抗生素是某些微生物(真菌ppt课件

1、内内酰酰胺胺类类四四环环素素类类氨氨基基糖糖苷苷类类大大环环内内酯酯类类氯氯霉霉素素化化学学结结构构*内内酰酰胺胺类类青青霉霉素素类类头头孢孢菌菌素素类类内内酰酰胺胺酶酶抑抑制制剂剂非非经经典典的的 内内酰酰胺胺类类HRNNSOOCOOHHHCH3CH31234567青青霉霉素素HRNNOOHHSCOOHCH2A1头头孢孢菌菌素素2345678 青霉素钠青霉素钠*化学名为化学名为 2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基二甲基62苯乙酰氨基苯乙酰氨基7氧代氧代4硫杂硫杂1氮杂双环氮杂双环3，2，0庚烷庚烷2甲酸钠盐甲酸钠盐NNSOOHCH3CH3OONaHH1 12 23 34 45 5H6 67

2、7 氨苄西林氨苄西林*化学名为化学名为6D() 2氨基氨基苯乙酰氨基苯乙酰氨基青霉烷酸的三水化合物青霉烷酸的三水化合物NNSOOHHCH3CH3OOHHHNH2H3 H2O126 阿莫西林阿莫西林*性质：性质：1.也可产生聚合反响；也可产生聚合反响； 2.在磷酸盐、山梨醇与二乙醇在磷酸盐、山梨醇与二乙醇胺存在时，可发生分子内成环反响而胺存在时，可发生分子内成环反响而生成生成2，5-吡嗪二酮吡嗪二酮P501。NNSOOHHCH3CH3OOHHHNH2HOH3 H2O 哌拉西林哌拉西林*NNSOOHHCH3CH3OOHHNHONNOOHH3CH3 H2OHNNSOOCH3CH3OOHHSCOOHH

3、OCH3 替莫西林替莫西林HRNNOOHSCOOHCH2OCOCH3HHNNOOHSSCOONaCH2OCOCH3H 头孢噻吩钠头孢噻吩钠*性质：性质：弱酸性及中性条件较稳定，弱酸性及中性条件较稳定，pH8以上以上室温易分解室温易分解P503)。HNNOHSCOOHHHOCH3ONH2H2O12345678 头孢羟氨苄头孢羟氨苄*化学名为化学名为 6R,7R)3甲基甲基7 (R)2氨基氨基24羟基苯基乙酰氨基羟基苯基乙酰氨基8氧代氧代5硫杂硫杂1氮杂双环氮杂双环4,2,0 辛辛2烯烯2甲酸一水合物甲酸一水合物HNNOHSCOONaHONH2ClH2O头孢克洛头孢克洛*NNOHHOSSCOONa

4、NNNNCH3HOHNNNOOCH2CH3OHH头孢哌酮钠头孢哌酮钠*NNOSSCOOHNNNNCH3SNOHHOCH3头孢美唑头孢美唑 头孢噻肟钠头孢噻肟钠*化学名为化学名为6R,7R3乙酰氧乙酰氧基甲基基甲基7(2氨基氨基4噻唑噻唑基基)甲氧亚氨基乙酰氨基甲氧亚氨基乙酰氨基8氧代氧代5硫杂硫杂1氮杂双环氮杂双环4,2,0辛辛2烯烯2甲酸钠盐甲酸钠盐NNOOHSCOONaCH2OCOCH3HSNH2NNOCH3H123456781234 克拉维酸钾克拉维酸钾碱性条件下极易开环水解自杀机制碱性条件下极易开环水解自杀机制的酶抑制剂的酶抑制剂仅有微弱的抗菌活性仅有微弱的抗菌活性复方制剂奥格门汀、泰

5、门汀复方制剂奥格门汀、泰门汀NOHCH2OHCOOKHHO123456NSHOOOCH3CH3COONa 舒巴坦钠舒巴坦钠NCOOHSNNHHHHOCH3OHHHH2O 亚胺培南亚胺培南NNNOHOOH3CCH3OOHCH3HSOOOHSNNH2H氨曲南氨曲南OHOOHOCONH2OHN(CH3)2ROHH3COHCBR123456789101112ADHH 盐酸多西环素盐酸多西环素OHOOHOCONH2OHHOHHH3CHHN(CH3)2OHHClC2H5OH1/2H2O 1/2123456789101112ABCDOHOOHOCONH2OHHHN(CH3)2OHCH2HOHHHCl盐酸美他

6、环素盐酸美他环素OHOHOHOH2CNHCH3OHOOCHOCH3HOHNOHOHNHC NHNH2C NHNH2.H2SO4N-甲基葡萄糖胺链霉糖链霉双糖胺链霉胍OH2NOHONNH2OHOHONH2HOHOHOOOHHONH2HOHOOOH3COHHOCH3OHCH3H3CH3CCH3CH3OOOHONCH3CH3CH3OOCH3OHCH3CH3123567910111213红霉素红霉素*OOOH3COHHOCH3OHCH3H3CH3CCH3CH3OOOONCH3CH3CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3OOOCH3OHCH3CH3 琥乙红霉素琥乙红霉素*红霉素红霉素5位的氨基糖位的氨基糖

7、2OH与琥珀酸乙与琥珀酸乙酯成酯酯成酯ONOH3COHHOCH3OHCH3H3CH3CCH3CH3OOOOOCH3OHONCH3CH3CH3OOCH3OHCH3CH3 罗红霉素罗红霉素*红霉素红霉素C9肟衍生物肟衍生物OHONCH3CH3CH3OOCH3OHCH3CH3OOOHHOCH3OCH3H3CH3CCH3CH3OONCH3H3CCH3 阿齐霉素阿齐霉素环内含氮原子的环内含氮原子的15元大环内酯元大环内酯OOOH3COHHOCH3OCH3CH3H3CH3CCH3CH3OOOHONCH3CH3CH3OOCH3OHCH3CH3 克拉霉素克拉霉素红霉素红霉素C6羟基甲基化产物羟基甲基化产物 氯霉素氯霉素*化学名为化学名为D苏式苏式N(羟基甲基羟基甲基) 羟基对硝基苯乙基羟基对硝基苯乙基2，2二氯乙酰胺二氯乙酰胺CH2OHO2NHONHCOCHCl2HH12CH2OHSHONHCOCHCl2HHH3COO甲甲 砜砜 霉霉 素素 盐酸克林霉素盐酸克林霉素NCH3H7C3COHNHClHCH3OOHOHSCH3OHHCl123467OH3CPO3H2HH磷霉素磷霉素HNNSOOCOOHHHCH3CH3OHNNSOOCOOHHHCH3CH3OCH3青青霉霉素素V非非奈奈西西林林HNNSOOCOOHHHCH3CH3NOCH3苯苯唑唑西西林林HNNSOOCOOHHHCH3CH3N