外研版必修四module4知识点

1、重点短语23.escape from （out of）+sp.1. experiment with sth.用某物实验2. experiment on sth.对某物进行实验3. carry out -performconductan experiment 做实验do make -7.escape from realityhave a narrow escapea fire escape clear upbe known forbe known anbe known to4. make a breakthrough取得重大突破（进展）5. convert A into/to

2、 B把 A 转换成 B6. take the place of = replace取代，代替7. in place of取代代替（介词短语）8. instead of代替，而不是（介词短语）9. a quantity of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数10. quantitiesof+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词，谓语动词用复数11. bring up抚育漱养，呕吐提出（话题等）12. bring down back13. search for14. search sb/sp15. in search of16. as a result of17. owi

3、ng to 、 thanks to due to because of18. the key to的关键the answer to the question notes to the textan end to the meeting the entrance to the building19. export sth to20. the second most important21. be interested in 22. graduate from- -.降低 bring about归还;恢复;回想bring in寻找搜查某人或某地寻求/寻找由于.的结果 as a result由于问题

4、的答案课文注释会议的结束大厦的入口出口某物到第二重要的对感兴趣从.（地方）毕业从某地逃脱；逃走 逃避现实 九死一生紧急出口 ；安全门（天气）放晴;整理收拾因.而出名/闻名而知名，著称吊二詈弋学尢馅"知加“eornones l见叫台地谋生Ig =make融vng大（少）量"书圣不get/gan-angW#）gcii¥f, much o,用ml HcM困 生较UlWe/jead a - life导致，引起bring?）赚（钱）;带进;传入因此，结果29b1-Fcome topowen$t 的有：rruuiy, I掌秘谭瀛si-nre « i 耳n30Make

5、】power"山-”我暇尊in power 既飞福琉。筒儿芍隔触”虞薮的有：小loargc quaiuiiv oi,plenty lot等0=beyond one s power3V串耶蜗ea/0.3山L叱自既可接可数名词复数. 也用sce裔n跟t就名词区甲K+名词”作主语时，谓'SM=sb/sthiscertain；to-do,4' mlI - 1l 作至'scer肥thafyou勘ucceed. =!?iantities 保持鼓 的一致。33.34.35.当权，执政It's likely that=sb/sth is likely to do可能.

6、It J likely that he is doing his homework. = ?It seems that=sb/sth seems to doIt seems that he knows the secret. =?at war36. be diagnosed with37. become the voice of38. partly because of单词精研好像在交战中被诊断出，患有 成为一的代言人 一部分因为1 .support vt.& n .支撑；扶持；拥护；维持；赡养；忍受 （教材 P32）The research was supported by the

7、government. 这项研究得到了政府的赞助。归纳拓展support one; s family 养家糊口cl car> clear off迅速离开0r4 makeclear清楚表明,讲清楚supporting lady/man （戏剧中的）女配角/男配角in support of 支持（2011 高考陕西卷 ）.his parents needed him to help support the family.他父母需要他帮助养活家人。 He was weak with hunger , so I had to support him.他饿得没有力气，我得搀着他。We all sp

8、eak in support of a ban on drunken driving.我们者B支持禁止酒后驾驶。2 .quantity n. 量；数量；大量（教材P33）A yield refers to quantity （eg of food）.产量指的是数量（例如食物的）。（牛津 P1620）It' s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.大宗购物比较便宜。 It is worthwhile to spend a quantity of money in bringing up children.在教育孩子方面花许多钱是值得的。 A quantity

9、 of money has been spent in bringing up his children.=Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up his children.他在教育孩子方面花了许多钱。 clear away扫除，收拾 clcfir up整理收拾,消除（银会等）；秋晴 clear out除掉；整理 clear one* s throat 滑清嗓子3 .escape vi.逃脱，避开，溜走vt.逃避，避免；被忘掉；情不自禁地发出；被忘记；未被注意n.逃，逃亡，逃跑（教材 P39）The Chinese discover

10、ed that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从管中逸出的气体能够把它推到空中。一言辨异You may avoid all known sources of contagion , yet not easily escape infection.人们可以 避开所有已知的接触传染病源，却难以摆脱非接触传染归纳拓展【注意】escape后常接v.- ing形式作宾语。 There is no way to escape doing the task.没有方法逃避这项工作。（牛津 P676）She mana

11、ged to escape from the burning car.她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。（2011 高考山东卷 ）The root of the problem , as with many addictions , is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress , anxiety andrelationship problems.这个问题的根源在于渴望摆脱诸如压力、紧张和人际关系困难 这样的情感困难。（朗文 P632）There' s no escaping the fact that

12、 she did actually lie to you.不可否认的 是，她的确对你撒了谎。4 .clear vt.使清澈；使清楚；扫清vi.变清澈；（天）变晴；（烟雾）消散adj.清澈的；晴；清晰的；畅通的（教材 P39）When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾散去后，万户和他的椅子都不见了。* make one * 骂 oscxipc 还监* havt?t itLt'f'ow eseape »乙好色生* tL 土,ire cscf-ipe蜷.总出 口； 安金门ICSCI1JXJ

13、I'* escape （dosth.J 京亭* PHCHpE： rrfjmGMit n D + KJJ.l-从某处造死；逃走餐 g From ronl 11 y避5ML实（2011 高考安徽卷 ）They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.他们应该清楚当他们吸烟喝酒时，他们的身体有什么变化。He made it clear that he would resign.他明确表示他要辞职。After supper , my younger brother ofte

14、n helps mother clear away the dishes. 晚饭后，小弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。5.graduate n.毕业生；vi.毕业graduate from从某所学校毕业graduate in 毕业于(某专业)(2)graduation n .毕业judge.by/from.从判断 /判定误区警示：judging from.“据判断“，是一习语，不能用 judged from。朗文在线：The judgement was given in favour of the accused.判决被告为无罪。My judgement is that the plan is good

15、.我的意见是该计划很好。 He showed excellent judgement in choosing the wine.他在择酒方面显示出卓越的判断力。from the past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams.A. Judging B. JudgedC. Considered D. Considering答案与解析：A 假如把from去掉就可选D项。6.convert v.转变；改变信仰；使改恶从善；兑换；占用 n.皈依宗教者，改变信 仰者Britain converted to a decima

16、l currency system in 1971.精讲拓展：CD conversion n . 转变，变换convert into 改装成convert sb. from.to把某人由改变为 a firm convert to the belief that 坚决信仰的人Natural gas can be used to power cars by their engines.A . converting B . ConvictingC . transferring D . transmitting答案与解析：A 通过改变发动机。7.judgement n .(1)审判；看法；(2)意见，

17、看法；(3)判断力，见识，眼力精讲拓展：make a judgement of 对做出判断my judgement is that.我的意见是in one's judgement以某人看来a good judge of art善于鉴别艺术的人pass judgement on sb对某人作出判决a man of judgement 有见识的人8.Conclude vt/vi及物动词vt.1 .结束(+by/wi We 'concluded' o2 .韭神豪航是What can you co3 .(最后)决定(才结束；推断4-)1V qj zjr r rnot FVry/

18、mr liIl incith)个部峦定ur meeting at 9 o'clock. 承正!九点钟偿束不会议。戊Ini.一，*】向WY+that全部占定nclude from these ' observations?你顺这些观察中能得出仲么结论)+to-v+that全 i；让UE*He concluded that he would wait a little longer.他决定再等会 JL。He concluded to quit on pay day. 不及物动词 vi.结束，终了 (+with)The meeting concluded after two hour

19、s. conclusion n.得出结论：draw/reach a conclusion arrive at a conclusion总而言之in conclusion to conclude 辨析：include/conclude/excludeexclude 及物动词 vt.拒绝接纳；把.排除在外；不包括(+from)The club excluded women from membership. 该俱乐部拒绝妇女入会。9.analyse/analyze vt.分析This book teaches you how to analyse what is causing the stress

20、 in your life.n. analysis 分析;分解;解析CU ? n?l ?siseg. In the last analysis, the responsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer. 追根究底，失败的责任在于总工程师。I was very much pleased by your analysis of the situation. 我非常满意你对形势的分 析。复数形式：analyses : ?'n?l ?siz10.infect及物动词 vt. (+with)1) .【医】传染；侵染

21、;感染The flu virus infected almost the entire class.The entire class were almost infected with the flu virus.全班几乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。2) .使受影响；感染The captain's courage infected his men.船长的勇气感染了他的船员。3) .污染The air is infected with noisome gases. 空气受至 U了 有害气体的污染。4) .腐蚀;使腐化n. Infection1) .传染;侵染UAre you sure t

22、here is no danger of infection now?你敢不敢肯定现在已经没有传染的危险了？2) .传染病CEar infections are common in pre-school children3) .影响;感染UHe suffered from a lung infection. 他肺部受到了 感染。Adj. Infectious1) .传染的；传染性的an infectious disease传染病2) .有感染力的，易传播的an infectious grin有感染力的笑Their enthusiasm was infectious.他们的热情有感染力。11 .

23、 expert 英音：'eksp?:t 美音：'?ksp?t名词n. C专家;能手；熟练者(+at/in/on)She is an expert in training animals. 她是驯兽专家。 =specialist 形容词a.熟练的 老练的；有经验的(+at/in/on)He became an expert language teacher.She is expert at making cheap, but stylish clothesexpertly adv.熟练地；讲演丰富地He operated the machine expertly.inexpert

24、 无经验的expertness n.熟练12 .attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加1)照顾；护理；Mr. Smith attended her in the hospital.There was no one to attend him but Tina.2)出席；参加The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries.They attended college together at the University of Pennsylvania.The teacher was disappoint

25、ed to find that not many students had his lecture.A. joined B.attended C.joined in D.took part inattend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。join有两个用法：指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。如： When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？(2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing)

26、sth.,根据上下文，in (doing) sth.也可以省去。如： Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against sl

27、avery.Participate in =take part in正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。go in for从事，参加；爱好enter for 报名参力口 Our team has entered for the competition.attend vi. attend to照顾；接待；料理；处理If you attend to something, you deal with it. If you attend to someone who is hurt or injured, you care for them.Eg.The staff will hel

28、pfully attend to your needs.The main thing is to attend to the injured.Are you being attended to?(商店用语)注：注意，倾听；致力 She didn't attend to what I was saying. 她并不注意听我所说的 话短语精释1.bring in 请来，带进；引进；赚钱；收割庄稼；逮捕(教材 P33)Researchers were brought in from all over China.从中国各地请来研究人员。bring about引起；产生；带来；导致bring

29、back带回；拿回；使回忆起；使恢复bring forth 使产生bring forward 提出；提议；把提前bring on引起；导致；使发展（或前进）；提出供讨论 Could I just bring in some members of the audience to get their views?我可以邀请一些观众来听取他们的意见吗？They have brought in some advanced equipment.他们弓I进了一些先进设备。Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.南方的农民也获得好收成。2 .

30、come to power 掌权；执政（教材 P37）Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。in power 当权have/hold power over sth. 对有控制权beyond one' s power 不能胜任， 力所不能及out of/outside sb.' s power to do sth.做某事超出某人的能力o power 使执政；上台fall into one &

31、#39; s power落入某人的控制中within one' s power 有能力；力所能及 Do you know when the first Chinese empress came to power?你知道中国第一位女皇帝是什么时候上台执政的吗？ She has a lot of power over the people in her team.她对队里的人有很大的影响力。 It' s beyond/not within my power to help you. 我是爱莫能助。 The government in power is devoted to the

32、improvement of education.这一届政府致力于提高教育。Who do you think will take office next month and become presidentof the USA, George W. Bush or John Kerry?A . a; theB . /; theC. the; /D . /; a答案与解析：B take office "执政"，为习语，the president of the USA 表示职务， 作表语。注意作宾补时，这类概念中的名词前用冠词。3 .rice growing adj.种植水稻的

33、这是由名词+现在分词构成的复合形容词精讲拓展：复合形容词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词。复合形容词还有以下几种构成方式：名词+形容词。例如：duty-free免税的，home-sick想家的，heartsick垂头丧气的名词+过去分词。例如：weather beaten饱经风霜的，sugar coated涂有糖衣的，heart felt由衷的形容词+现在分词。例如：good looking 好看的， easy going 随和的形容词+名词。例如：largescale 大规模的，high class 高级的形容词+名词+ edo例如：absent minded 心不在焉的, whole

34、hearted 全心全意的, good tempered 好脾气 的形容词+形容词。例如：icy cold冰冷的，redhot炽热的副词+现在分词。例如：farseeing目光远大的， hard working 努力工作的， farreaching 深远的副词+过去分词。例如：well informed消息灵通的，wide spread遍布的，大面积的，well known著名的由短语构成的形容词。例如：hard to please难以取悦的，lifeanddeath 生死存亡的， happygolucky 无 忧无虑的，outandout彻头彻尾的，faceto face面对面的注意：要注意

35、非谓语动词与所修饰名词的逻辑关系。4 .throw into投入；（使）陷入The explosion threw the people into confusion.精讲拓展：throw light on/upon sth.阐明某事；使某事显得清楚throw sth./oneself at sb./sth.冲向某人 /某物，向扔throw over放弃throw about抛撒，散（财），浪费（金钱）throw away抛弃，把（机会等）丢掉throw back把丢回；拖延throw off匆匆脱掉衣服；扔掉，摆脱掉throw up举起，抛起；呕吐5 .well done干得好，真棒（用于赞

36、扬某人做事做得好）精讲拓展：well played 干得好（=well done）welldone adj.（尤指肉等食物）熟透的，煮透的go well成功（与计划或期望的一样）done好，行，成交（用于表示同意并接受某交易的条件）be done上当，受骗误区警示：well done强调赞扬某人做得好，而done是强调成交。朗文在线： You paid £ 50 for that! You were done, mate!你买那东西竟然花了50英镑！你上当了，老兄！ I was really pleased that the concert had gone so well.音乐会办

37、得如此成功，我真高兴。命题方向：well done常与congratulations, all right等放于一起以辨析题的形式在交 际用语中考查。 The answer is that Stephen Hawking discovered the radiation.A. Well done! B. Congratulations©. Celebrations! D. All right!答案与解析：A交际语境考查，对别人工作/答语的赞扬，“你真棒！”6. Put forwardcome up with/bring up/put up/bring forward1）提出He pu

38、t forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.2）他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。2）把.向前拨You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes. 你应该把表朝前拨快十分钟。联想： put away/put aside/put off/put down/put on/put out/put up 等The theory was laughed at when it was first（2010 南京质检）Put forwardPut asidePut offPut downWe' re try

39、ing to put aside a few hundred dollars monthly for emergency.Put the books _away after using them.The meeting has been put _off till next week.We can putup at a hotel tonight.I don ' t know how you put _upwith their constant quarreling.She always put _down her boyfriend, but he didn ' t seem

40、 to mind.（奚落）句型精析1 .（教材 P39）Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world ' s first astronaut ? 还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？【点津】 becoming the world ' s first astronaut是现在分词短语，在此处作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语，只能放在主句后面。Her parents died, leaving her a lot of debts.她的父母去世了，给她留下很多债务。 It rained heavi

41、ly, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂?它， 造成了刃B个国家洪水泛滥。【注意】现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别（1）现在分词作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。例如：（2）Many trees had been blown down by the high winds , blocking roads.许多树被狂风舌U 倒，堵住了道路。（3）不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。例如：（4）I rushed to the school , only to find it was

42、Sunday. 我跑到学校，结果却发现那天是星期天。2 .（教材 P39）The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被捆在一根长棍子上，这根棍子有助于让火箭保持笔直的方向前进。【点津】 keep sb./sth. doing sth.表示“使一直做某事"。keep后面可以跟复合结构，即宾语与宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的可以是介词短语、v.-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词等。 该句式中keep为使役动词，该句式意为“使继

43、 续处于某种状态" 。（1）keep +宾语（名词或代词）+形容词。（2）keep +宾语（名词或代词）+副词。（3）keep+宾语（名词或代词）+名词。（4）keep+宾语（名词或代词）+现在分词，其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。（5）keep +宾语（名词或代词）+过去分词，其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。（6）keep十宾语（名词或代词）+介词短语。The news that my father was admitted to a hospital kept me sad.我父亲住院的消息使 我很伤心。He kept all the lights on

44、when he went out.他出去时把所有的灯都开着。Please keep me a place in the queue请在队里给我留个位置。I' m sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让您久等了。He will never keep a job half done.他从来都不会让工作半途而废。 典型句式1 .the key to （doing） sth.（做）某事的关键；的钥匙He thought that the key to feeding people（养活世人的关键 ）was to have more rice and to produce

45、 it more quickly.2 .a way to do sth./of doing sth.做的方法 /方式by doing sth.通过做某事He thought there was onlyone way to do this（做这件事的种方法 ）by crossing different species of rice plant（ 通过使不同种类的水稻杂交 ）,and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.3 .v.

46、- ing 形式作方式状语Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a specialcomputer（靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑说话）,he has become the voice ofscience.4 .keep sb./sth. doing sth.使一直做某事 The tubes were attached to a long stickwhich helped_ keep the rocket moving in a straight direction（ 使火箭直直地前进 ）.5.1 t is possible that. 可能

47、.it is possible tha（是可能的）they introduced them to Europe.单元语法动词的被动语态1 .被动语态的时态结构，具体见下表：belong to（属于）等。The book cost him 20 dollars.这本书花了他 20 美元。（3）动词look, smell, sound, feel, taste用作连系动词时不用被动语态，但有被动含义。.Cotton feels- soft.惘花悝强邛软绵名帛省管/ l -1- beiTIR-1-h.ficl Been.-1-一些动词;像 write, sell, was;h,- -open,- w

48、ebrj lock 嘴,如表示主语的性能呻，不用彳动正 柑朱The态。. 1 q. | 1 jI IK -pen writes wen.这钢笔,书写卜利。 =+ hfiv<- ht en will J lit JjciMI啮胞 可置Th|别被他汨态f口系表结构：被; e form were filled- by those v卜语态表动作，系表结构: vho attended the meeting益犬1v<r.（'被动明态）3分i同 English is taught in most schools in China.（ 一般现在时 ）中国大多数学校都教英语。They w

49、ere given a warm send off.（一般过去时）他们受到热烈的欢送。I'm afraid I am being followed.（现在进行时）恐怕我被人跟踪了。The case has recently been tried.（现在完成时）案子最近已经审过了。Their wedding will be held in the church.（ 一般将来时）他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.（ 过去完成时）也们至1达时，所的制填性经售完。进行酎怎完成时62.与为语灵发动语专

50、相关的九类问题 F中巾如k示被动啥啾为助步 “这往k是英语学习中值彳am 1I常用诙品悉鹏今时虽有黑女劈嬉（1）连系动词、/、及物动词或/、及物动词短语/、能用被动语态。The story happened last year.故事发生在去年。（2）有些及物动词也没有被动语态。如 have（有），equal（等于），fit（适合），hold（容纳）, join（参加），mean（意味着），last（持续），cost（花费），wish（希望），look like（看起来像）,表格由参加会议的人填写。The bottle was filled with water.（系表结构）瓶里装满水。（6）含

51、情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+ be+动词过去分词。This work can be easily done.这项工作容易做。（7）动词短语的被动语态短语动词如果是及物的，可以用于被动语态，构成短语的介词或副词不能省略。如look after, talk about, set up, put off, do away with, put up with 等。“动词+名词+介词”构成的动词短语，如 make use of, pay attention to, take care of 等变为被动语态时，一般把整个动词短语当作一个及物动词来处理。These books are taken go

52、od care of.这些书被很好地照料。（8）带双宾语的主动句变为被动句只把其中的一个宾语变为主语即可。主动句： He gave me the present.他给了我这份礼物。被动句：I was given the present by him.=The present was given （to） me by him.（9）含复合宾语的主动句变为被动句把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，不定式都必须带to。主动句： The farmer made his horse work for 3 hours.农夫让他的马干了三个钟头的活。被动句： The farmer's hors

53、e was made to work for 3 hours.单项选择1 .Researchers were from all over China to develop the new system.A. brought up B. brought inC. put upD. put in【解析】选Bo考查短语辨析。句意：全中国的许多研究者被召集来研究这一新项目。bring up培养,抚养；bring in召来,请来；put up举起；put in把某物放在里。由句意可知B正确。2.As result of Yuan Longping ' s discoveries Chinese

54、rice production rose by 47.5 percent in 1990 ' s.A. the; theB. a; /C. a; theD. /; the【解析】选Co考查冠词。as a result of由于，是固定短语。第二个空填the,是因为表示“在 20 世纪 90 年代”时，要用 in / during the 1990' s / 1990s。3 .Following this, Yuan Longping ' s rice was to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines

55、.A. imported B. ImportingC. exportedD. exporting【解析】选Co考查动词辨析与语态。import进口 ； export出口。句意：在此之后， 袁隆平的水稻被出口到其他的国家，如巴基斯坦和菲律宾。由句意可知此处要用export的被动形式，所以选Co4 .You can get a good job.A. with studying hardlyB. with studying hardC. by studying hardlyD. by studying hard【解析】选D。此处by表示“通过方式”，后面经常跟v.-ing形式。另外，还 要区分hardly与hard,前者表示“几乎不”，后者表示“困难的/地，努力地”。注意 后者既是形容词也是副词。5 .Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire exploding in it.A. in terms of B. in favor ofC. instead ofD. in memory of【解析】选Co考查介词短语。in terms of依据，就 而言；in favor of赞成；instead of代替；in memory of为了纪念 。句意：可能一些管子从火中蹦出来了，而没有在火中爆炸。根据句意可知选 Co6-9为被