中考翻译必备和翻译方法

1、中考英语译分析及解决方案长沙中考译考点分析：英语译主要对学生词汇,短语,句子根本成分和结构,以及句子类型的综合考察.要求学生增强教材中常见短语的记忆和运用,同时要了解常见副词和副词短语在句子中的根本位置(如：always, sometimes, often, already, usually, all the time等),同时还有各种状语的位置和正常译顺序,并且经常考察学生对状语从句、宾语从句的掌握.其中中译英2题,英译中3题,共计10分.如何准备中考译：针对上述考点,学生应从以下几方面做好充分准备：1 .掌握教材中的必认读写词汇.2 .熟练运用教材词汇表中的短语,同时增强介词短语的记忆.3

2、 .掌握句子的根本结构和成分以及各种成分所包含的内容和句子中所放位置.4 .掌握状语从句的根本连词和宾语从句最简单写法.状语从句主要包括：条件状语从句(if, unless),时间状语从句 (when, not.until, as soon as),结果状语从句 (so.that, in order to do/so as todo sth 表目的),让步状语从句 (although),原因状语从句 (because+ 句子,because of + 名词/动名词).5 .增强译练习：测试不会脱离教材,学生可把教材中的句子反复译,找出教材译和自己翻 译的不同点,增强印象.中译英解决方案中译英必

3、备句型：1.1 t is+ 形容词 /名词pity/ shame/ a waste of time +for sb to do sth. 做某事对某人怎么样.2. Sb find/think it +形容词+ to do sth.某人认为/觉得做某事怎么样.3. It takes/took sb +时间+ to do sth.某人做某事花了多长时间.4. Sb have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.某人在做某事上有麻烦或难处.5. Too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.太.而不能.11 长沙你还太小不懂真爱.You are too young to k

4、now true love.6. You had better do sth.你最好做.7. Sb would like to do sth rather than do sth.比起.某人更喜欢做.Jack would like to play football rather than go swim this afternoon.8. Not only., but also. 不仅., 而且Lucy can not only play piano well, but also sing beautifully.9. The + 比拟级.,the+比拟级. 越.,越.The harder w

5、e study, the better grades we will get.10. One of the + 最高级 in the world/ in our class.什么里面最.常用短语：1. One数词/some/none/neither/either/most/the rest +of + 名词,表示.中的.2. A number of/ hundreds of/ a few/few/ a great many of+ 名词复数 ,表示 “些3. A little/ little + 不可数名词4. Some/a lot of/ lots of+名词复数/不可数名词5. Yeste

6、rday 昨天,yesterday morning/afternoon/ evening 昨天早上 /下午 /晚上,last night 昨晚以 上前面不需要介词6. today今天,this morning/ afternoon/ evening今天早上 /下午/黄昏,tonight今晚,前面也不需 要介词7. tomorrow明天,tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening/night 明天, 前面也不需要介词8. Last+week/weekend/month/year上周末/上个月/去年 前面不需要介词9. . ago,表示 .以前“ three year

7、s ago.10. 表示频率：once/twice/ three times a day/week/month/year 前面不需要介词11. 具体时刻用at,如：at eight last night.昨晚八点,具体到天或者某天的早上、 下午、晚上用on, 如：on a rainy night在一个下雨的晚上,on Tuesday evening.在周二晚上.在月份和年前用in,如： in August, 2021.在 2021 年八月,in 2005在 2005 年12. 表地点：at+home/the airport/ school.在家/机场/学校In+大地,岚the hospital

8、/Hunan province/ China/ a city/ a village其他短语见12版人教版重点短语和句型精编常见介词的根本用法： 不口"talk with / communicate with/ fight with/share sth with sb. 用工具"with a knife用一把刀,l.with的用法：« 带着 the man with a hat, He went out with a red face. 随着" with the development of science 随着科学的开展<with the time

9、 going on.随着时间的推移'+时间 月/年 in the morning/afternoon/ eveningin+时间段用在过去时表示“在.之内,用于将来时表示“在一段时间之后.? 用语言/方式"in English/Chinese in this way通过这种方式2.In 的用法：在.里面“in China, in the dinning room 在 方面"be interested in, do well in, spend.in doing, have trouble in doing,be weak in.+ + 时间 具体时亥U at nig

10、ht, at eight last night, at this time, at that moment, at the age of At the beginning/end of3. at 的用法：< + 小地点：at school/ home/the airport, call at + 地方拜访某地,at the top of sth. 朝向"shout at/laugh at sb/point at 有敌意.【其他：be good at, look at, at last, at least至少,at first 首先,knock at 大约"about

11、100 meters.关于"I wrote a book about his childhood. They had a talk about the plan.4. About 的用法 其他 think about sth, hear about 听说,talk about sth 讨论.,care about 关心 worry about.担忧、 be sure about sb.曲定., 乘坐" by bus/ air/ bike/car/ship在.时间之前"by now, by the end of+周/月/年5. by 的用法：彳 用.方式“His m

12、other taught his son by telling stories. 一般+V-ing 短语.I时间,具体到天或者某天的早上、下午、晚上 on a hot day/ on weekends6. On 的用法：y "在.外表“ on the desk, on the wall国他：go on to do/ doing., on a holiday/vocation, spend.on sth, from now on, depend On, live on sth 靠.活着.Get on well with . , on purpose 成心地从,来自 + 地方/人&quo

13、t;come from China. I borrow this book from Jack.Learn from sb/sth 从.学到7. From 的用法：从.+时间 /地点from yesterday, from 1995 to 2005其他：be different from, from now on 从现在开始,be made from 由 组成8. Without 的用法："没有" without water, we could not live. He left the room without saying anything.9. After:在.后面+

14、人/物/时间10. Behind:在背后 hide behind the door,11. Before 在.前面+ 人/物/时间He sits before me. Before yesterday12. Against 反对/对抗fight against sb/sth stand against the door 靠着门站着各成分如何译：首先确定句子的主、谓、宾、定、状,把句子的主、谓、宾先确定,看谓语结构是否为某个固定短语或句型,同时还要注意时态和主谓一致,然后再确定定语和状语,最后补充其他成分：主语和宾语的译：主语和宾语可以是：名词、代词、 v-ing短语,to do sth.具体用

15、法见句子根本结构讲解定语的译：定语一般放在名词前面起修饰限定作用,常见为".的1 .常见的单个形容词和名词或动词做定语,译时放在名词前.如：感谢信thank-you letter,游泳池swimming pool,真爱true love,大多数问题most of the problems.2 .中文中有“.的而且句子中含有动词时,译时我们要运用介词短语 或者v-ing和被修饰词是主动关系,done 过去分词,和被修饰词是被动关系,to do 被修饰词是do的宾语,表示将来,译成英文时放在名词后做后置定语.如：许多事情要做a 10t of前置things to do 后置,站在树下的那

16、个那人 the man standing under the tree.后置定语,带着帽子的那个男孩 the boy with a hat 后置定语,墙上的那幅画 the picture on the wall 后置定语,叫杰克的那个男孩the boy called Jack 后置定语状语的译：状语中考阶段主要包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语.时间状语：表示什么时候,注意不需要介词的情况以及介词的正确使用见介词的用法地点状语：表示什么地方,注意 there, here, home不需要介词,介词的正确使用.方式状语：常用介词by, 如 by bike; He makes a livi

17、ng by collecting the waste.表示“用这种方式/方法in this way/method.目的状语：一般用“ to do sth 的结构表示目的,中文中常以"为了 “时间、地点状语译要从小到大的顺序排列.如：at six o ' clock yesterday, on a rainy night lastweek. In Hunan Province, China.各个状语的常见排列顺序：地点 一方式一时间一目的,其中时间和目的状语常可放在句首,并常 用“逗号隔开.附：近几年长沙汉译英真题：2021长沙67 .你最好坐下来写一封感谢信.You woul

18、d better 固定句型 sit down and 并列连词 write a thank-you letter70 .我们也应该学会说对不起：We should also 时间副词learn to say sorry".时间副词：sometimes, often, usually, never,放在主语和谓语之间,有情态动词时放在情态动词之后.在完成时态中：already/never放在have/has 后,before, yet 一般放在句末.2021长沙71 .你可能有许多事情要做,时间,却不够.You may 情态动词have a lot of things to do, b

19、ut 连词time is not enough.72 .呆在家里休息.Stay at home and 并列连词have a rest固定短语.2021长沙73 .澳大利亚比中国小一点.Australia is a little smaller than China.74 .澳大利亚因绵羊和袋鼠而著名.Australia is famous for 固定短语 sheep and kangaroos.2021长沙73 .现在你有许多重要的事情要做.You have a lot of important 前置定语.things to do.74 .由于你太小还不懂真爱.Because you ar

20、e too young to 固定句型understand true love.2021长沙73 .用这种方法,人们得到食盐.In this way方式状语 ,people get saltin this way.75 .其中有些湖很大.Some of 定语the lakes are very big.英译汉解决方案英译汉与汉译英属于相反的情况,主要讲究的是译要复合中文的说话习惯,注意一下事项：1 .熟练掌握重点短语和句型的中文译2 .所有定语包括前置和后置译时均放在被修饰词前.3 .时间、目的状语译一般放句首,方式、地点状语一般放在主语和谓语之间.4 .熟练掌握各种状语从句连词的译：alth

21、ough 虽然.,但是,not.until 直到.才., so that以至于,为了,so.that 如此.,以至于., as soon as.就.,if如果., unless除非,when当. 时候等.5 .并列连词and的译方法：可译为“不仅.而且. 一般用于译并列的形容词和副词,如：He is tall and handsome.他不仅长得高,并且很帅；并列两个动词,有时可不用译出来,如： stay at home and have a rest.呆在家里休息；两个动词或以上动词并列的译,如 She found an empty plastic basket, washed and dr

22、ied it.他发现了一个空的塑料篮子,然后把它洗了,并且晾干了.译时可适当参加然后,并且等词.附：近几年长沙英译汉真题：2021长沙66.People with good manners always communicate with others well by using these magic words.后置定语方式状语有礼貌的人总是用这些有魔力的词汇和别人交流.68. The words ' thankyou '同位语are very important and used very often.谢谢这句话很重要,并且经常用.69. We are supposed t

23、o 固定短语 use it when we ask for 固定短语 something, too.当我们要什么东西时,我们也应该用它.2021长沙67 . It ' s necessary for yout固定句型make a plan at the beginning of a week or a day时间状语.在一天或一周的开始制定一个方案对你来说很重要.69 .The stores are less crowded on Wednesday evening than Saturday afternoon.时间状语这个商店周六没有周日那么拥挤.70 .When your day ' s work is done, it固定旬me get yourself relaxed.当你一天的工作完成后,是你放松的时候了.2021长沙72 .Australia is in the south of the earth.澳大利亚位于南半球.73 .When it ' s spring in China, it will be autumn in Australia.当中国是春