Unit4Lesson12Grammar,Speaking,Pronunciation

1、grammar & speaking & grammar & speaking & pronunciationpronunciationlesson 12read these sentences and pay attention to although, because, but or so.1. bones are important because they help us move freely. = bones help us move freely, so they are important.2. although we get vitamin d

2、 from food like fish and eggs, we can also get it from the sun. = we get vitamin d from food like fish and eggs, but we can also get it from the sun.read these sentences and pay attention to although, because, but or so.3. bones are hard on the outside, but theyre soft on the inside. = although bone

3、s are hard on the outside, theyre soft on the inside. although, but conj. although的意思是的意思是“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，用来引，用来引导让步状语从句，在一般情况下可以和导让步状语从句，在一般情况下可以和though互换，但互换，但though比较口语化，而比较口语化，而although较为正式，另外较为正式，另外although的语气比的语气比though重。当重。当although / though引导的从句放引导的从句放在句首时，主从句之间要用逗号隔开。在句首时，主从句之间要用逗号隔开。 but引引导的从

4、句多放在主句后。导的从句多放在主句后。although & butalthough / though he was tired, he kept on working. 虽然他已经累了，但仍然继续工作。虽然他已经累了，但仍然继续工作。he often helps me with my english although he is quite busy. 尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。his office is in new york, but he is often away. 他的办公室在纽约，但他经常不在。他的办公室在纽约，但他经常不在。注

5、意：注意： although和和though引导的从句不能与引导的从句不能与but连用，但可以互换。连用，但可以互换。 如：如： although we are poor, we are still happy. = we are poor, but we are still happy. 我们虽然穷，但是活得很开心。我们虽然穷，但是活得很开心。we can use although / though at the _ (beginning, end) orin the _ (middle, end) of a sentence to introduce a clause and we can

6、 use but in the _ (middle, end) of a sentence. beginningmiddlemiddle( )1. _ she is young, she knows quite a lot. a. when b. however c. although d. unless( )2. he went out without an overcoat _ it was so cold. a. although b. so c. if d. forpracticepracticeca链接中考链接中考( )1. _ scientists have done a lot

7、of research on a (hin1) flu, there are still some cases for further study. (2009南京南京) a. as b. once c. if d. although 【解析】此题考查连词的用法。通过句意【解析】此题考查连词的用法。通过句意, 我我们了解到们了解到科学家已做了关于甲流的大量研究科学家已做了关于甲流的大量研究是后面主句是后面主句仍有一些病例需要进一步研究仍有一些病例需要进一步研究的的引出条件引出条件, 表示条件退让一步。我们应选用引表示条件退让一步。我们应选用引导让步状语从句的连词导让步状语从句的连词althou

8、gh, 故选故选d。 d( )2. _ they are very tired, they feel happy because theyve finally finished their project. (2011广州广州) a. so b. although c. if d. but【解析】考查连词。分析句意可知，他们虽【解析】考查连词。分析句意可知，他们虽然很累，但很快乐，前半句是让步状语从句，然很累，但很快乐，前半句是让步状语从句，用用although。b( )3. you bought the car about ten years ago? yes. _ its old, it

9、still runs well. (2011湖北黄冈湖北黄冈) a. because b. since c. although d. but【解析】【解析】because意为意为“因为因为”；since意为意为“既然；自从既然；自从”；although意为意为“尽管尽管”；but意为意为“但是但是”。根据句意。根据句意 “尽管它很旧，但是尽管它很旧，但是它仍然跑得很好。它仍然跑得很好。”为转折意思，故选为转折意思，故选c。c( )4. they will try their best in the dragon boat racing _ they may fail. (2011南京南京) a

10、. if b. although c. unless d. until【解析】考查句子的逻辑关系和连词的用法。【解析】考查句子的逻辑关系和连词的用法。分析句子的逻辑关系，前后两个句子的关系，分析句子的逻辑关系，前后两个句子的关系，后半句是让步状语从句。后半句是让步状语从句。if引导条件状语，引导条件状语，although引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句，unless从属连词，从属连词，until引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义；引导引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义；引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句。b( )5. _ they have some opposite views, they all t

11、hink chinese medicine is helpful. (2011山西山西) a. until b. although c. since 【解析】连词的用法。【解析】连词的用法。until意为意为“直到直到为为止止”，引导时间状语从句；，引导时间状语从句；although意为意为“虽虽然，尽管然，尽管”引导让步状语从句；引导让步状语从句；since意为意为“自从自从以来以来”，引导时间状语从句。根据，引导时间状语从句。根据上下文可知选上下文可知选b。b【2012湖北十堰】湖北十堰】_ he is only 12, he often goes to the old peoples h

12、ome to perform plays for the old people as a volunteer. a. if b. since c. though d. because【2012江西】江西】_ the girl is only nine, she takes care of her brother and cooks meals every day. a. if b. because c. although d. ascc【2012山东日照】山东日照】i really enjoyed your speech, _ there were some parts i didnt qui

13、te understand. a. because b. for c. until d. though 【2013 浙江杭州】浙江杭州】i think hes been drinking, _ im not completely sure. a. if b. though c. until d. asdb【2013 浙江湖州】浙江湖州】20. how do you like the sport play? funny, _ the music of it is not so good. a. so b. though c. or d. because【2013 湖北恩施】湖北恩施】 _ our

14、 teacher is ill. _ he still comes to our class to teach us. a. though; but b. though; / c. although; butbb because conj. 因为因为he doesnt go to school because he is ill. 他因病没去上学。他因病没去上学。 he will sell his house because he needs money. 因为缺钱，他将出售他的房子。因为缺钱，他将出售他的房子。 so conj. “因此因此” ，表结果，表结果it was snowing,

15、so i could not go out. 天在下雪，所以我无法外出。天在下雪，所以我无法外出。because & sobecause的用法：的用法： 1. because 表示的原因是必然的因果关表示的原因是必然的因果关 系，系，语气较强，通常放在主句之后，若需强调则语气较强，通常放在主句之后，若需强调则放在主句之前。放在主句之前。2. 通常用来回答通常用来回答 why提出的问题。如：提出的问题。如： - why cant you do it now? 你为什么不现在就做呢你为什么不现在就做呢? - because im too busy. 因为我太忙。因为我太忙。1. a: le

16、ts see the monkeys first. b: _? a: because theyre interesting. a. why b. what c. where2. please speak loudly _ i cant hear you clearly. a. although b. unless c. because d. butac汉语习惯上说汉语习惯上说“因为因为所以所以”，但在英，但在英语里却不能将语里却不能将 so与与because 连用。但是连用。但是可以与可以与so进行同义句转换。如：进行同义句转换。如：因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。正：

17、正：because it is raining, we stay at home.正：正：it is raining, so we stay at home.误：误：because it is raining, so we stay at home.由由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗前面有逗 号，则可以用号，则可以用for来代替。但如来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用以推断，就只能用for。例：。例：he is absent today, because / for he is ill.

18、he must be ill, for he is absent today.he found it very difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. a. and b. for c. but d. ora man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. a. so b. but c. and d. for bdjoin the pairs of sentences

19、 with although, because, but or so.1. i exercise once a week. im still not very fit. although i exercise once a week, im still not very fit. = i exercise once a week, but im still not very fit.= im still not very fit although i exercise once a week.2. we always eat a good breakfast. we arent hungry

20、before lunchtime. we arent hungry before lunchtime because we always eat a good breakfast.= we always eat a good breakfast, so we arent hungry before lunchtime. 3. she usually goes to bed early. she doesnt like to be sleepy at school. she usually goes to bed early because she doesnt like to be sleep

21、y at school.= she doesnt like to be sleepy at school, so she usually goes to bed early. 4. he never eats junk food. his brother always does. although his brother always eats junk food, he never does.= he never eats junk food, but his brother does. = he never eats junk food although his brother does.

22、 it was very cold, but he didnt stop working .(改为同义句改为同义句)= _ it was very cold, he didnt stop working.she arrived late for class _ she got uplate. a. when b. because c. so d. afteralthough bdo you often exercise?do you have good life habits?what should we do to keep healthy?write your own health adv

23、ice. include the words because, so, although and but. think about these things. food drink exercise sleep school bonesdont eat before you go to bed so you can sleep better.although im very busy at school, i try to exercise three times a week. eat fruit and vegetables so you can be stronger and healt

24、hier.although i have lots of homework, i never stay up late.we had better drink enough water because it helps us stay healthy.i like playing basketball because playing sports is good for our health.take turns to read your advice to the group. who has the most helpful advice in your group?i think you

25、r advice is the best. dont eat before you go to bed so you can sleep better.（2010成都中考）成都中考）i wont be able to understand what you say, _ you speak too quickly. a. ifb. thoughc. because【2010湖北湖北荆州】荆州】24. why didnt betty come to school yesterday?_ she was ill. abut bthough cif dbecause【2010甘肃甘肃.定西】定西】(

26、 ) 15. she had a stomachache _ she ate something bad. a. so b. because c. or d. although【2011福建莆田】福建莆田】( ) 27. why do you like this tv program?_ its very interesting and exciting. a. though b. because c. so【2011四川宜宾】四川宜宾】29. he didnt go to school yesterday _ he was ill. a. because b. because of c. i

27、f d. so 【2012广西玉林】广西玉林】29. _ he exercises every day, _ he is very healthy. a. because; so b. because; through c. because; / d. though; /【2012辽宁大连】辽宁大连】11.mark isnt coming to the concert _ he has got too much work to do. a. so b. until c. although d. because【2012 山东临沂】山东临沂】23. the family had to stay at hotel, _ it was raining hard. a. because b. although c. until d. unless【2013湖北宜昌】湖北宜昌】26