情态动词用法归纳

1、For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercialuse情态动词用法归纳情态动词有 can （could）, may （might）, must, have to, shall （should, will （would）, dare （dared）, need （needed）, ought to 等。 情态动词 无人称和数的变化； 不能单独使用，必须 与其后的 动词原形 构成 谓语一、can, could1）can, could 表示 能力（体力、知识、技能） 。 Can you lift this heavy box

2、? （体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。用be able to改写上面三个句子。Can只有一般现在时（can）和一般过去式（could）；而be able to则有更多的时态。am/is/are able to（一般现在时）：I am able to do this job,其它几个自己改写was/were able to（ 般过去式 ）:He was able to do this jobwill be able to（一般将来时）：I will（won '） be ab

3、le to do this job this afternoonI ' ll nobt e able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如：He can't swim,but he is able to cross the river.2）can, could表示请求和允许。 Can I go now? =May I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you can ='Yet.s,you may./No,you may not.此时可与 may 互换。在 疑问

4、句 中还可用 could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （ No, I ' m afraid no）t.3）表示 客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力） 。They' ve changed the timetable, so wcean go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度） ， 用于疑问句、否定句 和感叹句中。Can this be

5、 true?This can' bte done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1）表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn t表示"不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room? No, you mustn' .t May/Might I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. （No, you can' t / mustn. ）'t用 May I. ？

6、征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I. ？在口语中更常见。2）用于 祈使句， 表示祝愿。May you succeed!3）表示推测、可能性 （不用于 疑问句 ）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比 may小。1 He may /might be very busy now.2 Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1) 表示 必须、必要 。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn t(禁止，不准)，而用needri t, don ' t h

7、avet不必). Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. No, you don'thave to / you needn't.2) must是说话人的 主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。1 he play isn 't interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示 推测、可能性 (只用于肯定的陈述句)1 You're T

8、om's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、dare, need1) dare 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 , 过去式形式为 dared。1 How dare you say I'm unfair?2 He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we coul

9、dn 't get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, should 代替。 1You needn' ctome so early.2. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you needn' .t3) dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而ne

10、ed后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn' t dar(eto) answer.3. He needsto finish his homework today.五、shall, should1) shall 用于 第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称 ，表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁 。1. You shall fail if you don ' t work警Otd)(2. He shall hav

11、e the book when I finish it.(允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威 胁)六、will, would1) 表示 请求、建议 等， would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望 和决心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作 或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯 时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯” 的含义。1. Durin

12、g the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示 估计 和猜想 。It would be about ten o' clock when she left home.七、should, ought to1) should, ought to表示"应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。1. I shouldhelp her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of th

13、e baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在 疑问句中常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window?3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测)。1.He must be home by now.(断定他已至U家 ) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This

14、 is where the oil ought to/shouldbe.(含蓄)八、 情态动词 +不定式完成式( have done)1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定 , 表示推测。1. You could have donebetter, but you didn 'ttry your best. (虚拟语气)2. He can'thave been to that town.(推测)3. Can he have got the book?(推测)2)

15、may / might +不定式完成式( have done)表示对过去行为的 推测。不能用于 疑问句 中，没有 虚拟语气 的用法。 Might 所表示的可能性比 may 小。1. He may not have finished the work . 2If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3) must +不定式完成式( have done)用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的 推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can, can't代替。参看1) can / could + have done

16、表示 推测。1. You must have seenthe film Titanic .2 He must have been to Shanghai.4) should +不定式完成式( have done)用于肯定句 中，表示对过去行为的 推测。 He should have finished the work by now。表示“ 本应该做而实际上没有做某事 ”，其否定式表示某种行为 本不该发生却发生了 。可以与 oughtto +不定式完 成式( have done) 互换。1. You ought to/ should have helped him. (but you didn

17、't.)2. She shouldn'thave taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5) needn't+ 不定式完成式( have done)表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事” 。 You needn' t have wateredthe flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will +不定式完成式( have done)主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的 推测。 He will have arrived by now情态动词也可以和动词进

18、行形式或完成进行形式构成谓语：表示应当正在”，想必正在”的意思。Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?She might still be thinking about the question you raised.He can't be swimming in such weather.At the moment she may (might) be playing with her schoolmates.We needn't be standing here in the rain. We might take shel

19、ter in the hut over there.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行形式构成谓语，表示应当一直在 ”,想必一直在”这类意思。【例如】They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.They may have been discussing the problem this morning.She couldn't have been swimming all day.情态动词部分练习题1) You all those clothes! We have a washing m

20、achine to do that sort of thingA) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed C) must not have washed D) can not havewashed2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he last night.A) should study B) should have studied C) must have studied D) must have to study3) The room

21、is in a terrible mess; it cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They from South America on rafts.A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailedD) should

22、 have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She in her classroom.A) should have beenB) must have been C) must be D) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He his mind.A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed C) must have changed D) sho

23、uldn't havechanged7) You to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not goD) needn't have gone8) We the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.A) must receive B) ought to receive C) must have received D) ought to have rece

24、ived9) With all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night.A) mustn't goB) shouldn't have goneC) could not goD) couldn't have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She earlier.A) should get up B) must get upC) need to get upD) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I so much chocola

25、te.A) needn't have eate B) couldn't have eatenC) mustn't have eatenD) shouldn't have eaten12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I .A) hadB) would doC) should haveD) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he Tom to go

26、 with him.A) might have askedB) should asked C) must have askedD) should have asked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I there earlier.A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get15) The road was muddy. It last night.A) must rained B) must have rainedC) m

27、ust be rainedD) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She.A) must been in the for some timeB) must have been in thefor some timeC) should have been in thefor some timeD) May be in thefor some time17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he.A) was used to beB) used t

28、o beC) was used toD) use to18) “We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He _it.A) mustn't visit B) can't have visitedC) should have gone to se19) Mary my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should have receivedB) has receivedC) Couldn't have receivedD) may

29、seeD) ought to have received20) I you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to giveB) liked to giveC) have liked to giveD) would like to give21) “Where my umbrella? ”“Somebody it away by mistake.A) is, must have takenB) is, must takeC) have been, must tak

30、eD) is, takes22) What would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you supposeB) you suppose C) do you suppose23) Two eyes see more than one.D) you would supposeA) canB) mayC) willD) should24) you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) Would B) Will C) May D

31、) Should25) We ought to help each other in our work, ?A) oughtn't weB) should weC) shouldn't we D) ought to we26) Tom better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldn't knowC) has knownD) should have known27) You your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A) had better got B)

32、 had to get better C) had better to getD) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we .A) needn't hurryB) didn't need hurryC) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried29) It was really very dangerous; you him seriously.A) might have injured B) c

33、ould injure C) should have injuredD) must injure30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he continue the work.A) needn't B) may not C) mustn'tD) can't31) An Englishman who not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) must B) could C) may D) might32) I like to make a suggestion.A)

34、 could B) would C) mustD) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you try to get over the difficulties.A) can B) may C) mustD) ought34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It by somebody.A) may have been taken awayB) may leaveC) may take awayD) must have taken away35) He the 9:20 train b

35、ecause he didn't leave home till 9:25.A) can reach B) could catchC) may not catchD) couldn't have caught情态动词部分练习题答案1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D情态动词专项练习I.单项选择

36、1.I thought youlike something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. mayB. mightC. couldD. must2. Youto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need comingD. needn't come3. Heyou more help, even though he w

37、as very busy. A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give4.I help you with some shoes, madam? Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. A. WillB. ShouldC. MayD. Must5. The reason why theyleave wasn't explained to us. A. hadB. had toC. mustD. mightit at home. A. leftB. have l

38、eft C. might have leftD. could have left6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.A. could have fallen B. should have fallenreturn to their school.C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen

39、8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon theyA. canB. mustC. have toD. ought togo with me.9. I want to go to the chemist's, but youA. need notB. must notC. needD. must10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion. A. canB. couldC. shouldD. would11. What weA. canB. cou

40、ldget seems better than what we have. C. can'tD. Couldn 't12. My goodness! I've just missed the train.That's too bad. I am sure youA. could have caughtB. had caughit, if you had hurried. C. would catchD. could catchmore careful.D. would be14.I repeat the question? A. ShallB. WillC. D

41、o you want thatD. Do13. Look! What you've done! YouA. may be B. had to C. should have beenthey wait here or outside!15. Professor Li, many students want to see you.A. DoB. WillC. ShallD. Are16. YouA. haven'tB. can'tC. mustn'tD. needn't17. Johnny, youplay with the knife; youhurt y

42、ourself.A. won't; can'tB. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; mustD. mustn't; may18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jackbe here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. canD. shouldread that book if you don't want to. o take me as well.19. There were already 5 people in the car, but

43、 they managed t Ita comfortable journey.A. can't beB. shouldn't beC. couldn't have beenD. mustn't have been20. Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tell C. be tellingC. having told21. Everyone is here.we start the meeting? A. CanB. MustC. ShouldD. Shall

44、22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. ItA. must be stolenB. may be stolenC. must have stolenD. must have been stolen23. Hethe work yesterday, but he didn't.A. must have finishedB. need have finishedC. finishedD. should have finished24. He did not pass the examination. As a good s

45、tudent, he. A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failedC. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed25.it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A. MayB. shouldC. CouldD. would26. Youlead a horse to the water but younot make it drink.A. will; canB. may; canC. may; dareD. d

46、are; can27. Must we finish the composition in class?No, youA. needn'tB. mustn't C. won'tD. shouldn't28. Her eyes were red. She. A. must cry B. must be cried C. must have been cryingD. may cry29. Maryhis letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receiveB. must receive

47、C. couldn't have receivedD. shouldn't have received30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps Ifor her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it outn.用所给动词的适当形式填空Hello. Gerry speaking.Hello, Gerry. It's me John here. Why aren't you here at the meeting?Well, I'm terribly sorry,but I'm not feeling very well.Is that all? We thought you might(have) an accidentor(forget) the day or something.No, I'm sorry. I was sick all night. I think it must(be) the fish I ate last