过去完成时讲解及练习

1、一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成日!表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past ) ”。-| I1>那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had +过去分词”构成，其中 had通用于各种人称。 Theyhad already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ： 00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1 .由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特

2、定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1 ) by +过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.(2 ) by the end of +过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2 .由“过去的过去”来判定

3、。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后 关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从何要用过去完成时。在 t old, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.(2 )状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用 过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:When I got

4、 to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关 系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.(3)表示意向的动词， 如 hope, wish, expe

5、ct, think, intend, mean, suppose,用过去完成时 表示“原本，未能”We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3 .根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beiji ng.三、过去完成时的主要用法1 .过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：When I woke up, it had sto

6、pped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)2 .过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相 比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前)3 .过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用， 它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。 此时多与 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等弓导 的短语或从句连用。如：B

7、efore she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five ye ars.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4 .过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （

8、had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为 “助动词 have （has） + 过去分词”； 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会

9、了1000 个英语单词。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（ “等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在

10、使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had jus

11、t won the f irst in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。1

12、. A policeman saw two thieves a girl's mobile phone on the bus and he caught them at once.A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Let's them success.A. wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope3. He is so careless that he always his school thing

13、s at home.A. forgets B.forgot C.leavesD.left4. Who the computer? I want to use it.Timmy. He it for a week.A. borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, bought C.has borrowed, has kept D.bought, has borrowed5. Look! One of the girls the door.A. cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning6. If you don'

14、;t feel well, you may just .A.stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read7. Where can we get a baseball?Let's .A. lend Jim one B.lend one to JimC.borrow one from Jim D.borrow one of Jim8. My model ship doesn't work. Don't worry. I'll have it this afternoon.A. repa

15、iring B.made C.repaired D.mend9. You wash your hands before meals.A. need B.must C.can D.may10. Will you the light? It's dark in the room.A. get on B.get off C.trun on D.turn off11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang.A. ask B.say C.tell D.call12. There is going to a

16、 game in our school this afternoon.A. has B.have C.be D.are13. You'd bettersmoking. It's bad for your health.A. eat up B.give up C.come up D.get up14. How do you like this book? I think it has nothing towith our study.A. make B.do C.take D.hold15. Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to

17、ask him.He the office.A. has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has gone in16. The bus kept the people for twenty minutes.A. wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waits1. .I believe the scientists willa better way to heal the disease.A. get on with B.come up withC.go on with D.catch up with18. Why do you of

18、ten this pink blouse?Because it fits me well.A. put on B.wear C.buy D.try on19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he him.A. went over B.fell behind C.put off D.dropped off20. The Internet_it easy to get much new information in a short time.A. finds B.makes C.feels D.takes1. We out by

19、 that time that hea thief for a longtime.A. had found, had been B. had found, wasC. found, had been D. found, was2. It so happened that theythe novel before.A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read3. Shefor nearly two hours.A. kept talking B. kept to talk C. has kept talking D. kept to talk

20、ing4. Springafter winter.A. comes B. came C. has come D. had come5. -I hear some noise in the next room.-Oh, yes. Your sisterthere.A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was crying6. All the studentsto plant trees and there's nobody in the classroom.A. go B. will go C. have gone D. wound go7. Stop! A

21、 little boythe street.A. is crossing B. crosses C. crossed D. has crossed8. The girlto milk since last winter.A. learnsB. learnedC. has learned D. would learn9. Whatto you this morning?A. happens B. is happenedC. happened D. was happened10. -The old man looks healthy.-Yes. Hesome running after he ge

22、ts up.A. does B. did C. has done D. will do11. She didn't pass the exams because sheher lessons well.A. wasn't prepared B. wasn't been preparedC. hadn't prepared D. was preparing12. This storyin a faraway village in Europe many years ago.A. is happenedB. was happened C. happened D. h

23、as been happened13. -Mr King came back to our village.-Really? For what?-The old manthe noise in the city.A. is hating B. hates C. was hating D. has hated14. His father for a week.A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead15. My mother is ill. I stay at home and look after her.A. has to B

24、. must C. would D. have to16. -Do you know the Frenchman?-Yes. I him for two years.A. know B. have known C. knew D. have been known17. They_all their money, so they have to walk home.A. spend B. had spent C. have spenDt . will spend18. Great changesin the city, and a lot of factories.A.have been tak

25、en place, have been set up B.have taken place, have been set upC.have taken place, have set upD.were taken place, were set up19. -When did Kate's grandma die?-While the doctorson her.A. are operating B. were operating C. operate D. operated20. -Who are you looking for?-Mr White.-Wait here for a

26、while. The class meeting over inhalf an hour.A. is B. will be C. was D. has been21. If she's not at home, you try telephoning her at the office.A. will B. could C. would D. need22. All the new words up in the dictionary yet.A. have looked B. haven't looked C. have been looked D. haven't

27、been looked1. .I don't want to speak to her, but I .A. do B. have to C. have to speak D. must to24. Hurry up, or you the train.A. miss B. lose C. will miss D. will lose25. The new library _ next week.A. will buildB . will be built C. would build D. would be built26. -Where's Mabel?-She ping

28、pong behind the teaching building.A. is playing B. was playing C. played D. had played27. Quite a few tall buildings _the last two years.A. have been put up B. were put up C. had put up28. Man-made-satellitesinto space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been s

29、ent up29. I _all the words on the black board. May I go home now?B. copy B. will coup C. copied D. have copied30. Nobody knew a living in that country.A. to do B. to make C. how to do D. how to make31. The old man needs at most five hour's sleep a night ,but hefor over seven hours tonight.A. has fallen asleepB has slept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep1.1 I'm really getting too fat. From now on, Imore exercise and eat less food.A have done B do C am doing D will do33. You don't needher. Iher for several times.A describe, had met B describe, meet C