sun passing through the constellation of Aries around the beginning of April.Aries is a ram, and those born at this time are said to be independent and unpredicted. Then comes Taurus, the strong, not v

26、ery bright, but stubborn bull. Gemini are twins A this doubleness is to be found in those with birthdays in late May and early June. Cancer the crab, moves sideways and can pinch. Leo, the lion, is the king of animals, proud, brave and trustworthy. Virgo, the maiden, is kind and sweet, characterized

27、 by innocence. Libra is the scales that weight what is good and bad, just and unjust. Scorpio, the scorpion, is a very dangerous creature, best avoid. Sagittarius is the centaur, a man-horse, who is also an archer. This gives a fine mixture of qualities. Capricorn, the goat, is versatile, able to su

28、rvive almost anywhere, and A times rather crude and coarse Aquarius, the water-carrier, is a dreamer with some of the fluid quality of water. The year ends with Pisces, the fish, brilliant, slipping and fast.(1) into(2) Toout(4) if/whether(5) unpredictable(6) and(7) weigh(8) avoided(9) at(10) slippe

29、ry6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.TelepathyI can well believe in telepathy, for it has been part of my life since childhood. My own first (1) experience of what might be a kind of telepathy I have already described in A Sort of Life. I would have put it down to m

30、ere coincidence if it had not been repeated twice under roughly the same circumstances, each (2) involving a tragedy at sea and a loss of life. The first occasion was during an Easter seaside holiday at Littlehampton when I was seven years old.I dreamt of shipwreck and I can still see clearly one (3

31、) image of the dream. A man is scrambling up the staircase of a ship and a great wave is coming down to swamp him. Next morning we heard the (4) news of the Titanic sunk that night.Of the second dream of a wreck about ten years later, I have also written. I can recall no (5) details and have lost th

32、e dream diary which I was keeping during a course of psychoanalysis in London. Perhaps writing down the dream cancelled the (6) memory of it. Again, my dream (7) coincided with a real wreck, this time of the Rowan in the Irish Sea when, I seem to remember, a whole orchestra lost their (8) lives.Alwa

33、ys the sea, always lives lost. But the third occasion was not a (9) dream. I was in my flat in Antibes one morning, some six or seven years ago, with (10) nothing to worry me when around breakfast time I was overcome by a deep depression and an anxiety agonizing in its acuteness. I have a witness, f

34、or a friend came to lunch with me and I told her what I feared, that something terrible had (11) happened to one of my family. To distract me, she (12) turned on the radio for the one o ' clock news. A plane coming from Corsica had (crashed that morning into the sea off Cap d Antibes a few miles

35、 away and there were no (14) survivors. On (15) board was General Cogny whom I had known and liked in Vietnam.IV. Translation1. Translating SentencesTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets.1) .孩子们是天真烂漫的，他们都向往真善美的东西。(yearn)Children are innocent, an

36、d they all yearn for what is true, good, and beautiful.yearn vi. to want something a lot, especially something that you know you may not be able to haveHe yearned for her love.They were yearning to have a baby.2) .有些评论家批评该电影对妇女的刻画带有性别歧视。(be condemned by)The film was condemned by some critics for its

37、 sexist portrayal of women.condemn v. to criticize strongly, usually for moral reasons.We condemn his foolish behavior.We all condemn cruelty to children.3) .你不必勉强带我和你一起去。如果你不带我去，我不会生气的。(under compulsion to)t.Don' t feel under any compulsion to take me with you. I won' t be offended if you d

38、oncompulsion n. a legal or other obligation to do something. You are not under any compulsion to make a statement to the police.4) .在那场竞选中，他的对手们散布谣言破坏他的好名声。(discredit)In the election his opponents spread rumours to discredit his good name.discredit vt. to harm someone's reputation. She claims th

39、ere was a conspiracy to discredit her.5) .每当他们开始争吵，我总是离得远远的。(remain aloof)Whenever they started quarrelling, I would always remain aloof.aloof adj. someone who remains or stays aloof from something, is not friendly or does not want to be involved in something.He is always ratheraloofwith strangers.6

40、) .无须惊慌，警方已经控制了局面。(have . in hand)There ' s no need to panic. The police have the situatiorn hand.have in hand: if you have something in hand, you are managing it well so that it happens in the way that it shouldAt half time, they had the match well in hand.7) .遇上一个好老板不是那么容易的。(come by)A good bos

41、s is not so easy to come e by: to obtain something using effort, by chance or in a way that has not been explained. How did you come by such a beautiful house8) .她脸上丝毫没有懊恼的表情。(absent from)Any sign of remorse was completely absent from her face.absent adj. showing that you are not paying attent

42、ion to what is happening because you are thinking about something else. I know that we can never meet again, and you are never absent from my thoughts.9) .你必须打消一切报仇的念头。(banish from)You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind.banish vt. If you banish the thought of something, you st

43、op thinking about it.He has now banished all thoughts of retirement.10) .她对女儿们的影响很大。(have a hold on)She has a strong hold on her daughters.have a hold on: have a strong and secure influence on someoneThe coach has a very strong hold on the members of the team.2. Translate the following passage into

44、Chinese.Superstition is a part of British culture today. Although superstition was more alive a hundred years ago, there are still many superstitious people around now, both young and old.All superstition has grown from something, since there is no smoke without fire. Who was the first one to decide

45、 that opening an umbrella in a house is bad luck Who was the first to walk under a ladder and suffer the consequences Who hung a horseshoe the wrong way up, smashed a mirror and spilled the salt Who first branded Friday 13th as a day on which luck would run outThroughout the sixteenth and seventeent

46、h century life was hazardous, and the central feature of day-to-day existence was a preoccupation with finding explanations for fortune and misfortune. Religion, diseases and fire might have been the most essential elements in the background of the beliefs of superstition. Even though we are not sea

47、rching for the same answers today superstition is still with us as a tradition.参考译文迷信是当今英国文化中的一部分。尽管迷信活动在100年前更为活跃，但现在仍有不少相信迷信的人，有老人也有年轻人。所有的迷信都有其根源，所谓无火不起烟。是谁第一个认为在屋里打伞会带来厄运是谁第一个走在梯子下而遭遇不幸是谁把马蹄铁倒挂是谁打碎了镜子是谁洒了盐是谁第一个把13号星期五看成是最倒霉的日子16和17世纪时，人们的生活中充满了碰运气的成分，每天的生活中心都在于为祸福找 解释。宗教、疾病、火灾也许称得上是迷信的三大最基本的要素。尽

48、管今天我们寻求的答案 已经不同，但是迷信作为一种传统仍然流传在我们中间。V. Oral Activities1. Giving A TalkWherever there are humans, there are superstitions. In other words, the history of superstition is as long as the history of mankind. Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that they are even indifferent to race or creed.

49、 While some people have a deep belief in it, others think it harmful. What ' s your opinion(For reference)As a college student, I believe that superstitions are harmful to mankind. Let me give you some instances.The most important thing is that superstitions can be misleading. Even today there a

50、re still many people in remote places in China who trust more in witchcraft than in medical treatment. It has caused so many tragedies. Some people even try to achieve their goals through superstitions rather than hard work.However there are also some kinds of superstition that are not so harmful. F

51、or example, everyone has his lucky numbers and favourite colors. Different nations believe in different kinds of superstition. What is considered to be lucky in one culture might be unlucky in another. This is because we all have our own traditions and customs.2. Having A DialogueThe author mentions

52、 in the text that there are four forms of superstition, namely, Vain Observances, Divination, Idolatry, and Improper Worship of the True God. Some superstitions are so widespread and influential that people from many countries all believe them.Now work in pairs. Suppose one of you is a reporter, and

53、 the other an anthropologist who studies superstitions. Make an interview about the reasons why people believe in superstitions.(For reference)A: Nice to meet you, Mr./Ms. T' m reporter from the China Daily. I' dke to ask you some questions on superstitions.B: Oh, that ' s an interesting

54、 topic.A: You see, I come from a small village and people there seem to be very superstitious.B: For exampleGiving A Talk | Having A DialogueCA-Oral activities-dialogue-2A: Back in my hometown there are many temples where people would bring food, fruit and candles to bribe the Buddha every first and

55、 fifteenth day of the month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Do you think everybody believes in superstitionB: Honestly speaking, all of us are superstitious to some extent. For example, we would choose a lucky day to get married, to move into a new house, etc.A: Can you give us some reasons

56、 why people believe in superstition, even learned and rational individualsB: The most important reason seems to me to be history and tradition. Most of the superstitions have been passed down from generation to generation. But as you have just mentioned, religion also plays a very important role. Be

57、sides, people from one country often have similar preferences. Say, we Chinese all like the numbers six and eight and dislike the number four but people from English-speaking counties all loathe the number thirteen.A: But my lucky number is five and my mother' s is nine.B: Yes, personal experien

58、ces and tastes are another factor.A: Any other reasonsB: Yes, legends, historical events, and even disasters, to name just a few. In this connection, we can say that superstitions are a complex reflection of our past and present.A: Thank you, Mr. B: You' re welcome.VI. Research Paper WritingEvaluating Material SourcesThere is a lot of information available, not all of which is trustworthy.The quantity of information available is so huge that we cannot know everything about a subject. For example, it is estimated that anyone att