教师版语法导学案

1、Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the StarsGrammar名词性从句之主语从句一.学习目标：1. 了解主语从句。2. 了解主语从句在使用过程中要注意的问题。二.学习过程。1. 主语从句的定义：主语从句就是在一个句子中作主语的从句。引导主语从句的关联词有：that, what,where, when, why, who, whether, wherever, whenever, whoever, howeVe。 对比下列各组句子：1) Your plan is not permitted.That teachers punish stude

2、nts physically is not permitted.2) Your plan is interesting.What you said is in teresti ng.3) His plan is still not known yet.Whether he will travel with us is still not known yet.4) This doesn'matter at all.Whichever you choose does'matter at all.5) Everybody will be welcome.Whoever atte nd

3、s this meet ing will be welcome.找出课文中包含主语从句的句子：1) It was not clearwhether the shape was to last or not2) What many scientists believes that the continued presenee of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into ocea ns and seas.3) Whether life will continue on the earth for milli

4、ons of years to comeilldepe nd on whether this problem can be solved.上述由whether, what引导的三个从句在复合句中起主语作用，叫主语从句2. 引导主语从句的连接词分三类：1) 从属连词 that, whether/ if；that在句子中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，且本身无实际意义。Whether/if 在从句中起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但表示“是否”的意思。eg: That you did n'tlike him is none of my bus in ess .你不喜欢他与我无关。eg: Whet

5、her she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家不得而知。2) 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。what, who, whom,which可以与ever构成合成词引导从句，起强调作用。这些连接代词在句子中 充当句子成分，不能省略。eg: What we cannot get seems better tha n what we have.得 不至 U的东西似乎总比我 们拥有的好。eg: Wh

6、oever leaves the room last should turn off the lights走 得最晚的应当关灯。3) 连接畐寸词 when, where, why, how 连接副词在从句中充当状语，不能省略。eg: why he did n'come here is not clear to every on e.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。3. 主语从句的用法划出下面这个句子的主语并观察从句的意思和结构是否完整：That huma n beings are able to fly to the moon is no Ion ger a dream.注：当主语从句的结构和

7、意思完整时，用连词 that引导主语从句；当主语从 句的意思和结构不完整时，则根据需要选用适当的连词。选择最佳答案：Bwill atte nd the intern ati onal conference in stead of Mr Zhou hash bee n bee n decided.A. WhatB. WhoC. HowD. WhichIt is unknownDmoney we will n eed for our research work.A. whatB. thatC. how many D. how muchAI can 'tu ndersta nd isshe

8、wants to cha nge her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because4. 注意1) 主语从句必须是陈述句的语序。What are you going to do is your own bus in ess.( X)What you are going to dois your own bus in ess(话2) that作为引导词不可省略。eg: That they were true sisters surprised every one.3) 为了保持整个句子的平衡，如果主语从句太长，谓语太

9、短，有时候可以考 虑用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。eg: It is a miracle that she survived the acciden teg: It has not bee n decided yew ho will be the presidenteg: It depe nds on the weathew hether we'll go outing4) 在下面两种情况下，必须用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语-主语从句 放在后面：在疑问句中。Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headm

10、asterDoes it make any differe ncewho bought these gifts 在感叹句中。How stra nge it is that these children are so quite5) 主语从句中虚拟语气的运用：It is(was)+ suggested(ordered/proposed/decided)+that+(should动词原形eg: It is proposed thatmore selective courseoe offered next year.eg: It has been decided thala special comm

11、itteebe formed to supervise the work. It is(was)+形容词 +that+(should)+动词原形该句式中的形容词一般包括：advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential,important, imperative, necessary, impossib等。eg: It is important that the stude ntstake brief no tes while liste ning to the lecture. eg: It is essential thatall the facts

12、 be examinedfirst.6) 注意区别：形式主语结构和强调句型结构。分析下列两个句子：It is difficult that he will have to fin ish this job by himself before 5p.m.It is yesterday after noon that he saved the bo' life in that cold river.他们的区别是：如果把it is.that省略，是病句，是正确的句子。即：是形式主语结构，是强调句型结构。5. 专项训练1) 选择最佳选项： _ Cis done cannot be undone

13、.A. WhyB. WhenC. WhatD. Where A we can 'tget seems better thanwe have.A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That;what Bwe'll go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. IfB. Whether C. ThatD. Where Dis our belief that improveme nts in health care will lead to astron ger, more pros

14、perous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It What did your pare nts think about your decisi on?They always let me do DI think I should.A. whe nB. thatC. howD. what _Cwants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. AnyoneB. The one C. Whoever D. Who One advantage of playing the guitar is Cit can give

15、 you a greatdeal of pleasure.A. howB. whyC. thatD. When Dthe n ews is true remai ns a questi on.A. ThatB. IfC. What D. Whether Bfashi on differs from country to country may reflect the culturaldiffere nces from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. This D. Which It has bee n proved _Deat ing vegetables in chi

16、ldhood helps to protectyou aga inst serious ill nesses in later life.A. ifB. because C. when D. That2) 句子改错： Where shall we spend the holiday is'decided. we shall You have made a mistake is a fact.That you That is certain that we can win.It No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off th

17、e lights. Whoever It is important that a student learns a foreign Ianguage.should learn No matter what we do must be in the interest of the people.Whatever Air, or that is called the atmosphere, surro unds the whole world. what That surprised me most was that Mary spoke Chinese just like What a n ative speaker.3）完成句子： When he can work out the math problem is un