chapter9 International Cargo Transportation

1、Chapter 9International Cargo TransportationMethods of the Delivery Ocean transport Railway transport Air transport River and lake transport Postal transport Road transport Pipelines transport Land bridge transport International multimode transportOcean Transport Ocean transport is the most widely us

2、ed form of transportation in international trade as well as the most efficient form in terms of energy. It is a cheap mode of transport for delivery large quantities of goods over long distance.The types of ocean vessel Shipping by Chartering Liner/regular shipping linerShipping by Chartering租船运输 Vo

3、yage charter 定程租船 Time charter定期租船 Demise charter 光船租船Voyage charter The voyage charter is one for the carriage of goods from one specified port to another, or for a round trip. It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter and successive voyage charter.Time charter The charterer charters

4、 the ship for a period of time during which the ship is deployed and managed by the charterer. What concerns the charterer most is the period, not the voyage. The chartering may be for a period of one year or of several years.Demise charter It is also called bare-boat charter, the charterer takes a

5、lease of the entire ship for an agreed time. Demise charter belongs to time charter. The differences are: as to time charter, during the period of chartering, the ship-owner provides the charterer with a crew, while as to bare-boat charter, the ship-owner only provides the charterer with a bare-boat

6、, the charterer shall employ the crew and pay the crews wages and provisions, ships maintenance and stores etc. by himself, apart form those expenses he is responsible for under the time charter.Charter party租船合同 The charter party is a contract concluded between the ship-owner and the charterer when

7、 the latter charters the ship or booking shipping space from the former. It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties. The main terms include: the interested parties, name and flag of the ship, description and quantity of the shipments, time of chartering, freight, loading and unloadi

8、ng expenses, time limit of loading and unloading, demurrage and dispatch money.The methods to stipulate the expenses of loading and unloading The ship-owner bears gross terms The ship-owner is free in (F.I.) The ship-owner is free out (F.O.). The ship-owner is free in and out (F.I.O.). When adopting

9、 this method, the interested parties shall iindicate who will bear the expenses of stowing and trimming. If that, the interested parties shall stipulate “ ship-owner is free in and out, stowed, trimmed (F.I.O.S.T.).Liner/regular shipping liner班轮运输The main features of liners usually include: The line

10、r has a regular line, port, timetable and comparatively fixed freight, which is the basic features of liners. The ship-owner usually leases part of shipping space instead of the whole ship. The carrier is responsible for loading and unloading operations, i.e. Gross Terms. The B/L drawn by the shippi

11、ng company is the shipping contract between the carrier and the consignor.Freight of liner班轮运费 Freight= Basic freight + surchargeThe basic standards for calculating freight By weight ton ( W/T), which is indicated by “W” in the tariff. By measurement ton, (M/T), which is indicated by “M” in the tari

12、ff. By total FOB value of cargoes, which is indicated by “A.V.” in the tariff. By either W/T or M/T, whichever the higher, which is indicated by “W/M” in the tariff. By either W/T or M/T and plus a certain percentage of A.V., which is indicated by “W/M plus A.V.”. By the number of cargoes. Arranged

13、by the carrier and consignor.Railway Transport铁路运输 Railway transport at home Railway transport to H.K. and Macao International railway transport between two countries International railway through transportThe main transport documents for railway transport Railway bill of lading and its duplicate. T

14、he railway bill is the transportation contract and binding upon the consignee, the consignor and the railway department. The railway bill together with the goods is transported from the place of dispatch to the place of destination and then is delivered to the consignee after he has paid off the fre

15、ight and other charges. The consignor may make exchange settlement with the bank against the duplicate of railway bill.Air Transport航空运输 The advantages of air transport: high speed and quick transit, low risk of damage and pilferage with very competitive insurance, saving in packing cost, reducing a

16、mount of capital tied up in transit. The disadvantages of air transport: the limited capacity of air freight, overall dimensions of acceptable cargo, weight restrictions, subject to the influence of weather It is suitable: time pressing, small quantity of cargoes, urgent need, light but precious.The

17、 air transport can be divided into: Scheduled airliner班机运输 Charter carrier包机运输 Consolidation集中托运 Air express急件运送Airway bill空运提单 Also called air consignment note, is a document or consignment note used for the carriage of goods by air supplied by the carrier to the consignor.Airway bill has the follo

18、wing features: It is a transport contract signed between the consignor/shipper and the carrier/airline. It is a receipt from the airline acknowledging the receipt of the consignment from the shipper. It is an internationally standardized document mostly printed in English and in the official languag

19、e of the country of departure.There are usually 12 copies of each airway bill. Copies 1, 2 and 3 are originals. The No. 1 Original waybill is retained by the airline for filing and accounting purposes.-”For the carrier” The No. 2 Original waybill is to be carried with the consignment and delivered t

20、o the consignee at the destination.-”For the consignee” The No. 3 Original waybill is for the shipper, who may present it to the negotiating bank as a shipping document evidencing shipment having been made.-”For the consignor”Postal Transport邮包运输 It is simple and convenient, and delivery is made sim

21、ply when a receipt of the goods posted is obtained. It is a kind of international and “door-to-door” transport.International Combined Transport/International Multimodal Transport国际多式联运 It means that the conveyance of cargo includes at least two modes of transport by which the goods are carried from

22、the place of dispatch to destination on the basis of combined transport or a multimodal transport contract. Under this method, the container is used an inter-medium and make up of an international multimodal and join transport mode by sea, air and land.Container Transport集装箱运输Container transport fal

23、ls into two kinds:a. Full container load (FCL)b. Less than container load (LCL)Delivery Conditions装运条件 Time of Delivery Port of shipment and port of destination Partial shipment and transshipment Shipping adviceTime of delivery It refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the go

24、ods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods.The ways to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract Stipulate the definite time of delivery: Stipulate a period of fixed time, the seller can arrange shipment during whichever date. Stipulate shipment within days after receipt of the

25、L/C. Stipulate the goods shall be shipped in the near future.Port of shipment and port of destinationWhen stipulating the port of shipment, we shall pay attention to: The port of shipment shall be close to the origin of the goods. We should take into consideration the loading and unloading, and spec

26、ific transportation conditions and the standards of freight and various charges at home and abroad. Under the FOB terms, the buyer is responsible for chartering a ship. The depth of the port of shipment shall be suitable to ship chartered by the buyer. In export trade, it is the usual practice to designate only one port of shipment in one transaction, but exceptionally, when large amounts of goods are involved and, in particular, the goods are store