地道英语内参：英语副词的用法

1、副词用法一、副词的概念副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时 问、地点、程度、方式等概念的词.副词是一种半虚半实的词.副词可分为：地 点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词.二、副词的分类1.根据意义分类(1)方式副词,一般用来答复 怎样地 这类问题,具有最典型的状语形式,绝大局部都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成.如：calmly冷静地,carefully仔细地,小心地,carelessly粗心地,patiently耐心地, politely礼貌地,proudly自豪地,properly适当地,quickly快速地,rapidly迅速 地,sud

2、denly忽然,successfully成功地,wi1lingly 情愿地,warmly 热情地.句子中的位置：.修饰不及物动词的方式副词要放在被修饰词之后1) His sister sings well.2) The baby is sleeping soundly.修饰及物动词的方式副词可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如果宾语较长,也可放在动词和宾语之间1) He speaks French fluently.2) All this morning Liu Ying has been writing carefully some English letters to her teachers

3、.(2)地点副词,包括表示地点的副词和表示位置关系、方向的副词,如：here这里,there那里,upstairs楼上,downstairs 楼下,anywhere任何地方,above 在上方,up上面,down 下面,east向东,west向西,等.句子中的位置：地点副词和方式副词(here, there, down, anywhere, everywhere, inside； well, quickly, kindly常放在宾语之后,或不及物动词之后.其中here, there, up, down等副词与不及物动词go, come, stand, walk, lie等词连用时,副词可置于旬

4、首.如何 子主语是名词或名词短语时,句子需用完全倒装语序.Eg:1) There stands the towe r2) Down came the rain.3) We looked for the lost wallet here and there but in vain.(3)时间副词,有的表示确定时间,如：yesterday昨天,today 今天,tomorrow 明天,等；有的表示不确定的时间,如：recently最近,nowadays现今,still 仍然,already已经,immediately, 立亥U, just 刚刚,等；有的表示时间顺序,如：now现在,then然后,

5、巾rst首先,next其次,later后来,before以前,等；有的表示时间频率,如：always 总是,often 常常,usually 通常,seldom 彳艮少,never从不,sometimes有 时,等.句子中的位置：1、时间副词可以放在整个句子或从旬之前或后,并通常放在旬末.其中then,recently可以放在动词之前；still常放在动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词 之后；而yet常放于旬末,并且句子常用否认形式.Eg1) I ' ll then turn to my classmates for h elp2) We haven't finished th

6、e work yet2、表示确定时间的副词和表示地点的副词一般放在旬尾.假设旬中同时有地点副词和时间副词,地点副词通常在前,时间副词在后3) They went to the Summer Palace yesterday.4) We often goes there.5) I will go there tomorrow3、表示不确定时间的副词的位置(如：always, usually, often, never, ever, seldom, sometimes, rarely, generally, frequently)当句子谓语是be时,位于其后；句子谓语是单个完全动词时,位于其前；句

7、子谓 语由不完全动词与完全动词一起组成时,位于第一个不完全动词之后.She always helps her mother with the housework.2) The old man seldom goes out.3) He is always the first to come to class.4) They have already done their homework.(4)程度副词,有时又叫强调副词,有的从程度上强调,用来答复 how much 这类问题,可用来修饰形容词、副词,有的还可用来修饰动词、介词短语、名词、 代词和从何等.如：a bit 有点,very 很,qu

8、ite 十分,rather颇,much 很,just 正好,only 仅仅等. 句子中的位置程度副词除enough之外常放在被修饰词之前,但放于情态动词和助动词的后面. 但当very修饰动词时,常与 much连用并置于旬末.E.g.1) I like her very much.2) With one false movement he nearly loses the wholegame.3) The student is very careful with his work.4) He swims quite well.5) The boy is old enough to go to s

9、chool.I often help him these days.这些日子我经常帮助他.I always remember the day when I first came to this school.我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天.You mustn't always help me.你不能老是帮助我.He seldom comes to see us.他很少来看我们.We usually go shopping once a week.我们通常一周买一次东西.The new students don't always go to dance.新学生并不时常去跳舞.重

10、点提示这类副词一般位于它所修饰的词的前面.如：If you don ' t tiyou will never succeed.你如果不尝试,就决不会成功.(修饰动词succeedIt looks a bit ugly as it is.它现在这样子很难看.(修饰形容词ugly)So what exactly are you suggesting?®么,你到底想建议什么呢 ( so修饰句子)其它：1、及物动词和副词小品词(down, on, off, in, out, up)组成的动词词组有名词作宾语 时,该名词可放在副词之后或副词之前；假设有代词作宾语时,那么代词一定放在副

11、词之前.1) He cut down the tree. =He cut the tree down.2) He cut it down.2、修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.3、修饰全句的副词通常放在句首1 ) Truly he is an honest man.2 ) Still, in spite of what you say, I don' t think it is true.4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从旬的前面.When do you stu

12、dy everyday?你每天什么时间学习Can you tell me how you did it?你能告诉我你如何做的吗First, let me ask you some questions.先让我来问几个问题.How much does this bike cost?这辆车子多少钱Either you go or he comes.不是你去就是他来.The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书.3 .根据形式分类(1)简单副词.如：back在后,just刚刚,eno

13、ugh足包为、near在附近,very很,well好,等等.有些简单副词和形容词同形,要根据上下文才能确定其词性,有时意义也不一样,这类词有：cheap, daily, deep, direct, early, enough, far, fast, firm, hard, high, late, low, much, near, pretty, straight, wrong.如：The bus arrivedearly.这趟车到得早.(副词)an early bus早班车(形容词)(2)复合副词,如：nowhere无处,everywhere处处,somehow不知怎么地,somewhat有点

14、,therefore 因此,anyway不管怎样,somewhere在某处,outdoors在户外,在野外,等等.(3)派生副词(方式副词),许多副词由形容词或分词后面加后缀-ly构成.如： obvious 显然的fobviously 显然地,curious 好奇的fcuriously 好奇地,surprising 吃惊的fsurprisingly吃惊地,skilled熟练的fskilledly熟练山 等等.注意：以辅音字母+ y (读作/i/)结尾的形容词变为副词时,要把 y变为i,再加 -ly,如easily, happily等；以-ll结尾的形容词变为副词时,直接加-y,如chilly

15、, fully等；以辅音字母+ le结尾的形容词变为副词时,去-le力口-ly,如ably, idly, simply等；以-ue结尾的形容词变为副词时,去-e力口-ly,如truly等；以-ic结尾 的形容词变为副词时,力口 -ally,如 basically, heroically, tragically 等.有些副词有两种不同的形式,一种和形容词同形,另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成,二者有时没有什么区别,如 highhighly, slow-slowly等.副词除了常见的后缀-ly外,还有一些后缀,如：-wise, -ward (s),-ways等. 有些副词带有前缀 a-, 如：abr

16、oad, ahead, around, aloud, alike, alonQ.4 .根据功用分类(1)句子副词,这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系,而并非修饰某 个动词.如：Surprisingly , the weather report on the evening before the storm said there would be strong winds, but not a hurricane.令人惊奇的是,风爆发生之前的那天晚上,天 气预报说将有强风,但没有飓风.Worse still, it could even carry off the baby from it

17、s mouth.更为糟糕的是,狮子甚至有可能把婴儿叼走.类彳以的副词有： actually, by all (no) means, decidedly, evidently, generally, frankly, indeed, in my opinion, unexpectedly, no, now, obviously, yes, undoubtedly, luckily, seriously 等.(2)连接副词,用来连接何子、分旬或从旬,表示各种关系.表示结果,如：therefore因止匕,accordingly从而表示添补,如：besides止匕外,moreover再者表示比照,如：

18、however不管怎样,nevertheless然而表示条件,如：otherwise否那么表示时间,如：then然后,lastly最后(3)解释副词,常用来举例或列举.如：as如,e. g. ( = for example)例如,for example例如,i. e. (=that is)那就是(4)关系副词,常用来引导定语从句,有 when, where, why等.如：An estuary is the body of waterwhere a river meets the ocean河口是河流与海洋会合的水域.Childhood is a time when we solidify o

19、ur personalities.童年是我们形成个性的时期.This is the reasonwhy he was late,这就是他迟到的理由.(5)缩合连接副词,由先行词和关系副词缩合而成,用来引导主语从何、宾语从句和表语从句,有 when (= the time when), where (= the place where) why (= the reason why) 如：When it will be finished depends on the weather 什么时候能完成要看天气.I don ' t knowhere we are going to have th

20、is meeting我不知道这个会放到哪里开.That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.这就是为什么爱因斯坦和他的家属于 1933年离开欧洲去美国的原因.带有-ever 的副词如 whenever (= any time when), wherever (= any place where),however (= no matter how)常用来引导状语从句,表示 任何"、不管的意思.如;Wheneverwe found an unknown plant, we had to descri

21、be it in our notebook:s 我们 无论什么时候发现一种不熟悉的植物,就记在笔记本上.Sit wherever you like,你随便坐哪里都行.He will never succeed,however hard he tries无论他如何努力尝试,他都不会成功.(6)疑问副词,常用来引导特殊疑问句,有when, where, why, how.如：When do you take your next exam?你什么时候参加下次测试Why not buy some English tapes?为什么不买些英语录音带呢Where did you last have it?

22、你最后一次有这东西时是在什么地方呢How are you getting on with your English lessons?你的英语课学得怎么样(7)感慨副词.如：How well he looks!他看起来多么健康啊！三、副词在句中的用法1 .修饰动词Advertisements appeareverywhere in modern society.广告在现代社会无处不在.I haven ' t read thao b carefully. I ' ve just only dipped into. it我没有认真读过那本书,只是随便翻阅过.2 .修饰形容词Train

23、ing by yourself in a gym can behighly dangerous你单独在体育馆练习是非常危险的.I think at the beginning we ' d rather Hiauvly souhet and peaceful music我认为开始时我们应该来点稍微轻柔平和的音乐.3 .修饰副词He worked out just how much the light would bend; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved他把光的弯曲度计算了出来； 他

24、还能把星球 看上去移动了的距离也计算出来.If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headedtraight upward during the straight part of the wagging dance如果喂食地点向着太阳,跳舞的蜜蜂在跳摆尾舞的直线局部就一直向上.4 .修饰全句You areobviously a person of great courag e显然你是个极有勇气的人.Often, all we need is a good friend who will listen to us while we talk things through.往往我们所需要的,不过是一位能倾听我们畅叙衷肠的好朋友.Then it turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side