23个现在完成时的标志词

1、23个现在完成时的标志词23个现在完成时的标志词（如to date）当然 ever, never, just （方才/刚刚），already （已经）,yet （到目前为止）,today, this morning/week/year也是可以使用现在完成时，并非最大多数原则。出现以下的词汇，通常使用“现在完成时”结构。l）ever since, since, since then3 个2）by now, so far, till/until now, up to now5 个3）before, lately, recently3 个4）in recent years； in the past2

2、 个5）iii/for/over/（Iurlng the last/past +时间段2 个6）This/That/It is +最高级结构（that） +从句用现完1个7）This/That/It is the first/second. time （that） + 从句用现完1 个8）This/That/It is the only.（that） + 从句用现完1 个9）不很常见的 up to the present, to date, thus far3 个10）不很常见的long ago, from2个以上的划分是为了讲解记忆的方便而已。1 .ever since, since, si

3、nce then3 个ever since, since中的since可以是副词，也可以是介词、连词；since then为介词+名词（或副词）结构朗文英语语法第309页9.25.2与since和for连用的现在完成时since和for常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。since （+时点）可用作：since连词：Tom hasn't been home since he was a boy.汤姆从小就不在家 了。since副词：I saw Fiona in May and I haven't seen her since.我5月份见过菲奥娜，此后我就没有再见过她了。si

4、nce介词：Eve lived here since 1980.自1980年起我就住在这儿。since用作连词时:后面可跟一般过去时或现在完成时：I retired in 1980 and came to live here. I've lived here since I retiied.我于1980年退休后就搬到这里。我自退休后就一直住在这儿。（即我调休的时点：1980年）I have lived here for several years now and I've made many new friends since I have lived here.我已在这里住了

5、好多年。从我在这里住下到现在，我已交了许多新朋友。（即一 直到现在）2 .by now, so far, till/until now, up to now5 个这几个是“到现在为止/到目前为主/迄今（为止）”，常使用现完中考考点。高阶英语语法（增补本 杜永文编著）第295页0433If he sent the letter to me last Wednesday, why have not I received it by now?如果上个星期三他把信寄给我了，为什么到现在我还不曾收到？麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典笫1420页now词条The meeting should have finis

6、hed by now.会议现在应该已经结束了 o剑桥高阶英汉双解词典第785页far词条so far: until now迄今为止；到目前为止So far we've made thirty-two thousand pounds.到目前为止，我们已经赚了 32 000英镑。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典第738页far词条so far: until now 迄今为止So far we have restricted our attention to the local area.迄今为止，我们都把注意力局限在当地。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典第1420页now词条up to now/ unti

7、l nowUntil now, we've had veiy mild weather this winter.我们今年冬天的天气一直到现在都比较暖和。COBUILD英汉双解词典第2155页up词条Up to now they、© had veiy little say. 一直到现在他们还很少有发言权。3 .before(now), lately, recently3 个before必须是副词词性，强调的是“从现在开始追溯到过去的一段时间“，使用现 完；recently与lately相近，含义有两个“最近的/近来的，不久前的“，因此前者的含 义大多使用现完结构，后者的含义使用

8、一般过去时结构。朗文英语语法第308页9.25.1Olga hasn,t appeared on TV before now.奥尔加在此以前没有上过电视。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第176页before词条before: adv. at an earlier time 以前； 过去Haven't we met before?我们以前没见过？We haven't had these problems befoie.我们以前从未碰倒过这些问题。英语词汇用法手册(L. G.亚历山大编著)第159页late, lay词条We havent seen you lately.最近我们一直没见过你

9、。(lately =近来)朗文当代高级英语辞典第五版第2394页smile词条I haven't had much to smile about lately.近来我没什么开心的事情。葛传集英语惯用法词典第475页recently词条5.recently可与修饰属于完成时态或过去时态而动词。例如：I (have) heard from him recently.COBUILD柯林斯 英汉双解词典辛克莱著第1612页recently词条I haven,t heard from her recently.近来我没有接到她的信。4 .in recent years； in the past2

10、 个上海高考英语2015年另查过in recent years这个结构：in the past可以使用过去时与现在完成时等结构新戒念英语第二册第58课A blessing in disguise?是因祸得福吗？The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent yearsthat it has gained an evil reputation.后半句事实上是个强调句,可理解为that it has gained an evil reputation only in recent years.

11、这里把recent对应于现在完成时源于此。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典笫1059页in词条44c: within a period of time 在(一段时间)之内：Unemployment has risen by over 15% in the past year.失业率在去年一年内上升了 15%以上。现代英语用法词典(修订版 张道真主编)第1059页past词条In the past I have had many jobs. (DCE)In the past trains were pulled by steam-engines. (OSD)5 . i n/ for/o ver/d u

12、ri ng the last/past + 时间段2 个这个大结构大多使用现完，高考英语考查两处：介词(与现完的搭配)；现完(与介词结构的搭配)6 .This/That/It is +最高级结构(that) +从句用现完1个事实上，实际应用中未见得完全如此，但考试还是一个要求。朗文英语语法第308页9.25.1It's the most interesting book I've ever read.这是我读过的最有意识的书。牛津英语用法指南(第三版)第920页It's one of the most interesting books I've ever re

13、ad.这是我看过的最有意识的书中的一本。朗文英语语法第40页Ifs the silliest argument (that) I-e ever heard.这是我听说过的最愚蠢的论点。Bach's the gieatest composer thaf s (or who's) eveiTived.巴赫是曾有过的最伟大的 作曲家。朗文英语语法第219页6.28.1我们也可以在最高级之后用一关系从句。这种从句经常伴随着带有ever heard, met, read, seen等词的现在完成时：'War and Peace' is the lonaest book (

14、that) I have ever read.战争与和平是我所看过的书中最长的一部。Penfold is the most conceited man (that/whom) I have ever met.彭福尔德是我所遇到的人中最自负的一个。7 .This/It/That is the first/second. time (that) + 从句用现完1 个该条目算是硬性的规定。牛津英语语法：即学即练第30页在 It，s/This is the first/second time 之后，用现在完成时。Tliis is the first time we've been to Sco

15、tland, so it's all new to us.This is the second time Rachel has forgotten to give me a message.I love tliis film. I tliiiik it's the fourth time Fve seen it.牛津英语用法指南(第三版)第920页Tliis is the first that I've heard her sing.这是我第一次听见她唱歌。8 .This/That/It is the only. .(that) +从句用现完1 个本条目属于语法结构上的

16、规定。牛津英语用法指南(第三版)第920页在以 this/it/that is the first/second/third/only/best/worst 等构建的句子里，要用现在 完成时。朗文英语语法笫42页1.43关系从句之所指：一个句子可以包括一个以上的关系词：It's the only building (which) Fve ever seen which is made entirely of glass.这是我所见过的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建筑物。（第一个Which 一般可以省 略。）9 .不很常见的 up to the present, to date, thus

17、far3 个相当于by now, s。far结构，只是目前的教科书、语法书讲解得不多而已。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第1633页present词条I have worked here from 2000 to the present.我自2000年到现在一直在这儿工作。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第2310页up词条Up to this point, we have been discussing our long-term goals.直到现在为止，我们一直在谈论我们的长期目标。Up to （= until） that time they had been fairly successful.他们一直相当

18、成功。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第536页date词条to date: up to now; until the present time 迄今为 lhWe've received no complaints to date. （= yet）迄今为 lh,我们没有接到任何投诉。To date, most of their work has been preparatory.迄今为止，他们做的工作大多是筹备方面的。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第767页far词条thus far: until the present time: so far 到目前为止Thus far the results have been disappointing.到目前为 止结果令人失望<>10 .不很常见的long ago, from2个long咤。属于常见的（违反含义与语法的结构，但事实上是属