八年级英语上册 Unit 4 topic 1素材 仁爱版

1、八年级上册unit 4 topic 1section a1. 名词复数特殊的几种：（1）单复数同形的名词有： fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊， chinese中国人; japanese （2）不规则变化：child-children；foot-feet，tooth-teeth牙齿；goose-geese 鹅mouse-mice老鼠； man-men； woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an englishman，two englishmen. 但german（德国人）不是合成词，故复数形式为german

2、s；（3）只有复数形式的名词： trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜， 2. 形容词和副词的比较级前可用much, a little, even, far 来修饰，但不能用more, very。如： much/ far more beautiful ; a little taller. 3. 复习比较级和最高级（见语法表）section b1. they give us joy. 它们给我们快乐。 give us joy = give us happiness/ pleasure (joy= happiness= pleasure 表快乐，都是名词 )2.

3、 we share the world with them. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物，如：i want to share my happiness with you.3. insects feed on plants. feed on 以 为食；tigers feed on meat. live on 以食 为生：we live on rive feed 喂: my job is to feed animals. section c 1. rainforests cover 6% of the earths surface. (1)cover 覆盖；(2) co

4、ver with, 用覆盖,如：he covered his face with a newspaper. (3) be covered with 被覆盖：the land is covered with snow. 2. thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. thousands of 成千上万的 thousands and thousands of 千千万万的（比前者更多）3. they also help to control the climate. control the climate 控制气候4. they

5、cant live without water. without 没有，是介词，后不能接句子，只接名词，动名词或代词。如： i wont be happy without her. 5. in fact, water makes up the largest part of the human body. make up 组成，be made up of 由 组成, 如：our team is made up of 11 players. 比较：be made of (from )由制成 6. we must save every drop of water. save(1) 节约 save

6、money (2) 救 save ones life 救某人的命 drop(1) 动词，掉 a bottle dropped onto the floor. (2) 名词，滴 a drop of water. 7. without water, there could be no life on earth. on earth (1) = in the world 在世界上 （2）用于疑问词或否定词后，表“究竟，到底”，如：what on earth did you do that for ? section d1. they are the oldest type of tigers liv

7、ing in the world. living in the world（正生活在世界上的）现在分词短语可放所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句 (that are) living in the world. 2. they are in danger now. be + in +名词，用来表示“处于之中”如：be in danger, be in trouble, be in health.3. the plants in picture one are more beautiful than those in picture two. those 在此指代“the plants”。包含比较

8、级的句子必须是同类事物才能比较，为了避免重复，用that（代单数名词）或 those (代复数名词) 代替前面出现的词或短语: the climate of kunming is better than beijing. (改错,天气不能和北京比) the climate of kunming is better than that of beijing. (that= the climate)4. 题：suzhou is most beautiful tourist city and i believe ill come for second time. a. the, a b. a; a

9、c. the; the d. a; the 解析：形容词的最高级前面要加the, 序数词前一般也加the, 表“第几”，如：the first lesson. 但序数词前也可用a, 表“再第几次”，如：he had tried for six times, but he failed, then he tried a seventh time. (他再试了第七次)， 故答案为：a 八年级上册unit 4 topic 2section a1. when did scientist invent the first robot ? invent(动词)发明；inventor（名词）发明家；inve

10、ntion(名词)发明 如：edison was a great inventor. he invented many inventions. 2. but before that, something like a robot appeared. appear 出现； disappear 消失 the girl disappeared in the forest. 3. robots can take the place of humans to do hard or boring work in some situations. (1) take the place of = take o

11、nes place 代替 (动词短语，可放主语后做谓语) 如： he took the place of me to answer the question. (2) instead of 代替（介词短语，不能作谓语，应放在谓语动词后）如： he answer the question instead of me.4. are you sure? (1) be sure of / about sth. 确信 he is sure of his success. (2) be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事：it is sure to rain.(3) be sure +that从

12、句 im sure that he will come.5. repair和mend 都有“修理，修补”的含义，但mend 一般用于修理小东西、简单东西，如门窗、鞋袜、道路等。而repair 用于修理复杂、精密的东西，如：机器，手表，车辆等。section b1. a ufo flew over my head while i was walking toward the bus stop yesterday. (1) fly over 飞跃，over表“在物体的正上方”，如：there is a bridge over the river. (2) walk toward(s) 朝方向走去

13、(3) while 当时侯与此同时；表此两种意思时，可与when退换，常与经行时态搭配使用：he is watching tv while/ when i am doing my homework. while 还可表“然而”，如：he likes beijing while i like chongqing.2. there are no living things on other planets. living things生物3. will robots make humans lose their jobs. lose ones job 失业；find a job 找工作；get a

14、 job 得到一份工作4. people often mistake some man-made objects for ufos. (1) mistake a for b 错把a当做b：he often mistakes me for jim. (2) make a mistake/ make some mistakes 犯错 he made a mistake in an exam. (3) by mistake 错误地 he called me jim by mistake 5. while he was trying to call for help. call for =ask fo

15、r 要求：he called for help. 提倡，号召：public green olympics. 公众呼吁绿色奥运。6. he woke up and saw his mother. (1) wake up 醒来 she woke up at 9:00 this morning. (2) wake sb up 弄醒某人 my mother wakes me up at 6:00 every morning. (3) be awake 醒着的 i was awake all night. section c1. we can use the internet for find

16、ing jobs. use sth. for doing sth. = use sth. to do sth. 用某物去做某事2. but we shouldnt spend too much time on the internet. sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间或金钱做某事 sb. spend some time/ money on sth. 某人花费时间或金钱在某事物上3. the words in dictionaries are in alphabetical order. in alphabetical orde

17、r 按字母顺序 ；in order 表“以. 的顺序”如：put the words in the right order.4. look up 查找，可以说“look up a word”或“look up a word in a dictionary”但不能说look up a dictionary 5. pay attention to (doing ) sth. 注意（做）某事。to 在此为介词。6. begin with = start with 以开始； end with 以 结束section d1. youd better ask our computer teacher fo

18、r help. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 he often asks his father for money. ask sb. for help 向某人求助2. of course, but its useless. useless无用的，反义词useful. 八年级上册unit 4 topic 2section a1. there used to be lots of old city walls in beijing. there used to be 某地曾经有某物2. most old city walls were pulled down in the 196

19、0s, because they were worn out. 短语：pull down 拆毁 be worn out 不能再用了，被穿破了：my shoes are worn out. wear out 穿破 children their shoes very quickly. section b1. the first emperor, qin shihuang, ordered his men to make them. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事2. the builders used live models, didnt they ? live / l

20、aiv / adj. 活的，主要指动物，live fish. （电视）直播的 3. it stands in new york.（it指自由女神像） stand 站；耸立；忍受 （后接名词或动词ing）section c1. the building is made up of two million stones. be made up of 由组成 the football team is made up of eleven players.2. each stone weighs more than two tons. (1) weigh（动词）重，它的对应名词为weight (重量)，

21、形容词为 heavy, 如： cao chong weighed the elephant. lose weight 减肥 (2) long (形容词)长的；length (名词) 长度 (3) high (形容词)高的；height / hait /(名词) 高度3. the first emperor, qin shihuang, joined the old walls together. join together 把连接起来：join the pieces of paper together. section d初中英语18种特殊的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的

22、词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如：he is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到，是吗？2. 祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you? let引导的祈使句有

23、两种情况：(1)let's.,后的反意疑问句用 shall we例如：let's go home, shall we ? 回家吧，好吗？(2)let us/me.后的反意疑问句用will you例如：let me have a try, will you ? 3. 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？4. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyon

24、e, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了，是吗？no one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事，对吗？5. 感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：what fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？6. 陈述部分主、谓语是i am.时，反意疑问句用aren

25、't i, 例如：i'm working now, arent i? 7. 当陈述部分所含的形容词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，不能视为否定词。例如：it is unfair, isn't it? she is unhappy, isnt she ?8. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如：what you need is more important, isn't it？你需要的东西更重要，是吧？9. 当陈述部分含i think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的

26、主、谓语保持一致，例如：i don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗？10. 陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如：you have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜，对吧？11. 陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如：we had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学，好吗？12. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must

27、时，我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“必须”讲，反意疑问句须用needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如：he must work hard at physics, neednt he? 他必须努力学物理，是吧？tom must be at home，isn't he? 汤姆一定在家，是吧？反意疑问句练习及答案 1.  three hours ought to be enough time, _? a. oughtnt three hours   

28、 b. didnt they    c. shouldnt it    d. shouldnt three hours 2.  they have to study a lot, _? a. dont they    b. havent they    c. did they    d. hadnt they 3.  i'm sure dirty, _? a. am i    

29、b. isnt i     c. arent i     d. am not i 4.  i dont think you judged your ability , _ you? a. do    b. did    c. dont     d. didnt 5.he has his hair cut every month, _? a. has he    b. hasnt

30、 he    c. does he    d. doesnt he 6.your friend needs to come earlier, _? a. does he    b. doesnt he    c. need he    d. neednt he 7.the little boy dare not go to church, _? a. dare he    b. darent he 

31、0;  c. does he    d. doesnt he 8. everyones having a good time, _? a. is he    b. isnt everyone    c. does he    d. arent they 9.tell me how to operate the electronic computer, _? a. will you    b. shant you  &

32、#160; c. do you    d. dont you 10. lets listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, _? a. do we      b. dont we      c. shall we    d. shant we 11.janet used to take part in labor in that village, _? a. used

33、she    b. did she    c. didnt she    d. should she 12.what beautiful weather, _? a. is it    b. isnt it    c. wont it    d. doesnt it 13. we never dared to ask him a question, _? a. did we    b.

34、didnt we    c. dared we    d. darent we 14. nobody will believe how difficult his work has been _? a. will he    b. wont nobody    c. will they    d. wont they 15.learning how to repair computers takes a long time, _? a. isnt it    b. arent they