“When”作连词时的用法及译法大盘点

1、“When作连词时的用法及译法大盘点“When作连词时的用法及译法大盘点作者袁凤兰对英语学习者来说，when是一个常见的单词，所以一看到when就会脱口而出“当时候”. 这种翻译有时会闹出笑话甚至与其本意“南辕北辙”.因此，熟练掌握when作连词时的几种用法尤为重要。笔者结合自己的教学经历对when的用法及译法做如下盘点：一、When作从属连词，引导状语从何译为“当时候”这是when最基本的用法，引导时间状语从句。1)从旬可放旬首或旬末。放旬首时，从旬后面用逗号；放旬末时，不用逗号。【典例】The whole worldwere very anxious when the missing Ma

2、laysia Airlines Flight MH370 was reported.当马航失联客机 MH37敢报道时，世人都很着急。Whenhe was yeta child, he was fond of swimming.当他还是个孩子的时候，就喜欢游泳。Itwas March 22,20XX Michelle Obamadelivered a speech at Peking University. 解析 此题考查when的用法”当时候”.句意为：“米歇尔奥巴马于20XX 年3月22日在北京大学演讲。”【高考】It ' s much easier to makefriends y

3、ou have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even thoughD. so that 解析 此题考查状语从何的连接词。when表时间。句意为：“当你们有相似的兴趣时，你们会更容易成为朋友。”所以答案是B. 2) when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动 作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。【典例】WherI camehere,I saw Mary reading English.当我到这儿时，我看到玛丽在读英语。Manypeople were killed or injured when the

4、police arrived at the Kunmingrailway station at night on March 1,20XX. 20XX 年 3 月 1 日晚，当警察到 达昆明火车站时，已有许多伤亡。3)从旬中常用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。【典例】I will tell him the newswhenhe es here tomorrow. 明天他来时，我将告诉他这则消息。They would beexcited when they knew their grades.当他们知道他们的成绩时，他们会彳艮激动的。译为“一刚就" 1 ) whe

5、n相当于 as soon asimmediatelyinstantlydirectly等词的意思，引导时间状语从句。【典例】We will start when the monitor es.班长一来，我们就出发。 2) when用于固定结构“ hardlyscarcely - when- ", 此时when可换作before.注 意：当把hardlyscarcely 放旬首时，句子需部分倒装。【典例】I had hardlyarrived home last night when it began to rain.Hardly had I arrivedhomelast night

6、 whenit began to rain.昨晚我一到家，天就下雨了。【高考】 The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.解析 本题考查固定旬型hardly whenbefore， 意为“一就”.句意为：“这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。”答案选 A. I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.解析 考查固定结

7、构。句意为：“我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。”本句 是“hardly when”结构，表示“刚就”，故答案选A. 译为“如果"when相当于if,引导条件状语从句。【典例】Turn off thelight whennobody is in the classroom.如果教室没人了，把灯关上。 Smog will be distant from us when everyone fights against pollution.如果人人都与污染作斗争，雾霾就会远离我们。 译为“虽然，尽管" when 引导让步状语从句，相当于thoughalthoughas.

8、【典例】He usually walks when he might ride.虽然可以坐车，他通常总是步行。译为“既然，考虑到“when引导原因状语从句，此时相当于since “既然”.【典例】Howcan you expect to learn anything when you never listen?既然你从来都不听，你怎能期望有所收获呢？ Whyuse metal whenyou can use plastic? 既 然能用塑料，为什么要用金属呢？Howcould you , whenyou knowthat it ' simpolite to stare at other

9、s for a long time?既然你知道长时间盯着另 U人看是不礼貌的，那你怎么还这样做呢？【典例】一It cost me30 yuan toe here.Well, it was crazy of you to take a taxi you would e by busas well.解析 此题考查状语从何连接词。when在句中引导原因状语认句，相当于 sinceconsidering that.句意为：“既然可以坐汽车，你乘出租车来这儿，真是疯了。”译为“然后”【典例】I stayed till noon,when I went home.我呆到中午，然后就回家了。 二、when作

10、并列连词，弓I 导并列分句when译为“突然或这时”.可用在四种句式中，表示一个动作“正在发生”、“即将发生”、“刚刚完成”突然插入另一个动作。when 相当于and just time 或and just at that time.此用法也是高考的高频考点。were doing when正在做这时突然 【典例】I was walking alongthe river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.我正沿着河边走，突然听到一个溺水儿童的呼救。【高考】OneFriday, wewere packingto leave for a week

11、endaway mydaughter heard cries for help.解析此题考查连词辨析。句意为：“我们正在收拾行李准备外出过周末，这时我 的女儿听到求救的呼喊。" be doing以八门表示“正在做某事，这时”，故选 D. abou t to dobe on the point of doingwhen正要做 这时突然 【典例】I was about to go out whenan unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。She was on the point of leaving whenI arrived. 她正要离开，这

12、时我来了。donewhen刚刚做 就 【典例】 We had just planted 100 trees when it began to rain.我们刚刚栽完100棵树，天就开始下雨了。【高考】Shehad just finished herhomework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 解析 此题考查句型had done whenwhen用作并列连词相当于 and at that time.句意为：“昨天她刚做完作业，这时，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。”所以 答案是A. 三、when作从属连词，引

13、导名词性从句when引导名词性从句，在从句中作时间状语，意为“什么时候”.从句常包括主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。此时注意：从句要用陈述语气。【典例】Wherwe willgo to Beijing hasn ' t been decided. 我们什么时候去北京，还没有确定。 Please remind me when he said he was going, I may be in time to see him off.提醒我他什么时候走，我好及时给他送行。 Myquestion is whenwewill start.我的问题是，我们何时出发。Tomput fo

14、rward the question atthe meeting when the plan can be carried out.汤姆在会上提出问题：何时可以实施这个计划。【高考】A good friend of mine from I wasborn showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.解析 此题考查when引导的宾语从句。句中" when I was born”作介词from的宾 语，修饰限定前面的a good friend of mine.句意为：“在我动身去北京之前，儿时的一个好友来到了我家。”答案选C.

15、 以上是笔者对when作连词时的用 法总结，希望对英语学习者有所帮助。英语幽默小故事A GentleReminder Having been married a long time, my husband sometimes needs a gentle reminder of a special occasion. On the morning of our 35th anniversary, wewere sitting at the breakfast table whenI hinted,“Honey,do you realize that we ve been sitting in these sametwo seats for e