专业八级分类模拟391

1、专业八级分类模拟391（总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、LANGUAGE USAGE、题数：3,分数：60.00）Now what began in Japan is happening globally. As David Brookswrote in his New York Times column yesterday, fertility is on decline in 1 much of the world, from Iran 1.7 births per woman to Russia, which 2 low fertility combines with high

2、 death rates means the population is 3 already shrinking. To Brooks, the world is facing with what the writer 4 Phillip Longman has called the gray tsunami a moment the populationover 60 swamps those under 30. And that includes the US, which has long had high birthrates than most developed nations:

3、5But even that is looking fragile. The 2010 census suggested that US population growth be decelerating faster than many expected. 6 However, it"s probably wrong to see this as a demographic 7 competition. American living standards will be hurt by an aging and less dynamic world, even if the US

4、does attract young workers.For decade, people took dynamism and economic growth for granted 8 and saw population growth as a problem. Now we"ve gone to the other extreme, and it"s clear that young people are the scarce resource. In the 21st century, the US could be the slowly aging leader

5、of a rapid aging world. 9_To Brooks this is a slow-motion disaster. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a large source of 10_young workers to draw on.But here"s the thing: a Centrum Silver world may have a silver liningfor the planet.（分数：10.00 ）解

6、析：人decline the 考点本题考查冠词的用法。解析on the decline 是固定搭配，表示“下跌，下降"，不能省略定冠词the。解析：which where或者人which in 考点本题考查定语从句的用法。解析此定语从句中缺少地点状语，即“在那些低出生率高死亡率的国家中”，因此要用关系副词where引导，或者在关系代词which前加介词in。解析：combines combined 考点本题考查非谓语动词的用法。解析low fertility是定语从句中的主语，means是谓语动词，combined with high death rates 是主语的后置定语，fer

7、tility 做为combine的受动者，需要用-ed分词表示被动含义。解析：with / 考点本题考查及物动词的用法。解析face 是及物动词，可以直接和名词搭配使用，表示“面对”，无需用介词with。解析：high higher 考点本题考查形容词比较级的用法。解析本句的意思是“美国的岀生率高于其他多数发达国家”，有表示“比较”的含义，需要形容词的比较级higher和than搭配使用。解析：beis 考点本题考查虚拟语气的误用。解析动词suggest的宾语从句中是否用虚拟语气取决于它的含义，如果表示“建议”就必须用虚拟语气，如果表示“表明，表示”就用陈述语气。 句中提到“在2010年的人口

8、普查表明美国的人口增长率远低于多 数人的期望值”，因此用陈述语气更恰当。解析：HoweverBesides, Moreover 考点本题考查逻辑关系。解析上文提到的“美国目前人口增长速度减缓”和下文所指的“不应该看作是美国和其他发达国家间 人口增长的竞赛”，因为两者对今后世界的发展都有弊端，前后是顺接关系，而不是转折关系，所以用 besides 或 moreover 更恰当。解析：decadedecades 考点本题考查可数名词的用法。解析decade是可数名词，表示"十年”，for decades表示“几十年，很多年"，应该用名词的复数形 式。解析：rapid rapid

9、ly 考点本题考查词性辨析。解析rapid是形容词，用来修饰名词；rapidly 是副词，可以用来修饰动词或动名词。此句中应该用副词rapidly 修饰动名词 aging。解析：source resource 考点本题考查名词辨析。解析source表示"来源”；resource表示"（人力）资源"。本句提到"吸引大量的年轻人成为人力资 源的储备”，因此用后者更适合。Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in education. There are different expect

10、ations about "normal" school behavior for students from individualist and collectivist cultures.Take a moment to think about what teachers who lack knowledge 11about culture might interpret the behavior of a child from acollectivist culture. These differences may cause educators 12 inaccur

11、ately judge students from some cultures as poorly behaved or disrespectful. In addition, because cultural differences are hard to perceive, students may find them reprimanded by teachers but fail to 13 understand what they did that caused concern.The influence of culture in beliefs about education,

12、the value of 14 education, and participation styles cannot be overestimated. Many Asian students, for example, tend to be quiet in class, and using 15_eye contact with teachers is considered inappropriate for many of these children. In contrast, most European American children are taught to value ac

13、tive classroom discussion and to look teachers directly in the eyes to show respect, while their teachers view 16_students" participation as a signal of engagement and competence. 17_Another contrast involves the role of Hispanic parents in education. Parents from some Hispanic cultures tend to

14、 regard teachers as experts and will often refer educational decision making 18_to them. In contrast, European American parents are often more actively involved in their children"s classrooms, are visible in the classrooms, or volunteer and assist teachers. These cultural differences in value a

15、nd belief may cause educators to make accurate judgments regarding the value that non-European American 19 families place on education. While it is important to keep in the 20_mind that different cultural groups tend to follow particular language and interaction styles, there is tremendous variabili

16、ty within cultural groups.（分数：25.00）解析：what how解析从句引导词误用。该句意思是“花一些时间去想一想那些文化知识缺乏的老师是 如何理解集体主义环境中孩子的行为的。”宾语从句中不缺少宾语，而缺少状语，故将引导词what改为how。解析：educators A to解析动词不定式符号to的缺失。该句意思是“这些差异可能会导致教育者们将 一些孩子的行为误解为表现不好或是不尊重他人。”cause sb. to do sth.为常用表达，动词cause后接动词不定式时，不能省略动词不定式符号to，因此加上to。解析：themthemselves解析代词误用。该

17、句意思是“学生们也许会发现自己被老师谴责却不明白到底 是他们做了什么而导致的。"根据句意可知，这里代词应该用反身代词，故将them改为themselves 。解析：in on解析介词误用。该句意思是“文化对教育理念的影响。”表示“对的影响”，通 常用influence 与on搭配使用，故将介词in改为on。解析：using making解析固定搭配错误。该句意思是“并且对很多孩子而言，与老师进行眼神交 流是不合适的举动”。make eye contact with sb. 是固定搭配，故将 using 改为 making。解析：eyes eye解析名词单复数错误。该句意思是“直视老师

18、的眼睛以示尊重”。in the eye只是强调眼睛这一部位，不需要用复数形式，且look sb. in the eye为固定表达，意为“直视某人，正视某人"，故将eyes改为eye。解析：signal sign解析词义混淆。该句意思是“而他们的老师们会将学生的参与视为一种感兴趣 和能力的体现。” signal的意思是“信号”，而 sign的意思是“迹象”。根据语义，后者更为合适，故 将 signal 改为 sign 。解析：refer defer解析词义混淆。该句意思是“甚至会在教育决定方面听从于他们。” defer.to. 为固定搭配，意思是“听从于，服从于”，符合句意，而，ref

19、er.to.意为“提交，归于”，不符合句意，故将refer改为defer。解析：accurate inaccurate解析语义错误。该句意思是“这种在价值观和理念上的文化差异会使教育 者们做出不准确的判断。"根据语义，应将accurate改为inaccurate 。解析：the 解析冠词冗余。该句意思是“记住这一点很重要一一不同的文化群体会遵从特定的语言 和交流的方式。” keep in mind 为固定搭配，不需要加定冠词 the，故将the去掉。People in every workplace talk about organizational culture,the myst

20、erious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers interview a perspective employee, is to explore whether the candidate is a good 21 cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally know when you will have found an employee who

21、 appears to fit your 22 culture. He just feels right.Culture is environment that surrounds you at work all of the 23time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your workenjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But, culture is something which you cannot actually see, except th

22、rough 24_their physical manifestations in your work place. 25_In any ways, culture is like personality. In a person, the 26_personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that create a person"s behavior.Culture is made up of

23、 the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, but behaviors shared by a group of people. 27_Culture is the behavior that results when a group arrives in a set of28generally unspoken and unwritten rules for working together.An organization"s culture is made up of all of the life exper

24、ience each employee brings to the organization. Culture is 29_especially influenced by the organization"s founder, executives, and another managerial staff because of their role of decision-making and 30_strategic direction.（分数：25.00 ）解析：perspective prospective解析形近词误用。perspective的意思是“透视的"，而该处要表达的意思是“当雇主面试未来的雇员时”，故应该用prospective “未来的，潜在的”。解析：will 解析情态动词冗余。该处为when引导的时间状语从句，主句为you generally know ，用的是一般现在时，从句谓语动词find应发生在know之前，所以用完成时即可，故将will去掉。解析：A environment the解析冠词缺失。该句句意为“文化是在你工作时一直伴随你左右的一种环境。 此处环境是特指工作环境，故在其前面加入定冠词th