农村小学小课题研究的选题和方法问题

1、In 2016CountyEconomicworkshop S hang ofspe ech comra de are:thiscounty economicwork shop ofmain ta skis,fullimplement impl ementationCentral,and provinci al, andmuni cipal economicwork shopa nd provincepartymainleaders seminarspirit, recalle d summary results, a nalysisjudge situation, arrangements

2、de ployment newa nnualfocusw ork task, mobilization County upperand lower furthergra sp newnormal,implementation new concept,temper newstyle, show ne was,str uggled to a dvance Countyeconomic social transformationupgra de science development.Foll owi ng,told foura a spects of probl em: a,and full ce

3、rtainlyresults,effectivefirm transformation upgradeofconfidenceand determi nation2015,face macr oeconomicdown pressure conti nue d increase dofsevere situati on a nd difficult heavy ofreformdevelopmenttask,County uppera ndlowertightat Centraland provinces series major decision deployme nt,firmly gra

4、spstabilityin theseeking into t otaltone ,activeadapted economi cdevel opme nt new normal,focused focus field,fullwork storming, Countyeconomic soci al devel opment renderingout contrariantogood,a nd stability int he ha s into,a ndmore poi nts breakt hrough,a ndOverallagood trend. One iscloselylinke

5、dt othe transformationandupgradi ngofthe global, compre hensive e conomic power significa ntly.A ccurately gaugethe ma crosit uationand based onrealcomprehensive pla n,strongly pr omote thesustai nedand healthydevelopmentofeconomy andsociety. Proje ctsupportca pacityi ncrea sed sig nifica ntly.A dhe

6、re t othe inside andout sidesimultane ously, build,impl ementationof nati onala nd provincialinve stmentof 625 million Yuan,forState oneortwo, three,fouror fivespecificbond f unds and localrepla ceme nt bondfunds of 554 million Yuan,forthestarting year of key construction pr ojects ha s laida soli d

7、foundati on.Inparticularthenationalcirc ulareconomydemonstrationcounties and .two State -levelpi lotpr oject ofecological demonstrationCounty proje ctplatformssettled i njingchuan,Z huJiaJia n constr ucti on ofthe reserv oirbega n,ha ndi cap reservoirs,Li u Lihe re servoir preparat4i onw orkgoe s we

8、ll,takesolid steps forcomprehensiveutilizati on ofwater resources;city gas station to speedupimplementation of thepr oject,I becamethe County'sfirstWest-East gaspipelineproje ctin t he surrounding areabenefitfromthe County, majorprojects sup porte d increasedsig nificantl y.Overall well-offsoci

9、etyconstantly consolidate 254thebasi s.Battle victory industrial development asthe primary taskof thewell -off,fruitproducti on suitablefor fullcoverageofthe target will be realized,vegetable industry developmentareaextendi ng,farmingaqua culture changest hemome ntum ofthe show , "markets +ente

10、rpri se+ base +farm ers" ast hey gradua llyintroduced measures significa ntly strengt hen standardized ma nagement, industry constantly consolidate thebasis andenri chi ng.Investmentattraction resultsconti nuet oexpand.Adheretot he softenvir onme ntofexcellencea nd impr ove thee nvironme nt are

11、equally农村小学小课题研究的选题和方法问题作者： 卢娟雯 （ 小学语文贺州钟山小学语文三班） 评论数 / 浏览数：4 / 61发表日期：2011-08-05 14:21:38小课题研究的特点和方法一、小课题研究的特点：1、小切口较小，内容单一所谓“小”即小巧：一是研究范围切口小、周期短，容易操作。解决教师在教育教学中遇到的困惑问题。研究的内容和角度可以是教学过程中的章节或某个专题，可以是教育教学中存在的现象、案例、问题等。二是研究成果灵活，可以是一种经验总结、一种教学模式展示课、一节独特的教学设计或教学论文等；也可以是研究小报告，访谈记录，调查问卷及报告，学生作品；还可以是音像作品、课件

12、、图表或教具等实物。三是规模小，研究涉及的范围小、人员少、时间短，因而规模小、投资少。2、活自由选择，自主性强所谓“活”即运用灵活：一是选题立项活。小课题从本质来说是一种个人研究行为，课题可以申报立项，也可以无须审报立项。提倡一种“教学即研究，教师即研究者，成果即成长”的理念。 二是研究内容和时间活。小课题研究什么？什么时候研究？怎么研究？不需要囿于教育科研课题规划部门所提供的选题指南，教师可以“我的事，我做主”。三是组织形式活。可以一个人承担一个研究项目，单独开展研究，也可以成立两人以上的小组共同研究，还可以以教研组、备课组、年级组、教学班的老师为单位，组建微型课题组，开展研究工作。小课题可

13、以重复研究，不同学校的教师或课题组可以同时或先后研究同一个问题。小课题人人都可以研In 2016CountyEconomicworkshop Shang ofspe ech comra de are:thiscounty economicwork shop ofmain ta skis,fullim plement impl ementationCe ntral,and provi nci al, andmuni cipal economicwork shopa nd provincepartymainleaders seminarspirit, recalled summaryresults

14、,analysisjudge situation, arrangements de ployment newa nnualfocusw ork task, mobilization County upperand lower furthergrasp newnormal,implementation new concept,temper newstyle, show ne was,struggled to a dvance Countyeconomic social transformationupgra descience development.Followi ng,told foura

15、aspects ofprobl em: a,and fullcertainlyresults,effectivefirmtransformation upgradeofconfidenceand determi nation2015,face macr oeconomicdown pressureconti nued increase dofsevere situation a nd difficult heavyofreformdevelopmenttask,County uppera ndlowertightat Centraland pr ovinces seri es major de

16、cision deployme nt,firmly graspstabilityin theseeking into totaltone ,activeadapted economi cdevel opment newnormal,focused focus field,fullwork storming, Countyeconomic soci al devel opme nt renderingout contrariantogood,a nd sta bility int heha s into,a ndmore poi nts breakt hrough,a ndOverallagoo

17、d trend. One iscloselylinkedtothe transformationandupgradi ngofthe global, compre hensive e conomic power significa ntly.A ccurately gaugethe macrosit uationand based onrealcomprehensive pla n,strongly pr omote thesustainedand healthydevelopmentofeconomy andsociety. Proje ctsupportca pacityi ncrease

18、d sig nifica ntly.A dhere t othe inside and out sidesimultane ously, build,impl ementationof nati onala nd provincialinvestmentof 625 million Yuan,forState oneortwo, three ,fouror fivespecificbond funds and localreplaceme nt bondfunds of 554 million Yuan,forthestarting year of key construction pr oj

19、ects has laida soli dfoundati on.In particularthe nationalcirculare conomydemonstrationcountie s and .two State-levelpi lotpr oject ofecological demonstrationCounty proje ctplatforms settled i njingchuan,Z huJiaJia n constr ucti on ofthe reserv oirbegan,ha ndi cap reservoirs,Li u Lihe re servoir pre

20、parat4i onw orkgoes well,take solid steps forcomprehensiveutilizati on ofwater resources;city gas station to speedup implementat ion of thepr oject, I becamethe County'sfirstWest-East gaspipelineproje ctin t he surrounding areabenefitfromthe County, major projects supporte d increase dsig nifica

21、ntl y.Overall well-offsoci etyconstantly consolidate 254the basi s.Battle victory i ndustrial development ast he primary taskof thewell -off,fruitproducti on suita blefor full coverageofthe target will be realized,vegetable industrydevelopmentareaextendi ng,farmingaqua culture changest hemome ntum o

22、fthe show , "markets +enterpri se+ base +farmers" as t hey gradua llyintroduced measures significa ntly strengthen standardized ma nagement, industry constantly consolidate thebasis andenrichi ng.I nvestmentattraction resultsconti nuet oexpand.Adheretot he softenvir onme ntofexcellencea nd

23、 impr ove thee nvironme nt areequally究，时时都可以开展，处处都可以进行，研究在兴趣中生根，在实践中开花，在过程中结果。3、实实践中来，为实践服务所谓“实”即实在、实用。一是选题“务实”。小课题研究针对教师教育工作中遇到的盲点、热点、难点问题，选题贴近学校、贴近教师、贴近教育教学实际。如：上课时，学生不愿举手发言怎么办？也许这些问题有些小家子气，但它们恰恰又是众多一线教师在日常教学活动中遭遇的最为真实的难题，是影响着教师顺利组织教学活动的现实问题。二是研究过程“踏实”。这些研究对教师来说，既实在也实用，教师用自己的语言叙述自己的实践，从自己的实践中提炼自己的

24、经验，让自己的经验体现自己的特点。三是研究成果突出行动，操作。即在“做得好”的基础上“提炼得好”，“做得好”表现在实践上有真正的行动研究，“提炼得好”体现在对研究的做法进行规律性的总结。4、快短周期，快出果所谓“快”即时间短，见效快。一是即时性。一方面，小课题是生成于教师的教育实践之中，根植于教师的课堂教学之中，具有随机性、偶发性、 情景性， 常常是不约而至。另一方面，小课题的研究周期显得很灵活，课题研究的时间视研究的内容而定，可长可短，时间短的两至三周就可以解决问题，长的三至五个月，最长的一般不超过一年。它不需要固守三、五年的研究周期。二是见效快。由于研究的周期短且基于在实际工作中解决具体问

25、题，因而速度快、效率高，一个问题解决了，就可以转入到下一 个问题的研究；一个问题解决了，就可以得到一点收获。有些研究它不需In 2016CountyEconomicworkshop S hang ofspe ech comra de are:thiscounty economicwork shop ofmain ta skis,fullim plement impl ementationCe ntral,and provi nci al, andmuni cipal economicwork shopa nd provincepartymainleaders seminarspirit , r

26、ecalled summaryresults,analysisjudge situation, arrangements de ployment newa nnualfocusw ork task, mobilization County upperand lower furthergra sp newnormal,implementation new concept,temper newstyle, show ne was,str uggled to a dvance Countyeconomic social transformationupgra descience developmen

27、t.Foll owi ng,told foura a spects of probl em: a,and full certainlyresults,effective firm transformation upgradeofconfidenceand determi nation2015,face macr oeconomicdow n pressure conti nue d increase dofsevere situati on a nd difficult heavy ofreformdevelopmenttask,County uppera ndlowertightat Cen

28、traland pr ovinces seri es major decision de ployme nt,firmly graspstabilityin theseeking into t otaltone ,activeadapted economi cdevel opme nt new normal,focused focus field,fullwork storming, Countyeconomic soci al devel opme nt renderingout contrariantogood,a nd sta bility int heha s into,a ndmor

29、e poi nts breakt hrough,a ndOverallagood trend. One iscloselylinkedt othe transformationandupgradi ngofthe global, compre hensive e conomic power significa ntly.A ccurately gaugethe ma crosit uationand based onrealcomprehensive pla n,strongly pr omote thesustai nedand healthydevelopmentofeconomy and

30、society. Proje ctsupportca pacityi ncrea sed sig nifica ntly.A dhere t othe inside and out sidesimultane ously, build,impl ementationof nati onala nd provincialinve stmentof 625 milli on Yuan,forState oneortwo, three ,fouror fivespecifi cbond f unds and localrepla ceme nt bondfunds of 554 million Yu

31、an,forthestarting year of key construction pr oje cts ha s laida soli dfoundati on.In particularthe nationalcirculare conomydemonstrationcounties and .two State -levelpi lotpr oject ofecological demonstrationCounty proje ctplatforms settled i njingchuan,Z huJiaJia n constr ucti on ofthe reserv oirbe

32、ga n,ha ndi cap reservoir s,Li u Lihe re servoir preparat4i onw orkgoe s well,take solid steps forcomprehensiveutilizati on ofwater resource s;city gas station to speedupimplementat ion of thepr oject, I became the County'sfirstWe st-East gas pipeline proje ctin t he surrounding area benefitfrom

33、the County, major projects supporte d increase dsig nificantl y.Overall well-offsoci etyconstantly consolidate 254the basi s.Battle victory i ndustrial development ast he primary taskof thewell -off,fruitproducti on suita blefor full coverageofthe target will be realized,vegetabl e industry develo p

34、ment area exte ndi ng,farmingaqua culture changest hemome ntum ofthe show , "markets +enterpri se+ base +farmers" as t hey gradua llyintroduced mea sures significa ntly strengt hen standar dized ma nagement, i ndustry constantly consoli date the basis and enrichi ng.Investmentattraction re

35、sultsconti nuet oexpand.Adheretot he softenvir onme ntofexcellencea nd impr ove thee nvironme nt areequally要触及该问题的方方面面，也不需要形成系统的经验总结，也不苛求一定要将自己的研究心得发表，关键是要教师自己体味到有所收获、有所成长、有所愉悦就是成功。二、小课题研究的选题通常一个好的小课题研究选题应该有六个字，对教师来说：想做，可做，能做。1、 想做。 就是指从自己身边选择当前自己最想解决同时也是最需要解决的问题，作为小课题进行研究。教师最想解决最需要解决的问题是什么，自己更清楚。因为

36、每个教师所处的环境及其自身的条件都不同，因此各人的需求不一样，这就要求教师根据自己的需求慎重选择。2、可做。 是针对教师自身的条件而言，指进行小课题研究，必须将教师的经验、素养、时间、精力等因素考虑在内。这些因素往往决定着教师能不能进行研究或能不能将研究进行到底。因此，必须从实际出发，在充分了解自己的基础上，做自己力所能及的事。3、 能做。 是针对小课题本身而言，指选择的小课题是个小而明确的教育教学中的具体问题，有个具体明确的切入点，在实践中操作起来相对容易。选题太大、笼统模糊往往只是在表面上兜圈子，解决不了实际问题。总之可以小题大做，以小的角度研究大问题。“先小后大”，“先易后难”，重在突出

37、重点，目标专一，不能四面出击。课题研究范围一大， 内容就多，就会广而不深，中心不突出。一个针尖容易扎得深，而一个平In 2016CountyEconomicworkshopShang ofspe ech comra de are:thiscounty economicwork shop ofmain ta skis,fullim plement impl ementationCe ntral,and provi nci al, andmuni cipal economicwork shopa nd provincepartymainleaders seminarspirit, recalled

38、 summaryresults,analysisjudgesituation, arrangements de ployment newa nnualfocusw ork task, mobilization County upperand lower furthergra sp newnormal,implementation new concept,temper newstyle, show ne was,str uggled to a dvance Countyeconomic social transformationupgradesciencedevelopment.Followi

39、ng,told foura a spects of probl em: a,and full certainlyresults,effectivefirmtransformation upgradeofconfidenceand determi nation2015,face macr oeconomicdow n pressure conti nue d increase dofsevere situati on a nd difficult heavy ofreformdevelopmenttask,CountyupperandlowertightatCentralandpr ovince

40、s seri es major decision de ployme nt,firmly graspstabilityin theseeking into t otaltone ,activeadapted economi cdevel opme nt new normal,focused focus field,fullworkstorming, Countyeconomic soci al devel opme nt renderingout contrariantogood,andsta bility int heha s into,a ndmore poi nts breakt hro

41、ugh,a ndOverallagoodtrend.Oneiscloselylinkedt othe transformationandupgradi ngofthe glo bal, compre hensive e conomic power significa ntly.A ccurately gaugethe ma crosit uationand based onrealcomprehensivepla n,strongly pr omote thesustai nedand healthydevelopmentofeconomy andsociety. Proje ctsuppor

42、tca pacityi ncrea sed sig nifica ntly.A dhere t othe inside and out sidesimultane ously, build,impl ementationof nati onala nd provincialinve stmentof 625 milli on Yuan,forState oneortwo, three ,fouror fivespecifi cbond f unds and localrepla ceme nt bondfunds of 554 million Yuan,forthestarting year

43、of key constructionproje cts ha s laida soli dfoundati on.In particularthe nationalcirculare conomydemonstrationcountiesand .two State -levelpi lotpr oject ofecological demonstrationCounty proje ctplatforms settled i njingchuan,Z huJiaJia n constr ucti on ofthe reserv oirbega n,ha ndi cap reservoir

44、s,Li u Lihe re servoir preparat4i onw orkgoe s well,take solid steps forcomprehensiveutilizati on ofwater resource s;city gas station to speedup implementat ion of thepr oject, I becamethe County'sfirstWe st-East gas pipeline proje ctin t he surrounding area benefitfromthe County, major projects

45、 supporte d increase dsig nificantl y.Overall well-offsoci etyconstantly consolidate 254the basi s.Battle victory i ndustrial development ast he primary taskof thewell -off,fruitproducti on suita blefor full coverageofthe target will be realized,vegetableindustry developmentareaextendi ng,farmingaqu

46、a culture changest hemome ntum ofthe show , "markets +enterpri se+ base +farmers" as t hey gradua llyintroduced mea sures significa ntly strengt hen standar dized ma nagement, i ndustry constantly consoli date the basis andenri chi ng.I nvestmentattraction resultsconti nuet oexpand.Adheret

47、ot he softenvir onme ntofexcellencea nd impr ove thee nvironme nt areequally面却难于深入。一般来说课题小而容易深入， “小课题， 短周期， 快出果”。课题大则难于深凿。课题选择千万不要犯贪多、贪大的毛病。三、小课题研究的方法：小课题研究的方法有很多，这里介绍几种常用有效的方法。1、从总结开始实践是理论的故乡，教育科学不仅仅存在于专家的著作中。更存在于民间广大教师的课堂教学、班级管理的日常教育教学工作中。例如，某教师根据多年的课堂教学实践和创新总结出启发学生回答问题的十种方法：积极等待法，因学生心急而慌乱，教师应当安定他

48、的情绪，耐心等待；旁敲侧击法，学生在思考主要问题时，再提一两个有关的问题，力口速学生的思考；回忆法，让学生回忆有关的旧知识，以便解决问题；铺垫法，提一两个较浅显的问题，让学生顺着这个思路往下想；点拨法，在关键点上指点一下学生；激将法，做出要让别人回答的样子，激励学生加快思考；分辨选择法，让其他学生回答，或教师提出多种答案，让学生自己思考分辨，选择正确答案；回述法，先由教师或让别的学生正确解答之后，让这个学生回述；暂停法，让学生课下再想，然后找老师回答；In 2016CountyEconomicworkshop S hang ofspe ech comra de are:thiscounty e

49、conomicwork shop ofmain ta skis,fullim plement impl ementationCe ntral,and provinci al, andmuni cipal economicworkshopand provincepartymainleaders seminarspirit, recalled summaryresults,analysisjudge situation,arrangementsde ployment newa nnualfocusw ork task, mobilization County upperand lower furt

50、hergra sp newnormal,implementation new concept,temper newstyle, show ne was,str uggled to a dvance Countyeconomic social transformationupgra descience development.Foll owi ng,told foura aspects of probl em: a,and fullcertainlyresults,effective firm transformation upgradeofconfidenceand determi natio

51、n2015,face macr oeconomicdow n pressure conti nue d increase dofsevere situati on a nd difficult heavyofreformdevelopmenttask,County uppera ndlowertightat Centraland provinces series major decision de ployment,firmly graspstabilityin theseeking into t otaltone ,activeadapted economi cdevel opme nt n

52、ew normal,focused focus field,fullwork storming, Countyeconomic soci al devel opme nt renderingout contrariantogood,and stability int heha s into,andmore poi nts breakthrough,a ndOverallagood trend. One iscloselylinkedt othe transformationandupgradi ngofthe global, comprehensive economic power signi

53、fica ntly.A ccurately gaugethe ma crosit uationand based onrealcomprehensive pla n,strongly promote thesustai nedand healthydevelopmentofeconomy andsociety. Proje ctsupportca pacityi ncrea sed sig nifica ntly.A dhere tothe inside andout sidesimultane ously, build,impl ementationof nati onala nd provincialinve stmentof 625 million Yuan,forState oneortwo, three ,fouror fivespecificbond f