老人与海论文

1、毕业论文题目 An Analysis of the Heroic Characteristics in“ TheOld Man And The Se老人与海中主人公的性格分析姓 名学 院外国语学院专 业 英_ 语指导教师20122012 年 5 5 月 2020 日ABSTRACTHemingway is one of the most famous novelists in America. He created aperfect image of Code HeroSantiago in The Old Man and the Sea which madeHemingway win the

2、 Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Seais one of the most influential and far-reaching novels of literary treasure of theworld. It so widely-read that people consider that“Whatever there is anintellectual, people know Hemingway and nobody knows Hemingway withoutknowing his work

3、The Old Man and the Sea”.In the introduction of the essay, the author will make a brief descriptionabout the contents of this novel and point out the main idea of the novel. Thecontents of the essay are to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. And thenthe author will set out framework of the ess

4、ay. The first part of the body is thebackground information. Through the introduction to Hemingways legend life,people can find some common points between the author and the old man, andthe most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. In thesecond part of the body, the auth

5、or will portray the process of his catching Marlinand fighting with the sharks. Then the author analyzes the spirit of Code Hero.The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image ofthe old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit ofnever-giv

6、e-up.KEY WORDS: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Code Hero; Santiago摘要海明威是美国著名的小说家之一， 小说老人与海使其获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。在此小说中，作者创造了一个完美的硬汉形象 桑地亚哥。老人与海是一件影响广泛，寓意深刻的世界文学瑰宝，它 广泛地为大众所阅读，以至有人这样认为“只要是个文化人，你就会知 道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小说老人与海 ”。本文是从分析作品中老人这一形象出发，揭示“硬汉”的特征，倡导 一种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。在论文中，作者将对小说的主要内容 作一简单的叙述，揭示

7、小说的中心思想，并提出本次设计的内容分 析小说主人公桑地亚哥这一硬汉形象特征。然后简单介绍此次论文的写 作思路及框架。论文正文的第一部分为背景信息，我们通过介绍小说作 者海明威的传奇一生，指出作者对于小说主人公的诸多相同之处，其中 最相似之处便是都具有“硬汉”精神。在正文的第二部分，作者将结合 老人捕鱼前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具体分析小说主人公的“硬汉” 形象特征。本文的最后一部分为总结。通过对小说中“硬汉”形象的分 析，深刻揭示“硬汉”精神对当今社会的现实意义，倡导这种坚忍不拔， 永不言败的精神。关键字： 海明威；老人与海；硬汉；桑地亚哥OUTLINEIntroductionThis pa

8、per explores the theme of the“codeheroes“createdby Ernest Hemingway,one of the greatest American writers, and analyzes the main characteristics of the“coTdheehaeurotho”r p. oints out that the novel not onlydescribes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates HemingwaysCode Hero g

9、etting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grimfate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero.?. Background Information1.1 The introduction to the author1.2 The Introduction to the backgroundU. A brief introduction toThe Old Man and the Sea山 Detailed study of

10、 the heroic characteristics3.1 Everlasting hope for the future3.2 Unyielding spirit for facing the challenge3.3 Heroic behavior in the actual battle3.4 Loneliness endurance in the long fightingConclusionThis paper analyzes the image of the old man, reveals the characteristics of Code Hero,and advoca

11、testhe spirit of never-give-up. The chief point about Santiago is that he behavesperfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance.While losing to the sharks thegiant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may froe old, and bewholly down on his luck, he can still dare t

12、o stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed,and thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory.1IntroductionThe Old Man and the Seawas published in 1952 and was one of Hemingways most successfulnovels which made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.The novel tells a very

13、simple story which chronicles the adventure of Santiago, based on a truestory of a Cuba fisherman. After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago, an old Cuban hooksa giant fish. For two days and two nights the old man holds on while the fish pulls him further and further.Finally he kills

14、the fish and ties it to his skiff. Almost at once, brutal sharks begin to take his prize away.He struggles against the sharks with the harpoon, the oar, the knife, the short club. The sharks eat all butthe bones of the fish. Half dead with exhaustion, he brings the skeleton home and makes his way to

15、 bedand dreams of his golden time.In the novel, Hemingway creates an immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of CodeHero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone and has finally lost all will to live. Every day is thesame dull, monotonous routine. His wife have died; his only comfo

16、rt is a boy who is forbidden to fishdetermination in holding onto a gargantuan fish, Santiago is plunged into the adventure of his life, but willit bring meaning to his days? But it is the spirit of Code Hero to support him fighting and living.The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfec

17、tly and honorably, with great courage andendurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message thatwhile man may turn old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persistwhen he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losin

18、g to win his victory. The author also wants topoint out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but alsoindicates Hemingways Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak andin the grim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of C

19、ode Hero.This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, andadvocate the spirit of never-give-up.?. Background InformationThis paper will make a brief introduction to the author, and also introduce the social backgroundand the novels background, in order to

20、 make the paper be better understood.1.1 The introduction to the authorOn July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in a well-to-do family in Oak Park, Illinois. His father,a successful physician enjoyed hunting and fishing. Going out frequently with his father, Hemingway2developed a way of life and

21、death, and learned such virtues as courage and endurance, Hemingwaysstyle of living as an adult and the fact that his books abound in sports terms are partly traceable to his earlylife. As a boy Hemingway liked boxing and football. He has on a whole a happy boyhood; though he didrun away from home t

22、wice and observed once that the best training for a writer is an unhappy boyhood.Though he had poor vision from childhood, he was good at sport. In the school he was also an outstandingstudent. After leaving school at 17 infested with the prevailing fever among the young“toget into thethick of it”an

23、d with the senseof the need to experience or observe war at close quarters he tried to enlistin the army, but was rejected becauseof his poor sight. He went to the Kansas City Star and served as anenergetic reporter. Then he was recruited as an ambulance driver, working with the Red Cross in Europe.

24、This led to the crucial happening of his life. On July 6, 1918 he was severely wounded in the knee in Italy.He recovered in time and stayed with the Italian army until the end of the war. His war experience soshattering and nightmarish proved that his life and writing were permanently affected. In a

25、 sense, all hislife, he lied with it emotionally and continued to write about it in order to relive it and forget it.All along Hemingways life, he married four times; even through this, he was not a fickle lover. Oncehe wrote to one of his friends Lillian Loose and said,“I love mlove my wives .”Hemi

26、ngway is a negative writer. It is very di fficult for him to say“yes”.He holds a black, naturalistic view of the world and a man to him is nothing, too. The title of his firstimportant book, The Sun Also Rises, referring to the biblical“Ecclesiastes”downright nihilistic in tone when he say s“The sun

27、 also ris,eand the sun goes down and haste to hisplace where he arose”and“The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is donethat which should be done, and there is no new thing under the su.n He has evidently a very negativeattitude towards life. Hemingway sees life in terms

28、 of battle and tension. All of his works dramatize thisconcept of life, that it is dangerous and is always ready to defect and destroy you; but that, if you keepcalm and stand on your set of principles , you may win on your own terms, through as the winner you getnothing except, perhaps, the knowled

29、ge that you have played well by chaos and brutality and violence (asin A Farewell to Arms , For Whom the Bell Tolls and many sketches In Our Times), by crime and death (asin To Have and Have Not and The Killers ), and sport, hard drinking and sexual promiscuity (as in The SunAlso Rise and some of hi

30、s short stories). And his typical Hemingway hero is one who wounded but strong,more sensitive and wounded because stronger, enjoys the pleasures of life (sex, alcohol, sport) in face of3ruin and death through some notion of a code and ideal of himself.Hemingway is a myth in his own time and a myth i

31、n American literature. He is a glamorous publichero of sorts whose style of writing and living was so precise because he acted out the theme of his ownbooks.1.2 The Introduction to the backgroundHemingways life was active and adventurous but full of pains. He lived in the period when the WorldWar On

32、e broke out when many young volunteers took part in the war which was also called“a war endsall wars”. Bcurtutehlereality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious as they thought.Actually the First and the Second World Wars had affected Hemingway a lot, for he had once joined thearmy

33、and had injured in Italy, so he suffered a lot from the war deeply. He was disappointed with the worldat that time and became very pessimistic about the fate of the human beings. As a young writer andspokesman of the“TheLost Generation”an,d influenced by the greedy and heedless way of life inAmerica

34、, Hemingways works all vividly recorded the life of those physically and mentally woundedsoldiers, revealed the frustration, loneliness when is dead”.The novel The Old Man and the Seais based on a real story. The story goes that in the late 1940s,upon return from an early morning fishing trip, Fuent

35、es ( Hemingways friend) and Hemingway saw asmall boat 10 miles out to the sea. Hemingway asked Fuentes to approach the vessel to see if theyneeded help. Inside the boat were an old man and a boy. As the vessels closed, the old man began yellingat them with insults including telling them to go to hel

36、l, indicating that they had scared away the fish.Fuentes and Hemingway looked at each other in surprise. Just the same, Hemingway asked Fuentes tolower them some food and drinks while the old man and boy glared at them. Without another wordexchanged, the two boats parted ways. According to Fuentes,

37、Hemingway began immediately to write inhis notebook and later asked him to find the old man. But he never was able to find the fisherman that hadmade such an impression on Hemingway. A few years after The Old Man and the Seawas published,residents of Cojimar believed that the old fisherman that Fuen

38、tes and Hemingway ran into at sea was ahumble local fisherman they called el Viejo Miguel; some described his physical appearanceas a wirySpencer Tracy.The other circumstances that made Hemingway wrote the novel was Hemingways writing capabilityhad been questioned by people at that time. Under all k

39、inds of gossip, Hemingway decided to write The4Old Man and the Sea which had been constructed in his mind for more than 10 years. At last, thismasterpiece proved his writing talent.H. A brief introduction to The Old Man and the SeaIt is a poetic and tragic novel told in language of great simplicity

40、and power. Its hero is an old Cubanfisherman, Santiago, who is down on his luck, and tries to fight against his fate. In the story Santiago hasgone for 84 days without catching a fish. As a result, Mandolin, a little boy, who used to sail with him, isforbidden from fishing with the old man by his pa

41、rents and forced to catch fish inanothe“rgood-lucky”ship.Later despite the boy asks for fishing together again, but the old man insists on fishing alone and atlast, he succeeds in hooking a giant marlin which is eighteen-foot, the largest he has ever known before.But the fish is very powerful and di

42、sobedient. It tows the old man and his boat for almost 48 hours, the oldman could do nothing but bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man,with little food and sleep, has to bear a lot of pain and at the same time fight against the fish. To his greatexcitement, h

43、e was rewarded for his struggle. On the third day at sea, he finally catches the weakenedmarlin to the surface and harpoons it.On his way home, he lashed marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be put in the boat. But,unfortunately, the sharks assaulted the old man and the giant marlin in

44、 different directions for four times.The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much strength as he can summon, but only to find a giantskeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for,reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls

45、 into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa and the lionsagain.山 Detailed study of the heroic characteristicsIn The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway created a recognizable group of people with distinctcharacteristics, which combines the strong spirit in Hemingway himself with the characters of tough guys.Th

46、is is what we called the code hero. The spirit of Cold Hero is concentrated on four areas: Firstly, nevergive up hopes in any difficult conditions; secondly, keep daring spirit and never admit defeat in the processof fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the lon

47、eliness in the long processof fighting.3 1 Everlasting hope for the futureOne may lose the battle in life, but he can achieve a moral significance after his courage, bravery and5ability to endure have been tested. Because the hope does not die and the power is not off. Even if thehope is slim, we al

48、so must try our best to fight for it. The author believes that, hope makes the old man fightwith the Marlin, fight with the sharks and fight with his own will.At the beginning of the novel, the author depicts the image of the man.“The old man was thin andgaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of the n

49、eck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer thesun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides ofhis cords. But none of these scars were flesh. They were as old as crossing in a fishless desert”W.henreaders read here, they maybe sho

50、w their sympathy to the old man and think that he cannot do anything.Further more, Santiagos life is not in good condition. He lives in a shack in which there is only a bed, onechair and a place on the dirty floor to cook with charcoal. He is so poor that he had no“pot of yellow riceand fish to eatn

51、g”fo.rWfishhiliengs,ahilie has only a bottle ofwater with him. He leads a lonely life. His wife dies leaving him no children.Except a boy he once taught to fish, he has few friends. It seems that few people care him. What ismore, he is a failure in catching fish. For eighty-four days he fished in a

52、skiff without taking a fish.Eighty-four days is a long period of time. Eighty-four days without a fish is very unfortunate for a fisherman.For a weather-beaten, poverty-stricken and lonely old man like Santiago, the misery might be beyondanyone s tolerance. A man even with strong will be defeated by

53、 too much failure. For this reason, we mayarrive at the conclusion that Santiago will give up fishing. But to our surprise, the eyes of the character arebrighter in the following,“everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color asthe sea and were cheerful and undefeated”. T

54、he eyes of the old man a not stuffy and he has the eyesthose“were the same color as the sea”that only the man has, which shows the old man has a youngheart as the young.“Hefitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the whole pins and, learning forwardagainst the thrust of the blades in the water, he

55、began to row out of the harbor in the dark”. The omldanfirmly insists that he will not always be unfortunate, and ships into the deep sea without looking back.What makes the old man make such a decision under the difficult condition? Through the man, theauthor points out that even though life is har

56、der, even the wretched standpoint,“But who knows? Maybetoday, every day is a new day”. This is the hope for the future,never give up hope for the future.6The author further strengthens the character of the old manthe Code Hero. Whenthe sharks have eaten halfof the Marlin,“he forked the tiller free f

57、rom the rudder and beatand chopped with it, holding it down again and again.”Finally, he saw one shark cameagainst the head of this fish, and he knew all was over. He swung the tiller across the shark shead wherethe jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fish s head which would not tear. He swung

58、it once andtwice and again. He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again. The shark let go and rolledaway. That was the last shark of the pack that came. There was nothing more for them to eat.At last, he sailed back into harbor exhaustedly, with a skeleton of his fish and a broken

59、 skiff.“sSghoeod, he thought. She is sound and not harmed in any way except for the tiller. That is easilyreplaced”. All what the old man seeis good side. He failed, however,“he isnotdefeated, despite the fact that has beenbeaten, as he himself admits, by hisof the sacred code. He pronounces that no

60、thing beat him really and that his only fault was that hewentout too far ”.3.2 Unyielding spirit for facing the challengeThe process of the old mans fishing is just like the human s whole life. Everyone in the world livesa hard life and has to face the vast sea. The greedy sharks have sharp teeth bu