浅析英语语法中的虚拟语气

1、浅析英语语法中的虚拟语气 浅析英语语法中的虚拟语气 【摘 要】虚拟语气是一个难以掌握的语法难题。虚拟语气常用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况。它的难点主要表达在谓语动词的变化上。如果掌握了虚拟语气在不同时间段里谓语动词的变化形式，就根本掌握了虚拟语气的用法。 【关键词】虚拟语气；条件句；名词从句 英语语法中，英语的语气分为三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气是通过谓语动词特殊形式来表示的，用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的并不是事实，或与事实相反。以下是笔者简单分析虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 1.与现在事实相反

2、从句：If+ 主语+ 动词过去式(be 动词用were) 主句： 主语+ would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If I were you, I should stay at home. If they had time, they would study Italian. 2.与过去事实相反 从句：If+ 主语+ had+ 动词过去分词 主句： 主语+ would/should/could/might + have+ 动词过去分词 If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 3.与将来事实可能相反 从句： I

3、f+ 主语+ 动词过去式(be 动词用were) If+ 主语+ were to+ 动词原形 If+ 主语+ should+ 动词原形 主句：主语+ would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 4.虚拟语气的混合形式。即：假设主句、从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去

4、事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，那么从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。 If it had snowed last night (过去) , It would be very cold today( 现在) . If we knew the brains secret (现在) , we could make better use of the brains memory( 将来) . 5.含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如果有had, should, were，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或局部倒装

5、。 Had you not helped me (= If you hadnt helped me), I should have failed. Should there be a flood (= If there should be a flood), what should we do? Were I you (= If I were you), I would go. 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟结构为( should) + 动词原形，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等。虚拟语气常用在以下三种主语从句中： A.It is + ad

6、j. (necessary, important, strange, etc.) + that+ 主语+ (should) + 动词原形。 It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. B.It was + n (a pity, a shame, etc.) + that+ 主语+ (should) + 动词原形。 It was a pity that you (should) be so careless. C.It w ill be + p. p. (过去分词) (suggested, decided, propose

7、d, etc.) + that + 主语+ (should) + 动词原形。 It w ill be desired that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：a. 三种主语从句中，should 可以省略，但不可换用would。 b.这种从句表示的是事实，如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可以用虚拟语气。反之，从句可用陈述语气。 It is strange that he did not come yesterday. 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 A.在动词demand, desire, command, request

8、, propose, suggest, advise, insist 等后面的宾语从句中, 虚拟结构为：(should) + 动词原形。 I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. He insisted that she (should) give him h is money back. 注意：a.suggest 表示建议时，宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。suggest 表示暗示，说明时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 His pale face suggests that he is ill. b.insist 表示坚持(应该) 时，宾语从句用

9、虚拟语气。Insist 表示力言，强调时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. B.wish 后的宾语从句 a.从句用过去式，表示与现在事实或将来相反的愿望。 I wish it were Sunday today. b.从句用过去完成式，表示过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，或者是对一件事表示遗憾。 I wish I had passed the final exam. I wished I hadnt been so forgetful. c.表示将来可能不能实现的愿望，宾语从句用would/could + 动词

10、原形。 He wishes I would go with him. 3.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法 在advice, proposal, suggestion, request 等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词用虚拟语气，用( should) + 动词原形。 My idea is that he (should) do exercises first We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 4.虚拟语气在以as if (as though) 引导的表语

11、从句或状语从句中的用法 A.如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式(be 动词用were)。 He looked at me as if (though) I were mad. B.如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词。 He speaks English so fluently as if (though) he had studied English in England. C.如果从句表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词用would/might/could + 动词原形。 It looks as if (though) it might rain. 注意：as if

12、 (as though) 引导的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。 It looks as (though) our team is going to win. 三、虚拟语气在It is (high) time that句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be 动词用were) 或should+ 动词原形( should 不能省略) 来表示，意为(现在) 该。 It is time that we went to school. It is high time that we should go to school. 四、虚拟语气在would rath

13、er that句型中的用法，从句中的谓语动词用过去式(表示现在或将来)：用过去完成式表示过去。 Id rather you paid me no Id rather they came tomorro Id rather she hadnt done that. 五、虚拟语气在if only引导的感慨句中的用法，表示要是多好。 If only I were a bird! If only he had taken my advice! If only I could help you! 六、表示祝愿的句子中也需要用虚拟语气。 Long live world peace! May you be happy every day! 七、结语 虚拟语气是英语中一个复杂的语法，它有多种语法形式，可以表达多种意思，而且带有浓郁的情感色彩。虚拟语气的使用