大学考试试卷-蚕体解剖生理（双语）

1、大学考试试卷蚕体解剖生理（双语）（A卷）标准答案 一、 填空（共10小题，每题2分，共20分） Fill in the blanks with correct words. 10 topics with each 2 points sum to 20 points. 1. Insects like silkworms that undergo complete metamorphosis have a typical life cycle including eggs , larvae , pupae , and moth (adult) stage. 2. The silkworm is a

2、 species of insecta or arthropods （纲或门）that has 13 segments, 9 pairs of spiracles, and 5 pairs of abdominal feet. 3. Correctly fill the blanks below that represent corresponding composition of silkworm brain. 1 Brain 2 Subesophageal ganglion 3 Corpora cardiaca 4 Corpora allata 5 Lateral pharyngeal n

3、erve cord 6 Recurrent nerve 4. The six most common types of hemocytes in silkworm are prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, oenocytoids, and coagulocytes. 5. Larvae of Lepidoptera tend to have a very high midgut pH, varying from about 810 . However, the midgut pH of silkworm is 9

4、.42 . 6. Chemoreceptors of the silkworm including contact receptors: gustatory or taste receptor and olfactory receptors. 7. The silkworm brain consists of three fused ganglionic masses: the protocerebrum, the deutocerebrum, and the tritocerebrum. 8. The general anatomy of the male Bombyx mori inter

5、nal organ, could be consist of the paired testes, the vas deferens, the ejaculatory duct and accessory glands. 9. Insect cellular immunity includes phagocytosis, nodule formation, encapsulation and aggregation. 10. At the end of gastrulation, there is an outer layer cells named ectodermal and an inn

6、er layer of cells termed mesentodermal layer. 得分 二、 正误题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分），正确的标记，错误标记×。 True-false items. 10 items with each 1 points sum to 10 points. True label tick and false label cross. 11Some insects swallow air or swallow water to expand the gut and split the old cuticle. ( ) 12. The silk

7、worm is the only typical insect that has stemmata at the larval stage and compound eyes at the moth stage. ( × ) 13. The central body complex in deutocerebrum appears to be involved in “arousal“ behavior. ( × ) 14. Stimuli cause changes in membrane permeability of excitable cells. ( ) 15.

8、Diapause termination usually depends on reception of token stimuli concerning the physiological conditions. ( × ) 16. Panoistic ovarioles do not have nurse cells. ( ) 17. In Bombyx mori, biting responses are stimulated by sitoaterol, leafaldehyde and linalool . ( × ) 18. The antenna of mal

9、e commercial silk moth, B.mori, send many impulses per second into the brain even when not stimulated by pheromones. ( ) 19. Urine formation in Malpighian tubules relies on concentration of saline. ( × ) 20. Allelochemicals influence the behavior or physiology of a members of a different specie

10、s than that of the producer. ( ) 得分 三、 理解题（阅读下列短文回答问题，共5小题，10分）。 Comprehension (Read the following 2 paragraphs, answer the questions, 10 points). Traditionally, silk proteins are thought to be two phased semi-crystalline polymers containing both crystalline and non-crystalline regions. The crystall

11、ine regions have been identified as rigid, tightly packed anti-parallel -pleated sheets. The -sheets are either poly-Ala, or poly-Gly-Ala, interlocking with adjacent chain via hydrogen bonds. The non-crystalline domains are often described as poorly orientated, randomly coiled sections of the peptid

12、e, or amorphous. Fibroin from the silkworm B. mori is composed of two chains (H-fibroin heavy and L-fibroin light) linked by a disulfide bond. Another component of the protein is P25, which has been suggested to act as a chaperone to assist in the transport and secretion of H-fibroin. H-fibroin, L-f

13、ibroin and P25 are thought to be assembled in the ratio 6:6:1. This assembly appears to be standard in silk secreted by members of the lepidoptera order, with the exception of the saturniidae family, where L-fibroin and P25 are absent. Silk fibroin can exist in a number of different conformational s

14、tates: Silk I and silk II. Silk II is the solid fibroin that can be found in the spun silk thread, while silk I is the dissolved, meta-stable form stored in the silk gland. 21Which statement is correct? ( B ) A. The crystalline regions of silk proteins are poly-Ala and poly-Gly-Ala. B. Saturniidae f

15、amily is also an order of lepidotera. C. Silk I and Silk II are different silk fibroin conformational states, which can be found in the silk gland. D. Two chains of fibroin from the silkworm B. mori are assembled by hydrogen bonds. 22. “Amorphous” in the text means ( A ) A. non-crystalline. B. poorl

16、y orientated. C. coiled sections. D. peptide 23. What kinds of linkage can be detected in silk fibroin? ( C ) A. hydrogen bonds. B. disulfide bond. C. both hydrogen and disulfide bond. D. chaperone. Usually, the egg nucleus is diploid until the entry of the sperm stimulates meiotic division leading

17、to the haploid egg nucleus. Union of a sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus produces zygote and stimulates the zygote to begin division. Ultimately, zygotic division in all insect eggs produce large numbers of nuclei lacking of cell membranes but each surrounded with a small field of cytoplasm, called

18、 polar bodies. 24. When the haploid could be founded in egg nucleus? ( A ) A. the first time of meiotic division. B. all meiotic division. C. the zygotic division. D. the final division. 25. Zygotic division produce ( C ) A. One oocyte. B. One oocyte and one polar body. C. One oocyte and many polar

19、bodies D. Many polar bodies. 得分 四、翻译题（中英文互译，4小题，共20分）。 Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese, sum to 20 points. 26. period基因活化时就产生了mRNA；mRNA被转运到细胞的细胞质并作为PER蛋白产物的模板 （6分）。 When the period gene is active, period mRNA is made. The mRNA is transported to the cells cytoplasm and serves

20、 as template for the production of PER protein. 27. 家蚕生物钟调节重要的功能如行为，激素水平，蜕皮，感觉和代谢 （4分）。 The clock of silkworm regulates critical functions such as behavior, hormone levels, ecdysis, sensory and metabolism. 28. PER protein levels oscillate over a 24-hour cycle, in synchrony with the circadian rhythm.

21、 （4分） PER蛋白质水平在24小时循环（周期性）振荡与生物钟节奏同步。 29He showed that when TIM bound to PER, the two proteins were able to enter the cell nucleus where they blocked period gene activity to close the inhibitory feedback loop. （6分） 他发现当TIM结合到PER，两个蛋白就能进入细胞核，在此它们打断Period基因活性以关闭反馈回路的抑制。 得分 五、问答题 （英文作答，3小题，共40分） 30. Wh

22、ats the action mechanism of acetylcholine at the synapse? 突触处乙酰胆碱的作用机制是什么？ (20 points) A volley of spikes arriving at the presynaptic terminal increases permeability of the presynaptic membrane to calcium, which diffuses into the terminal, and through a second messenger sets up a cascade of actions

23、that facilitate attachment of synaptic vesicles to the synaptic membrane. (4 points) The synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane and release quanta or packets of Ach into the synaptic cleft. Electron micrographs have shown that the presynaptic membrane expands slightly with the incorporation of ves

24、icular membranes. (3 points) When released into the synaptic cleft, the Ach molecules diffuse randomly, with some contacting and attaching to acetylcholine receptors and others encountering acetylcholine-esterase. Ach is rapidly released from the receptor and may randomly collide with another recept

25、or to repeat the process. (4 points) When Ach is bound to its receptor, Na+ channels are opened. When large numbers of Na+ channels are opened in the postsynaptic membrane, the inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane with production of an EPSP that is conducted decrementally awa

26、y from the site of origin. If the stimulation is strong enough, the excitation may spread to the region of the axon that generates spikes. (4 points) An Ach molecule encountering acetylcholinesterase is hydrolyzed to acetic acid and choline, neither of which has any physiological action at the synap

27、se. Both break-down products diffuse out of the synapse and/or are taken up by the presynaptic neuron, and may be used to synthesize new Ach through action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase. (5 points) 31. Whats the functions of glial cells? 神经胶细胞有哪些功能？ (12分) Glial cells ensheath the axonal and neurite processes, as well as the somata, of neurons. Glial cells