（整理版高中英语）第二册Unit5TheBritishlsles

1、第二册unit 5 the british lslesi单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1power 2mistake 3narrowly 4european 5generally 6influence 7basic 8prove 9employment高考须掌握的短语：1of 2made 3most 4together 5in 6by/from考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1consist vi由组成，由构成eg： this club consists of more than 200 members 这个俱乐部由200多个会员组

2、成。 his diet consists mainly of btead and vegetables他的饮食主要由面包和蔬菜构成。用法拓展：consist of由组成，由构成 consist in在于， 存在于consistent with和一致的特别提醒：consist of没有被动形式。 consist ofbe made up of由组成，由构成案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 ( 典型例题 分 ) the opening province which thirteen countries and three coastal cities will quicken its pac

3、es of economic development. a. consists of b. makes up c. is included d. is contained考题1-2 class one 68 students went to the science museum for a visit yesterday. a. formed b. making up of c. consisting of d. consisted of考题1一1点拨：答案为a。此题考查consist of由构成。b项make up“构成，组成应改为be made up of，c项“包括应改为主动形式incl

4、ude。句意为：“这个开放省份，包括13个县和3个沿海城市，将加快它的经济开展步伐。考题12点拨：答案为c。此题考查consisting of用作定语，且无被动形式。句意为：“由68个同学组成的一班昨天到科学博物馆去参观了。 2innuence vt影响 n影响，有影响的人或事 eg：my parents influence msde me study science at couege由于我父母的影响，我上大学学了理科。 environment is a great infiuence on his character环境对他的性格有很大的影响。相关链接；influential adj有影响

5、的，有势力的 用法拓展；have(an)influenee on/upon对有影响 have a good in fluence on对有好的影响 have a bad influence on对有不好的影响 have influence over对有约束力，支配力 考题2 (典型例题verheating develop-ment might, have a bad on the national economy. a. cause b. influence c. result d. factor考题2点拨：答案为b。此题考查have(an)influence on。对有影响。句意为：“过热的

6、开展可能会对国家的经济造成有言的影响。3judge vt判断n法官，裁判员，鉴赏家 eg：she is a good judge of wine她是一个很好的鉴别酒的专家。 dont judge a person by/froe hjs appearance不要以貌取人。 judging ftom what he said，we considered kim right从他说的来看，我们认为他是正确的。相关链接：judgement n判断力，判断用法拓展：judgeby/from从判断 judgrog from/by根据判断，常用作状语 in ones judgement在看来，经判决特别提醒

7、judging from/by根据判断，放在句首用作状语， 只用-ing形式，无被动形式。考题3 (典型例题) _his behaviours, he is from south china. a. judged from b. judging from c. to judge from d. to be judged from考题3点拨：答案为b。此题考查judging by/from“从一判断，用作状语。句意为：“从他的举止来看，他来自华南地区。4approach优向靠近；接近eg： the old man is approaching ninety那位老人年近九十岁。 the time

8、for graduation is approaching毕业的日子近了。相关链接：approach n入门，接近，方法，途径用法拓展 approach to,的方法/人门 approach sbfor/about sth为某事与某人打交道特别提醒：approach作名词用，表示“靠近，接近时，只以单数形式出现；表示“方法，入门时用作可数名词，且与介词to连用。考题4-1 (典型例题with spring , the weather became warmer. a. approaches b. approaching c. approach d. approached考题4-2 (典型例题)

9、he came up with a new to the problem at yesterday's meeting. a. procedure b. method c. means d. approach考题41点拨：答案为b。根据题意：“随着春天的来临用with spring approaching或as spring approached。因为with为介词，后面要接动名词作宾补。句意为：“随着春天来临，天气越来越暖和。考题42点拨；答案为d。根据题意，四个答案中，只有approach与介词to连用。句意为t“在昨天的会议上·他提出了解_决问题的新方法。二、重点短语5

10、have an advantage over胜过。优于 eg：in playing basketball，yao ming has an obvious advantage over ofhers在篮球方面，姚明比其他人拥有明显的有利条件。相关链接：advantageous adj有利的 disadvantage n缺点，不利条件用法拓展：have the advantage of比强，占上风(尤指知其所不知)take advantage of充分利用某人/某事特别提醒-have an advantage over胜过，优于，常用over。考题5-1 ( 典型例题 分 ) do island

11、nations have advantages other countries? a. with b. over c. upon d. from考题 1-2 like to take _ _ of this oppor-tunity to thank you for your help, a: advantage b. case c. use d. care考题51点拨：答案为b。此题考查have an advantage over一比优越。句意为：“岛国比其他国家更有优势吗?考题52点拨:答素为a。此题考查take advantage of充分利用。句意为：“我想借此时机谢谢你时我的帮助。6

12、hold together使团结，使结合在一起eg： the country needs a leader who will hold the nation together国家需要一个能使全国团结的领袖。 we always hold together in times of crisis我们在危急时期总是团结在一起： 根关链接：hold up举起，抬起；阻塞 hold out伸出；维持(1ast) hold on坚持下去；别挂 hold on to保存，保有；不把给予或售予他人hold back阻止考题6 (典型例题the wise president the whole nation a

13、fter the war broke out. a. held together b. carried together c. took together d. brought together考题6点拨：答案为a。hold together“使团结一致，句意为：“战争爆发后，这个英明的总统将全国紧密团结起来。三、重点交际用语7aren't you confusing?难道你没弄错? eg： im always conft sing john with paul我一直分不清约翰和保罗。 im confused by all the noise一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。相关链接：con

14、fuse vt使混乱，迷惑 confusing adj令人迷惑的 confused adj感到迷惑的 confusion n迷惑，混乱甩法拓展rbe confused by被弄糊涂 feel confused感到糊涂 confusewith把和弄混 a confusing question一个令人迷惑的问题 特别提醒：confusing表示“某人/某物令人迷惑的；confused表示“某人感到迷惑的，同时confused还可用来修饰look，expression等词。考题7 (典型例题)i feel _ _ when some people say geography is and diffi

15、cult to learn. a. confused; confused b. confusing; confusing c. confused; confusing d. confusing; confused考题7点拨：答案为c：根据题意，confused表示“某人感到迷惑的符合feet/be confused结构；confusing表示“令人迷惑的。句意为：“当一些人说地理令人糊涂又难学时，我感到迷惑不解。 四、重点句型8as it is事实上，实际上，实际情况是，照现在的样子eg： i like the house better as it is我更喜欢这座房子现在的这个样子。 i t

16、hought conditions would get better，but as it is they are getting worse 我以为情况会好转，但事实上反而更糟了。用法拓展tas it is照现在的样子as it was照过去的样子特别醒；as it is句型，可以根据具体的意义将it is换成不同的形式，也可以用复数，即as they are as引导方式状语。 eg： state the facts as they are。照实陈述这些事实。考题8 (典型例题)we'd better paint the house white. i think.it is a bi

17、t ugly a. where it is b. how it is c. what it is d. as it is考题8点拨：答案为d。此题考查as it is“像这样子，照现在的样子。where it is引导地点状语，what it is引导名词性从句。句意为：“我们最好将房子刷成白色，我认为像现在这样子有点难看。 9be of great value很有价值 be of+抽象名词(1)of+抽象名词，表示事物的性质和特征，相当于该名词的形容词。 of valuevaluable of importanceimportant 这类名诃有value，help，use，importmce

18、，interest，benefit等，且前面可以用no/some/any/little/much/great等形容词修饰。 eg： they think there is nothing of interest in his pictures 他们认为他的画里没有有趣的东西。 theory without practice is of little help没有实践的理论是没有什么帮助的。 (2)be of size(age，shape，length， depth，color，weight，width，height，quality )这类名词前可用a，an，the same，different

19、等修饰。 eg： these flags are of different colors这些旗帜颜色不同。 we are of the same age我们年龄相同。特别提醒：of+抽象名词可以用来作定语、表语和宾语补足语。 eg： this dictionary is of great help(表)这本字典很有帮助。 i consider what he said of great importance(宾补)我认为他说的很重要。 the question of great importance will be discussed tomorrow(定)这个重要的问题明天讨论。考题9(典型

20、例题)you'll find this map of great in helping you to get round london. a. price b. cost c. value d. useful 考题9点手心：答案为c。此题考查be of value=valuable，有价值的，cost本钱，费用，price价格，useful有用的。句意为：“你会发现这张地图在帮助你游常俭数方面很有价值一五、词语辨析 1ocountry，state，nation(1)country侧重指“疆土，也可用来指“乡村，乡下。 eg： germany and france are europea

21、n countries 德国和法国都是欧洲国家。laving in the country costs less than living in the city 住在乡下比住在城里花费少。 (2)state表示国家，强调其政权、政体，意义较抽象，较正式。也可以用来表示“州。 eg： we must pay taxes to the state我们必须向国家纳税。in america，the law differs from state to state在美国，州与州的法律不同。(3)nation表示国家，意义侧重于“国民。nation还可表示“种族，民族。 eg： the president

22、spoke on the radio to the whole nation总统对全国发表播送演讲。 france is a european nation法国是一个欧洲国家。特别提醒；state还可用作动词“陈述，声明构成句型：lt is stated that据说，宣布· eg： it is stated that all the people in the accident were killed已宣布事故中所有人都死了。考题10 (典型例题 分) the whole were in deep sorrow when learn-ing the news that the pr

23、esident died, a, country b, state c, nation d, people考题10点拨：答案为c。根据题意。nation一词侧重"人民，people在这里不符合使用习惯。句意为：“当得悉总统死亡的消息时， 全国人民非常悲哀。 语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余名词性从句(一) 本单元语法重点是名词性从句，现将其归纳如下： 名词性从句包括四种从句，即主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句由连词：that，which，who，whom，what，whether，if，when，where， why，whatever，whoever，whomeve

24、r等引导。 1主语从句： (1)主语从句在句子中充当主语，句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 eg：why he refused to work with you is a mystery 他为什么拒绝同你共事是一个谜。 whoever comes is welcome 不管谁来都受欢送。 (2)主语从句前that不能省略，仅起连接词的作用，有时为了平衡句子，that从 句后置，而由it作形式主语。 eg： that he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother's influence 他成为律师可能由于他母亲的影响。 it is

25、 not true that he has moved to new york 他搬到纽约的消息不是真的。2宾语从句：宾语从句在句子中充当宾语。 eg： i don't know where the sound came from我不知道声音来自何处。 don't be satisfied with what you have achieved 不要满足于你所取得的成就。3表语从句：将从句放在系动词be，look，remain，seem等后面即构成表语从句。 eg： it looks as if it's going to rain天看起来要下雨了。4同位语从句：同位语

26、从句是对与之同位的名词进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有：idea，fact，news，belief，hope，problem，truth，answer， thought，word，possibility等。 eg： the news that he has passed the exam is exciting 他通过考试这一消息令人兴奋。 考题1 (典型例题) ,he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. a. what b. that c. it d. the matter what考题2 (典型例题) you don&#

27、39;t like him is none of my business. a. what b. who c. that d. whether考题3 (典型例题) we'll go camping depends on the weather. a. if b. whether c. that d. where特别提醒:(1)that引导名词性从句应注意问题： that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导同位语从句时that在从句中无任何语法作用(即不作任何句_子成分，仅仅起引导作用)，无任何意思，不可省略；引导定语从句的that是一个关系代词，代替前面的先行词，所以具有意义。它在从句

28、中充当句子成分，作宾语时可省略。 eg： the fact that we talked about is very important(定语从句) 我们谈论的这个事实很重要。 the fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody(同位语从句)他实验获得成功这个事实让每个人都很快乐。 that引导表语从句在从句中无任何语法作用(不作句子任何成分，只起连接词的作用)，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。同时主语为the that引导主语从句时that在从句中不作句子成分，只起连词作用，不可省略。reason时，表语从句连词用that

29、不用because。即thereason(why)is that。 that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中无任何语法作用，且无具体意思，可以省略。 注意：假设宾语从句不止一个。后面的that一般不省略。 (2)whether与if引导名词性从句的区别： 连词whether引导主语从句、表语从句时不用if来替换。 在宾语从句中，whether可与if互换，但是后接or not时，不用if。 whether可用在介词后面，或带to的不定式，if不能。 eg： i don't know whether to get married or wait 我不知道是现在结婚还是等一等。 l hav

30、en't settled the question of whether ill go back home 我还没解决我是否回家的这个问题。考题1点拨：答案为a。此题考查主语从句，且引导词在从句中充当宾语，用what不用that。句意为：。他在会上说的话令在场的每一个人感到吃惊。 考题2点拨。答案为c。此题考查主语从句，连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，d项whether“是否不符合题意。句意为：“你不喜欢他不关我的事。 专题3点拨:答案为b。根据句意用whether，而if不引导主语从句。句意为：“我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。iv专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：听力的重点、难点突

31、破专题详解：高考英语听力测试主要是考查学生理解口头英语的能力，确切地说，就是要求考生能够听懂日常生活中简短而地道的对话和独白；能从简单的文段中区分事实与观点；能听懂各种故事中人物和行为的开展和结果；能听懂他人委婉的建议、忠告和推荐；能听懂交谈中他人的观点、态度和爱好；也能对对话的背景以及说话者之间的关系做出正确的推断。 1数字记录与计算 主要考查的知识点：基数词、序数词、分数、百分数；价格、比例；年代、日期、时刻；路程、距离；具体的编号数，如街道、楼层、房间、 号码、航班等。 复习重点：要掌握时间的几种表达法：half past six，a quarter to two，nine twenty

32、，after，before，early，late，delay等。 以一teen结尾的数词与以一ty结尾的数词的读音和意义的区分。辨清以一th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词，如：sixth-six。快速记录多个数字，并用加、减、乘、除计算一些数据；熟悉计算题中常出现的表达法：half，double，twice，one-third，percent，a pair，one-third off the normal price(打七折)，more than，lessthan等。例 1. w:how.much is the red skirt? m:these skirts sell for six dol

33、lars each, but it's $10 if you buy .two. q:how much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one? a. $3. , b. $6. c. $10. 答案：b2判断地点和方位 主要考查的知识点：对话中涉及几个地点，并根据地点提问；对话中没有出现具体的地点名称，要求考生根据对话中出现的显示特定场所的词来猜想说话人在什么地方谈话；事物之间的地理位置及方位关系。 复习重点：熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，如：餐馆(restaurant)用语：menu，bill，order，tip，

34、hamburger，sandwich， soup，dish，beer，soft drink，book a table，dessert，delicious 等；宾馆(hotel)用语：luggage，single-room，doublroom，room number，room key，check incheck out等；医院(hospital)用 语：take medicine，temperature，pill，headache，fever，blood pressure等；邮局(post office)用语：mail，post，deliver，stamp，envelope，package，ai

35、rmail，telegram等；机场(airport)用语： flight，take off，land，luggage，delay等；火车站(railway station)用语：round trip，single trip，sleeper等；商店(store)用语：on sale，sizecolor。price，change等；(school)用语：professor，exam，course，dining-hall，playground等；图书馆(ii brary)用语：librarian，magazine，library card，renew等。银行(bank)用语：cash，check，

36、open an account，saving，withdraw，interest，draw out等。熟悉方位的词语和表达方法，如：in the east of，to the east of，on the east of等。 例2m：what size do you wear?w : eleven. m:oh, you are lucky. we have just the right size in store. here it is. why don't you try it on? q:where does the conversation probably take place

37、? a. in a shoe factory. b. at the man's home. c. in a clothing store. 答案：c3判断人物及其关系 常见的人物之间的关系有：doctor-patient waiter/waitress-customer secretary-boss shop assistant-customer driv- er-policeman teacher/professor-student husband-wife re- ceptionist-tourist lawyer-client salesperson-custpmer frien

38、ds-classmates复习重点：能根据对话内容和情景来确定说话者从事的职业和彼此之间的关系。善于抓住与说话者身份或职业相关的词。如材料中出现term，exam，就有可能有teacher，professor出现，或者人物间有teacher/professor-student的关系；对话中提到buy。change，就可能有salesman或salesgirl；夫妻对话会用dear，darling；父母对孩子说话可能会有listen等词。对话中涉及多人，那么要理清人与人之间的关系。例3m：hello，mary，this is dam morrisonim calling to see wheth

39、er tom feels better today.w:oh, hello, prof. morrison. he feels much better now. the doctor said he will be able to go back to school tomorrow. q:what's the relationship between dam morrison and tom? a. teacher and student. b. doctor and patient. ccolleagues 答案：a4细节把握及指令识别 对话中为了说明主旨和要义，需要一些具体的信息

40、加以辅佐或补充说明。因此，在考查中除了时间、地点、人物关系等之外，还会考查对一些细节的分辨和对主旨的把握。这类题目要求在把握主线的前提下，能捕捉到有用的信息。复习重点：细节性的信息多，做题难度较大，应首先浏览题干和选项，做到心中有数，在听的过程中做到有的放矢。做指令性题型应善于速记，可用“一表方向，用字母代单词等一些速记符号对听到的内容做好记录。如果是独白，要学会利用选择项预测文章的内容。一定要听好第一句和最后一句。例4w：could you tell me how to get to the post office?m:go westward" along the street,

41、then turn to the left and walk for three minutes, and you are sure to find it on your right. q:which direction does the post office face? a. it faces east. b. it faces south. c. it faces west.答案：a5推理、判断和归纳 任何一段对话或单独都是围绕一个中心展开的，但说话者的态度、看法及独白中的主旨有时那么比拟隐蔽，需要自己去推测、判断和归纳。 复习重点：能判断说话者的观点和弦外之音。注意说话者用语气、语调的

42、变化来表现对某人、某事或对另一言行的好恶、赞成与否等情绪变化。说话者的建议、决定或打算等行为。弄清事情的因果关系。归纳时要把双方谈话的内容联系起来考虑，注意对话的完整性。 例5m：did you watch the midnight film last night?w:yes, i watched part of it. m:i really liked it. i thought it was really exciting. w:exciting? i fell asleep during the film. q: how did the woman feel about the film

43、? a. enjoyable. b. inspiring. c. dull.答案：cv考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试语法 (典型例题分)l want to know the thief was caught on the spot.a. which b. that c. what d. whether1d点拨：whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否。句意为：“我想知道小偷是否被当场抓住。回忆2 测试语法 ( 典型例题 分 ) our club is open to adults only. your children have entered without per- mis

44、sion.a. there seems that b. it seems to be c. there seems to be d. it seems that2d点拨：it seems that表示“好似、感觉。_there seems to be后不接从句，后接名词或代词。回忆3 测试语法 ( 典型例题1 分 ) you are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is i disagree.a. why b. where c. what d. how3b点拨：where引导表语从句，where指的是在某一点上，相当于at the

45、point，意为：在这一点上我不同意你的说法。disagree是不及物动词，所以不能用what作为宾语。回忆4 测试语法 (典型例题分)the road is covered with snow. i can't understand they insist on going by motorbike.a. why b. whether c. when d. how4a点拨：why引导宾语从句。因为路上有积雪，所以对他们坚持骑摩托车去不理解。回忆5 测试语法 (典型例题)the foreign minister said, our hope that the two sides wil

46、l work towards peace. a. this b. there is c. that is d. it is5d点拨：it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。回忆6 测试语法 (典型例题a modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. a. what b. which c. that d. where6a点拨：in后接宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，要用what。回忆7 测试语法 (典型例题after yang liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our

47、astronauts desire to do is walk in space.a. where b. what c. that d. how7b点拨：what引导主语从句，what在从句中作to do的宾语。回忆8 测试语法 (典型例题i think father would like to know i' ve been up to so far, so i decide to send him a quick note. a. which b. why c. what d. how8c点拨：know后接宾语从句，what在从句中作up to的宾语。 回忆9 测试语法 (典型例题

48、)parents are taught to under-stand important education is to their children's future. a. that b. how c. such d. so9b点拨：how后接形容词important弓i导宾语从句，so后接形容词常与that连用，构成so一that结构。回忆10 测试语法 (典型例题分)the other day, my brother drove his car down the street at i thought was a dangerous speed.a. as b. which c

49、. what d. that10c点拨：at后接宾语从句，当宾语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，要用what引导，此句中what作宾语从句的主语。回忆11 测试语法 (典型例题it is pretty well under-stood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.a. that b. when c. what d. how11c点拨what引导主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语。that引导主语从句中只起引导作用，不作任何成分，when和how_分别表示时间和方式，在主语从句中作状语。回

50、忆12 测试语法 (典型例题there is a new problem in- volved in the popularity of private cars road condi-tions need a. that; to be improved b. which; to be improved c. where; improving d. when; improving12a点拨：that引导同位语从句具体说明“新问题的内容。need后既可接动词-ing形式的主动式，也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。回忆13 测试语法 (典型例题分)-are you still think-ing a

51、bout yesterday's game? -oh, that's a. what makes me feel excited b. whatever i feel excited about c. how i feel about itd. when i feel excited13a点拨：what引导表语从句，what在表语从句中作主语。vi高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测l：whether与if引导名词性从句时的辨析 预测根据：表示“是否时，whether和if在宾语从句中一般可互换使用，但其他三种名词性从句，即主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中，常用whether而不用if。这是高考考查名词性从句的一个重点内容。预测2：whether引导让步状语从句 预测根据：whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管，“无论，而if却没有此种用法。 eg：预测3：where引导状语从句与定语从句的区别。 预测根据：where引