智能建筑 毕业设计 英文 外文 翻译

1、英文原文Intelligent Building1、 GeneralAn Intelligent Building is one conceived and designed with an integrated flexible and modular communication cabling infrastructure capable of accommodating the needs of information intensive users for advanced information technology and services.Ever increasing occu

2、pation densities as well as the exponential development and quasi universal use of personal computers coupled to market globalization and communication capabilities, over the past 20 years, have rendered the Intelligent Building (IB) concept a priority consideration in the planning of new or upgrade

3、dOffice buildings.Evolution towards new social priorities, for the more educated office worker of today, has also led to substantial increases in environmental issue demands and standards. Social studies revealed a direct relationship between user satisfaction in the workplace and productivity. Indi

4、vidual control capability of ambient conditions, at each work station, was identified as a major element leading to user satisfaction.Technological developments and cost attenuations through technological development and product availability have now rendered the Intelligent Building a viable and a

5、justifiable option from a strict cost to benefit aspect.2、OverviewDefinitions for the Intelligent Building concept still vary but the most accepted description is the one produced by the Barcelona-based Institut defons Cerdà:“A building which incorporates information systems that support the fl

6、ow of information throughout the building, offering advanced services of business automation and telecommunications, allowing furthermore automatic control,monitoring management and maintenance of the different subsystems or services of the building in an optimum and integrated way, local and/or rem

7、ote, and designed with sufficient flexibility to make possible in a simple and economical way the implementation of future systems.”To the uninitiated, the perception of a buildings degree of intelligence is too often correlated with the sophistication level of its Energy Management and Control Syst

8、em (EMCS) and its Communications system. However, to be effective, it must also encompass its mechanical and electrical systems order to minimize costs and maximize efficiency. There would be little point in developing ideal EMCS and its Communication systems for the occupants if HVAC, Lighting and

9、other systems annot meet and satisfy the needs of the occupants.In a new IB installation we should expect the following features: High- speed fibre optic communication network trunk for data, video and BAS. Flexible HVAC system with modular distribution and 100% outdoor aircapability to take advanta

10、ge of free cooling as well as to allow flushing ofthe building to dilute volatile off-gassing contaminants; Advanced integrated Energy Management & Control System (EMCS)utilizing direct digital control technology for HVAC, Lighting, Fire Alarm and other building support systems; Dedicated circui

11、t power distribution network complete with Uninterruptable Power Supply units; Generous standby power generation; High efficiency filtration, energy recuperation and/or thermal storage features to improve indoor air quality and energy consumption performance; Networked multi-user access incorporatin

12、g structured password protection; Maximum transparency and communication capabilities between subsystems; Electrical design features tailored to Intelligent Building; Individually controlled HVAC terminal units allowing occupant control flexibility through Intelligent Terminals Controllers at each w

13、orkstation.In retrofit buildings we would expect variations of the above features based on an owning and operating economical analysis taking into account the existing services and the benefits ensuing through their replacement and/or upgrade. Major retrofits, particularly those involving designs da

14、ting back 20 years or more, are generally dictated by a combination of the following: New code requirements, Updated indoor air quality standards, Revised energy efficiency guidelines, Increased internal electrical requirements associated to the generalized use of PCs. Revised building use. The aver

15、age life cycle of most M&E installations is 20 years versus an average building life cycle of 50 years. These retrofits, therefore, often dictate a complete revamping of the existing M&E installations well before the buildings life cycle has expired. This frequently offers an opportunity to

16、upgrade the buildings support systems to IB standards.3、HistoryThe IB concept surfaced in the early 80's and generally advocated extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of building support and communication systems for voice and data. The initial concept p

17、romoted communication networks to allow centralized word processing services and limited interaction between individual occupants and the Building Automation Systems through touch tone phones to override local HVAC set points and lighting schedules.Builders and owners were pressured to develop intel

18、ligent buildings, in spite of the high premium costs, at that time, for prestige reasons and for enhanced rental potential.The Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as other specialized interest groups soon developed specific products and applications to meet and f

19、acilitate the implementation of the Intelligent Building concept. These developments coupled to the burgeoning Personal Computer market development have since reduced cost premiums drastically and greatly improved the ensuing benefits for Intelligent Buildings.The IB concept is now well accepted and

20、 applied in Europe, Asia and North America.4、Future trendsThe former Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) foundation advocated, a few years ago, a need to recognize, in future building designs, the transition from national economies to a combination of local and global economies and therefore the ne

21、ed to facilitate each employees access to global communication networks. They predicted that information technology access will provide the biggest single impetus for change in the office environment. This prediction has now become a reality.IBI also predicted that environmental issues and particula

22、rly Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) were becoming a primary concern in the design of the new office buildings. Improved air filtration and increased air change were pinpointed as major concerns in addition to flexible ambient room condition control.Other studies performed recently reveal that the use of Pe

23、rsonal Environment Controllers formerly called Intelligent Terminal Controllers or has measurably increased occupant satisfaction in the workplace on a number of pilot project installations. PECs are a combination of mechanical, electrical and control devices developed for the work station environme

24、nt control and conceived to provide the occupant with the means to define and interact on temperature set points, air flow volume and diffusion patterns as well as lighting levels affecting productivity and user satisfaction. These studies have associated improved production to the use of Intelligen

25、t Terminals Controllers.5、Intelligent Building ModelThe IB model structure has been subdivided into seven systems which may be interfaced to varying degrees. These systems are.·Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system;·Lighting System;·Electrical Power Distribution syste

26、m;·Vertical Transport System;·Security System;·Life Safety System;·Communications System;The general objective of the Intelligent Building System is to regroup control of these subsystems and facilitate interchange between them to the maximum justifiable extent while maintaining

27、maximal initial and future competitive bidding possibilities of each component as well as allowing dependent and timely upgrading of each system as new technologies evolve in its particular field.The IB concept also attempts to combine, wherever possible, the cabling networks for these subsystems in

28、 order to minimize costs and facilitate intercommunication or allow future upgrading.Efforts are being deployed between ASHRAE, IEEE, AEE and the computer industry to develop universal communication protocol standards. It is not expected, however, that universal standards will become a reality for a

29、nother decade. The cabling structure must therefore be conceived to accommodate the foreseeable requirements with minimal disturbance and cost when and if universal standards materialize. The favoured backbone communication cabling technology at this time favors fibre optic technology, because of it

30、s high speed communication potential.6、 Facilities Managementnumber of facility management programs are available on the market. They vary in complexity as well as in their ability to integrate complex systems such as:· CAD drawing records of floor and office layouts;·Furniture inventory;&

31、#183; Maintenance management programs for M&E equipment· Preventive maintenance of building structures;· Real time data acquisition on equipment run time;· Dynamic energy consumption totals per tenant;· Historical data storage;· Cost control and budgeting capabilities;&#

32、183; Analytical programs.The Intelligent Buildings role in this system is to allow communication between the overall facility management program and specialized management sub-programs such as the EMCS, the M & E Maintenance Management or the Preventive Maintenance to gather data or convey user

33、complaints. his communication flexibility in IB installations allows the allocation of specific management systems on the basis of areas of specialization,competencies or individual buildings of a complex while maintaining capabilities for overall centralization of data and control.The IB communicat

34、ion capabilities can also facilitate interchange withaccounting or other Networks to import or export pertinent data whether inhouse or outsourced.7、ConclusionsThe Intelligent Building concept represents a new trend in office building planning and one more step towards the future through added flexi

35、bility and adaptation to market and communication globalization. This concept regroups worker and building management needs in a common and manageable communication infrastructure. The basic IB objective is improve worker satisfaction and productivity through enhanced work space environment and comm

36、unication capabilities.Including the IB concept in the initial planning stages of the modern office building will provide substantial flexibility for the mid and long term life of the building particularly to communication intensive user clients. In most instances it will reduce tenant fit up costs

37、down the road and provide enhanced flexibility and management capabilities while reducing energy consumption. Full implementation of all IB systems may not be necessary in the initial fit-up of a building. It is, however, mandatory to recognize the basic overall concept and implement a full communic

38、ation cabling back bone structure from the onset in order to accommodate future user needs. The communication back bone must be distributed to strategically located communication rooms (Telco rooms) on each floor as part of the initial design.Subsequent floor distribution associated to any new or up

39、graded IB system could be achieved, via the suspended ceiling space with minimal cutting and patching. Justification for the IB concept must be analyzed independently for each building or fit-up and must take into account all derived benefits including increased productivity, flexibility, improved c

40、omfort and worker satisfaction as well as potential future savings over the projected life cycle of the building. Application of the basic Intelligent Building concept in todays modern office building should lead to positive Cost to Benefit evaluations when weighed in terms of increased user satisfa

41、ction and productivity and improved energy efficiency or flexibility.附录三 中文译文智能建筑1、简介 智能建筑是要求有一个综合布线和灵活模块化的通信基础设施，通过先进的信息技术和密集的信息服务用户来实现。要求具有先进的信息技术和设计能力服务于密集的信息用户。 随着居住密度不断增长，以及发展指数的增加，在过去20年来市场的全球化和通信的广泛应用，个人电脑的普遍使用，已经使智能建筑（IB）的概念，首先考虑在规划新办公楼或者提升办公楼的智能化。 随着社会办公楼的演变，由于今天越来越多的教育工作者，导致了环境问题，标准大幅增加。社会

42、研究表明了住户对工作场所的满意度与生产力的直接关系，单独控制的环境条件下，每个工作站的能力被确定为导致用户满意度的一项重要内容。随着技术的发展，通过技术开发和产品供应的成本已呈现衰减，智能化应该从一个可行的和从严格的成本效益方面合理选择。2、 概述 智能建筑的概念定义有所不同，但最被接受的描述仍然是由巴塞罗那的研究所的塞尔达描述的那样：“一个建筑物结合信息的系统，支持整个大楼的信息流通，为客户提供先进的服务和自动化业务通信，能够进行自动控制，监测和综合业务的本地或远程管理，具有不同的子系统或楼宇设备，并有足够的灵活性，旨在用一个简单经济的方式使一个系统实现。 对于一个外行人士来说，对一个建筑的

43、智能化程度的看法往往是在其资源管理、控制系统（EMCS）及其通信系统的复杂程度来看，然而，最重要的是还是其机械系统及电力系统来降低成本和提高效率，在理想的机械设备系统、监控系统及通信系统中，对于暖通空调，照明以及其它系统，我们希望做到以下几点（1）高速的光纤通信数据，视频和BAS网络的主干;（2）灵活的空调系统采用模块化分布和100的室外空气交换。以及能利用自然冷却将挥发性有毒气体稀释（3）先进的综合资源管理与控制系统（EMCS），对空调，照明，消防报警等设备及其系统进行直接数字控制;（4）具有专用电路配电网络能够满足不间断电源设备;（5）充足的备用发电;（6）过滤效率高，能量恢复和储存热量功

44、能，以改善室内空气质量和满足能源消耗;（7）多用户访问网络 其中纳入密码保护机构;（8）最大的透明度和子系统之间的通信能力;（9）电气设计特点针对智能建筑; 单独控制的空调末端装置，允许在每个站点，乘员通过智能终端控制器控制的灵活的控制，我们期望拥有一个经营经济分析的规划，考虑现有的服务和利益，并通过他们进行更换，随后根据以上特点的变化或升级，进行改造。特别是那些涉及设计，可以追溯到20年或更长时间，一般都是出于对以下组合：新的规范要求，（1）更新室内空气质量标准，（2）经修订的能源效率准则，（3）增加相关的普遍使用的个人电脑内部的电气要求。（4）经修订建筑用途 大多数机电设备的平均寿命周期是

45、20比建筑平均寿命周期50年短。因此，往往在该建筑的生命周期已经过期之前对现有的机电装置完成改造。这往往提供了一个机会，以提高建筑的支撑系统的智能标准。3、历史 智能建筑的概念在80年代初出现的，一般主张制定集中的电子系统及广泛使用，以促进支持和语音和数据通信系统的控制的发展。最初的概念推广，出现了通信网络的文字处理服务，集中有限的互动音频 ，通过人与人之间的沟通，住户楼宇自动化系统覆盖暖通空调系统和照明系统，发展智能建筑，尽管成本很高，在那个时候，只能建筑这种威严能提高租金及建筑的价值。 楼宇自动化系统和通信系统的行业的发展，以及其他专业人士很快制定了具体的产品和应用，满足了智能建筑的实施。在加上蓬勃发展的个人电脑市场发展的这些事态，大幅度降低了成本，大大提高智能建筑的蓬勃发展，智能大厦的概念随之被接受而一直延续到现在，在欧洲，亚洲和北美广泛应用。4、未来趋势 先前，智能建筑学会（IBI）基金会倡导，几年后有必要认识到，在未来的建筑设计中从本地经济过渡到国家及全球经济的结合，因此有必要促进每个员工的进入全球通信网络，他们预言，信息技术的